TC4钛合金的微动疲劳行为研究

研究了TC4钛合金在柱面-平面接触条件下的微动疲劳行为.通过观察微动区的磨损特征和截面形貌,分析了微动疲劳损伤机制,探讨了磨屑的形成与演变过程及其对微动疲劳行为的影响,考察了摩擦系数随时间的变化.结果表明,TC4钛合金微动区的损伤机制以粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和接触疲劳为主,并伴有氧化磨损.磨屑是基体材料脱落、破碎、氧化形成的,磨屑中的硬质氧化物颗粒促进了合金表面的磨粒磨损,加速了疲劳失效.     

TC21钛合金微弧氧化涂层微动磨损行为研究

采用球盘接触形式,在50 μm和150 μm位移振幅条件下,研究了载荷(60 N、40 N和20 N)对TC21钛合金及其表面微弧氧化(PEO)涂层切向微动磨损性能的影响。结果显示,随着位移振幅的增大和载荷的减小,TC21钛合金和PEO涂层的微动区域均由部分滑移区向滑移区转变。在部分滑移区,两种材料沿微动方向的磨痕宽度随载荷的减小而减小。虽均未出现明显的材料损失,但TC21钛合金边缘微滑区存在微裂纹的萌生和扩展,其程度随载荷的减小而加重,而微动对PEO涂层只起到了平滑作用。在滑移区,两种材料的磨痕宽度随载荷的减小而增大,且均存在局部磨损。磨损程度随振幅的增大和载荷的减小而加深。其中,PEO涂层的最大磨痕深度小于TC21钛合金,显示出更好的抗微动磨损性能。     

DLC薄膜对TC4钛合金微动磨损行为的影响

目的 为提高TC4钛合金的抗微动磨损性能,对比研究类金刚石薄膜(DLC)和TC4钛合金在干摩擦条件下的微动磨损行为,揭示DLC薄膜抗微动磨损的机理.方法 在TC4钛合金基体上利用非平衡磁控溅射技术制备DLC薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、拉曼光谱和纳米压痕仪分析薄膜的表面形貌、物相组成以及纳米硬度.利用球/平面接触形式SRV-V微动摩擦磨损试验机研究DLC薄膜和TC4钛合金的微动摩擦磨损性能.采用激光共聚焦显微镜和自带能谱分析仪的场发射扫描电镜分析材料的磨痕情况.通过Ft-D-N曲线、三维轮廓、磨损形貌及磨痕化学成分分析来揭示DLC薄膜和TC4钛合金微动损伤机理.结果 DLC薄膜与TC4钛合金相比,摩擦因数和磨损体积都很小.载荷为10 N时,DLC薄膜的摩擦因数为0.01～0.03,TC4钛合金的摩擦因数为0.07～0.12.从磨损率来看,TC4钛合金的磨损率随着位移幅值的增大而增大,DLC薄膜的磨损率随着位移幅值的增大而减小.位移幅值为100μm时,TC4钛合金的磨损率取得最大值(5.02×10?5 mm3/(N·m)),DLC薄膜的磨损率取得最小值(6.70×10?8 mm3/(N·m)).TC4钛合金磨损严重,磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损、疲劳剥层和氧化磨损,同时伴随有塑性变形;而DLC薄膜磨损轻微,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主.结论 DLC薄膜具有较高的硬度和良好的润滑特性.在干摩擦条件下,DLC薄膜可以显著提高TC4钛合金的抗微动磨损性能.     

钛及其合金的扭动微动摩擦磨损特性

采用新型扭动微动试验机在法向载荷为50、80和110 N及角位移幅值为0.3°~10°的条件下进行TA2和TC4合金与ZrO2对磨球的扭动微动试验。在摩擦动力学行为研究的基础上,结合磨痕形貌微观分析,考察TA2和TC4合金的扭动微动磨损特性。结果表明:可用摩擦扭矩—角位移曲线和摩擦扭矩时变曲线表征合金的扭动微动行为,获得了TA2和TC4合金的扭动微动运行工况微动图,TA2合金的混合区较TC4合金的宽。摩擦扭矩随法向载荷和角位移幅值的增加而增加,在相同试验条件下,TA2合金的摩擦扭矩始终大于TC4合金的。在部分滑移区,损伤轻微;在混合区和滑移区,损伤加剧,扭动微动摩擦磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥落。     

TC4合金微动磨损颗粒的运动分布

完善钛合金微动摩擦磨损特性数据,以磨损颗粒在不同位移幅值下于界面间的运动分布为手段,研究不同运动分布下的微动行为和损伤机制。结果表明:位移幅值显著影响着磨损颗粒的运动分布。小位移下中心粘着撕裂形成的片状脱层沿垂直于微动的方向堆积成"脊";中等位移下磨屑颗粒平铺于接触表面;较大位移下团簇状磨屑沿平行于微动的方向重新聚集成水平"脊"。磨屑在接触界面不同的运动分布导致磨损机制由粘着磨损,过渡到磨粒伴随轻微粘着,最终以磨粒伴随氧化磨损为主。     

0Cr20Ni32AlTi合金的高温微动磨损及摩擦氧化特性(英文)

在300和400℃、载荷80N的条件下,将0Cr20Ni32AlTi合金以水平垂直交叉接触方式进行微动磨损试验,并采用SEM和XPS对磨痕及磨屑进行分析。结果表明:当位移幅值为10和20μm时,微动分别对应于混合区和滑移区,且材料表面均发生严重的磨损和摩擦氧化。微动过程产生大量颗粒状磨屑,经往复碾压后易粘附、聚集于接触区。摩擦氧化反应的生成物主要由Fe3O4、Fe2O3、Cr2O3和NiO等组成。温度和摩擦作用是影响磨屑氧化转化反应速率的主要因素。微动摩擦作用可以增加0Cr20Ni32AlTi合金表面原子的氧化反应活性并降低氧化反应的活化能,从而加快磨屑氧化转化反应的速率。     

微动幅值对Ti-6Al-4V合金摩擦特性的影响

钛合金的微动磨损会加速裂纹萌生及扩展,甚至导致构件提前失效。为了在有限元建模过程中提供更加准确地反映钛合金摩擦特性的数据,更好地模拟微动磨损行为,对微动幅值为10~300μm时,球/平面接触Ti-6Al-4V合金的微动摩擦特性进行了研究,测量了不同微动幅值下的摩擦系数,对微动斑中心区域的表面形貌进行了表征,并对接触界面不同深度处的化学成分进行了检测。结果表明,微动幅值为100μm时摩擦系数最大,不同微动幅值下,摩擦系数的演变不一致,且摩擦系数的演变与微动模式有关;微动幅值的不同会导致表面形貌的差异,随着微动幅值的增大,磨屑颗粒逐渐减小,同时形状从块状逐渐向球形转变;此外,当微动幅值较大时,钛合...     

AlCrN涂层转动微动摩擦学行为

在新型转动微动摩擦磨损试验装置上,采用球/平面接触方式,对多弧离子镀制备的AlCrN涂层与Si3N4陶瓷球进行转动微动试验,变化转角位移幅值,研究了涂层的转动微动摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:AlCrN涂层的转动微动摩擦行为明显依赖于转角位移幅值,随着转角位移幅值的增加,摩擦界面从部分滑移向完全滑移转变,摩擦因数明显增大且曲线走势明显不同。AlCrN涂层转动微动在转角位移幅值θ=0.5°时处于部分滑移状态,损伤极其轻微,界面主要由弹性变形协调;当θ增大为1°,微动运行于完全滑移状态,但涂层的损伤仍较轻,为轻微的磨粒磨损和氧化磨损;当θ进一步增大为2°,涂层损伤明显加重,且磨痕中心处有明显的塑性隆起的痕迹,与同处于滑移区的较小转角位移幅值(θ=1°)的情况明显不同。因此,转角位移幅值对AlCrN涂层的转动微动摩擦磨损行为有重要影响。     

载荷对TC21钛合金微弧氧化涂层微动磨损性能的影响

采用球盘接触形式,在50和150μm位移振幅条件下,研究了载荷(60、40和20 N)对TC21钛合金及其表面微弧氧化(PEO)涂层切向微动磨损性能的影响。结果显示,随着位移振幅的增大和载荷的减小,TC21钛合金和PEO涂层的微动区域均由部分滑移区向滑移区转变。在部分滑移区,2种材料沿微动方向的磨痕宽度随载荷的减小而减小。虽均未出现明显的材料损失,但TC21钛合金边缘微滑区存在微裂纹的萌生和扩展,其程度随载荷的减小而加重,而微动对PEO涂层只起到了平滑作用。在滑移区,2种材料的磨痕宽度随载荷的减小而增大,且均存在局部磨损。磨损程度随振幅的增大和载荷的减小而加深。其中,PEO涂层的最大磨痕深度小于TC21钛合金,显示出更好的抗微动磨损性能。     

TC4合金在不同环境介质中微动磨损行为研究

采用SRV-IV微动磨损试验台,研究TC4钛合金在空气和纯水介质中不同位移幅值下的微动磨损行为及其在模拟海水中的微动腐蚀特性,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别对磨痕表面形貌、磨损体积及磨痕轮廓进行表征,分析了钛合金在不同环境介质中的微动磨损机制。结果表明:摩擦系数随位移幅值的增大呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,磨损体积随位移幅值的增大而增大;干摩擦条件下,摩擦系数较高且波动剧烈,磨损体积较小,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损并伴有氧化磨损;与干摩擦相比,水介质中的摩擦系数较低,磨损体积显著增大,且模拟海水中的摩擦系数更低更稳定,磨损轮廓更深,说明腐蚀与磨损之间存在"正"交互作用;TC4合金在纯水介质中的微动磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损,而在模拟海水中的微动磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损。     

Fretting wear of micro-arc oxidation coating prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy

Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coating was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy surface and its characterizations were detected by Vickers hardness tester,profilometer,scanning electric microscope(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).Fretting wear behaviors of the coating and its substrate were comparatively tested without lubrication under varied displacement amplitudes(D)in a range of 3-40μm,constant normal load(Fn)of 300 N and frequency of 5 Hz.The results showed that the MAO coating,presenting rough and porous surface and high hardness,mainly consisted of rutile and anatase TiO2 phases.Compared with the substrate,the MAO coating could shift the mixed fretting regime(MFR)and slip regime(SR)to a direction of smaller displacement amplitude.In the partial slip regime(PSR),lower friction coefficients and slight damage appeared due to the coordination of elastic deformation of contact zones.In the MFR,the friction coefficient of the coating was lower than that of the substrate as a result of the prevention of plastic deformation by the hard ceramic surface.With the increase of the displacement amplitude,the degradation of the MAO coating and the substrate increased extremely.The fretting wear mechanisms of the coating were abrasive wear and delamination with some material transfer of specimen.In addition,the coating presented a better property for alleviating fretting wear.     

LZ50钢离子渗氮层的转动微动磨损行为

利用离子渗氮技术在LZ50钢表面进行渗氮处理.对渗氮层及其基体材料(LZ50钢)在干态不同角位移幅值下进行转动微动磨损试验,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱仪(EDX)和轮廓仪对磨痕形貌进行了分析.结果表明:渗氮层虽没有改变LZ50钢的转动微动运行区域特性,但显著降低了基体的摩擦系数,并提高了基体的耐磨性.在部分滑移区,渗氮层损伤轻微,仅呈现零星点状压痕;滑移区,渗氮层的损伤主要表现为剥层和磨粒磨损.     

Friction and wear of 7075 aluminum alloy induced by torsional fretting

The torsional fretting wear tests of 7075 aluminum alloy flat against 52100 steel ball in dry condition were carried out on a new high-precision torsional fretting-wear tester.The kinetics behaviors and damage mechanism of 7075 aluminum alloy under different angular displacement amplitudes were investigated in detail.The results show that the torsional fretting running behaviors of 7075 aluminum alloy can be defined by three fretting regimes(i.e.partial slip regime(PSR),mixed fretting regime(MFR) and slip r...     

Torsional fretting corrosion behaviours of Ti6Al4V alloys in Hank’s simulated body fluid

ABSTRACT

Torsional fretting corrosion in a physiological medium is one of the main reasons that artificial joints fail. In this study, we carried out experiments on torsional fretting corrosion in Titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) against Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) ceramic balls under 37°C in a Hank’s simulated body fluid. During the tests, we recorded electrochemical corrosion parameters using an electrochemical analysis system in real-time. We analysed the torsional fretting dynamics behaviours, damage mechanisms, and electrochemical corrosion behaviours in detail using the micro-examinations of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), a profilometer, and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results showed that the dynamics behaviours strongly depended upon the torsional angular displacement amplitude and the number of cycles. The friction torque increased with increases in the torsional angular displacement amplitude and normal load. We established a running condition fretting map (RCFM), which included three fretting running regimes: a partial slip regime (PSR), a mixed fretting regime (MFR), and a slip regime (SR). We determined that the influences of torsional fretting on electrochemical corrosion behaviours were strongly correlated to the angular displacement amplitude. Under large angular displacement amplitudes, the corrosion of the Ti6Al4V alloys in Hank’s simulated body fluids were accelerated by torsional fretting, especially during the initial stage of the test. However, when the angular displacement amplitude was smaller than 1°, the corrosion potentials and corrosion currents were almost invariable during the entire duration of the test. The damage to the Ti6Al4V alloy was the result of wear and corrosion. The wear mechanisms were attributable to delamination and abrasive wear in the three fretting regimes. We observed almost no damage on the contact centre and only slight scratches and wear on the contact edge in the PSR. In MFR testing, the damage zone extended to the contact centre and the sticking zone (which exhibited no damage) contracted to the contact centre with increases in the number of cycles. Ultimately, in MFR and SR testing, the damage mechanisms were primarily the result of abrasive wear, oxidation wear, tribochemical reactions, adhesion wear, and electrochemical corrosion.     

Fretting wear behavior of Ti/TiN multilayer film on uranium surface under various displacement amplitudes

Ti/TiN multilayer film was deposited on uranium surface by arc ion plating technique to improve fretting wear behavior. The morphology, structure and element distribution of the film were measured by scanning electric microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Fretting wear tests of uranium and Ti/TiN multilayer film were carried out using pin-on-disc configuration. The fretting tests of uranium and Ti/TiN multilayer film were carried out under normal load of 20 N and various displacement amplitudes ranging from 5 to 100 μm. With the increase of the displacement amplitude, the fretting changed from partial slip regime (PSR) to slip regime (SR). The coefficient of friction (COF) increased with the increase of displacement amplitude. The results indicated that the displacement amplitude had a strong effect on fretting wear behavior of the film. The damage of the film was very slight when the displacement amplitude was below 20 μm. The observations indicated that the delamination was the main wear mechanism of Ti/TiN multilayer film in PSR. The main wear mechanism of Ti/TiN multilayer film in SR was delamination and abrasive wear.     

Effect of nitrogen ion implantation dose on torsional fretting wear behavior of titanium and its alloy

Various doses of nitrogen ions were implanted into the surface of pure titanium, Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6Al4V, by plasma immersion ion implantation. Torsional fretting wear tests involving flat specimens of no-treated and treated titanium, as well as its alloys, against a ZrO₂ ball contact were performed on a torsional fretting wear test rig using a simulated physiological medium of serum solution. The treated surfaces were characterized, and the effect of implantation dose on torsional fretting behavior was discussed in detail. The results showed that the torsional fretting running and damage behavior of titanium and its alloys were strongly dependent on the dose of the implanted nitrogen ions and the angular displacement amplitude. The torsional fretting running boundary moved to smaller angular displacement amplitude, and the central light damage zone decreased, as the ion dose increased. The wear mechanisms of titanium and its alloys were oxidative wear, abrasive wear and delamination, with abrasive wear as the most common mechanism of the ion implantation layers.