多自由度一般积分型粘弹性阻尼减震结构的 随机响应与等效阻尼

该文对任意多自由度带支撑一般积分型粘滞和粘弹性阻尼器减震结构的随机响应与等效阻尼比的解析分析法进行了系统研究。首先建立了结构一般运动方程;然后将运动方程化为振型广义坐标的微分和积分混合地震响应方程组;继而基于多自由度随机平均法理论,获得了结构随机平均Itô方程组的解析式,推导出耗能结构各振型振子的振幅与相位瞬态联合概率密度函数、位移与速度瞬态联合概率密度函数、位移与速度瞬态响应方差的一般解析解;最后,基于与多自由度随机平均法分析完全相同的等效准则,建立了耗能结构各振型等效阻尼比的一般解析式,并根据CQC和SRSS组合方法,建立了耗能结构随机地震响应方差的解析式,给出了带支撑广义Maxwell阻尼器和广义微分模型阻尼器减震结构随机响应和各振型等效阻尼比的一般解析式,通过与一些典型问题的模态应变能法的计算精度对比分析,表明了所提方法的有效性,使耗能结构可直接应用反应谱法进行设计,从而建立了带支撑任意线性粘滞和粘弹性阻尼器一般耗能结构随机响应与特性等效阻尼分析的完备解析解法。     

Structural dynamic modifications via models

Structural dynamic modification techniques attempt to reduce dynamic design time and can be implemented beginning with spatial models of structures, dynamic test data or updated models. The models assumed in this discussion are mathematical models, namely mass, stiffness, and damping matrices of the equations of motion of a structure. These models are identified/ extracted from dynamic test data viz. frequency response functions (FRFs). Alternatively these models could have been obtained by adjusting or updating the finite element model of the structure in the light of the test data. The methods of structural modification for getting desired dynamic characteristics by using modifiers namely mass, beams and tuned absorbers are discussed.     

Finite Element Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Viscoelastic Structures

This work is concerned with the dynamic behavior of laminated beam, plate and shell structures consisting of a viscoelastic damping layer constrained between two structural layers. Finite element models for modal, harmonic and transient analyses are developed. The dynamic interlaminar shear stresses are determined and presented under harmonic and transient loads. The effect of the damping ratio of the viscoelastic material is investigated. It is found that the viscoelastic material damping reduces the interlaminar stresses. The results also show the dependency of the viscoelastic material on frequency, hence, the effect of the viscoelastic material appears significantly under harmonic loading. In transient analysis, the importance of the viscoelastic material is observed in absorbing the impact and returning the structure to its original configuration.     

Finite Element Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Viscoelastic Structures

This work is concerned with the dynamic behavior of laminated beam, plate and shell structures consisting of a viscoelastic damping layer constrained between two structural layers. Finite element models for modal, harmonic and transient analyses are developed. The dynamic interlaminar shear stresses are determined and presented under harmonic and transient loads. The effect of the damping ratio of the viscoelastic material is investigated. It is found that the viscoelastic material damping reduces the interlaminar stresses. The results also show the dependency of the viscoelastic material on frequency, hence, the effect of the viscoelastic material appears significantly under harmonic loading. In transient analysis, the importance of the viscoelastic material is observed in absorbing the impact and returning the structure to its original configuration.     

计算粘弹结构动力学参数的新模态应变能方法

粘弹结构在噪声与振动控制领域已得到广泛应用,然而准确地计算粘弹结构的动力学参数一直存在困难,模态应变能法及其修正方法常用作近似计算。在分析模态应变能方法和已有修正方法的原理及其相互关系的基础上,提出一种基于损耗因子幅值的新模态应变能方法,用于计算粘弹结构的损耗因子与固有频率。新方法的修正因子随粘弹结构对应模态阶次损耗因子幅值变化。取可等价为粘弹性夹层梁/板的四参数原型系统和新型高阻尼航天载荷隔振器为算例,通过与已有方法的对比分析了新方法的准确性。     

不同边界条件和应变振幅对各向异性层合阻尼结构内耗的影响

制备了由纤维增强树脂复合材料层与黏弹阻尼材料层交替层合的7层各向异性层合阻尼结构, 借助动态热机械分析仪(DMA Q800)首次考察了不同的结构应变振幅和不同的边界条件对该结构内耗温度频率特性的影响, 为新型减振降噪阻尼结构的理论分析与应用提供相应的实验研究依据。结果表明: 在不同的边界条件和常温(25℃)下, 各向异性层合阻尼结构的内耗都随着结构应变振幅的增加而减少, 且结构内耗峰所对应的温度随应变振幅的增加而向低温方向移动; 当结构应变振幅相同时, 单悬臂梁模式下的结构内耗最高, 双悬臂梁模式下次之, 三点弯曲模式下最低。      

平面张弦结构粘弹性阻尼器振动控制研究

该文针对采用粘弹性阻尼器替换平面张弦结构跨中撑杆的振动控制方法,开展理论分析和数值仿真研究,揭示其振动控制机理,阐明振动控制效果。推导了上弦节点静力位移公式并推广至动力分析,结合撑杆动力学方程,揭示了粘弹性阻尼器替换平面张弦结构跨中撑杆振动控制耗能机理以及阻尼器刚度系数K与阻尼系数C对结构耗能效果的影响规律,依据耗能最大原则提出了实现最佳减振效果的阻尼器参数取值依据和方法。基于该文提出的刚度系数与阻尼系数取值方法,针对跨度60 m、100 m的张弦梁结构开展了粘弹性阻尼器替换张弦梁结构跨中撑杆参数化数值仿真。由参数化仿真可知,结构峰值加速度、峰值位移和峰值索内应力最大减振效果分别可达42.58%、30.54%和39.05%。减振结构可以满足结构安全以及正常使用需求。证明了粘弹性阻尼器替换平面张弦结构跨中撑杆是有效的振动控制方法,验证了该文提出的振动控制机理的有效性和阻尼器参数取值方法的适用性。     

一般线性粘弹性阻尼器耗能结构瞬态响应的非正交振型叠加精确解

对一般线性粘弹性阻尼器(含线性橡胶隔震支座)耗能结构的非正交振型叠加精确解法进行了系统研究。首先采用最一般的线性粘弹性阻尼器的积分型精确分析模型,用微分积分方程组实现一般粘弹性阻尼器耗能结构的时域非扩阶精确建模;然后采用传递矩阵法,直接在耗能结构原始空间上获得了一般线性粘弹性耗能变频结构在任意激励和非零初始条件下位移与速度时域瞬态响应的非正交振型叠加精确解;通过与3种典型结构的对比分析,验证了该精确解的正确性、简易性和普适性。该非扩阶精确解具有明确的物理意义,可视为现有比例粘滞阻尼定常结构的经典正交振型叠加精确解在一般线性粘弹性阻尼耗能变频结构的推广,能从本质上精确揭示耗能结构的振动机理,即尽管耗能结构的振型不具有正交性,但耗能结构响应仍然可精确分解为各振型响应的线性组合。此振动机理将为建立耗能结构精确的振型分解反应谱法提供分析路径,同时可将现有用于一般粘滞阻尼定常结构的参数识别、动力修改、最优控制及优化设计等方法推广到一般粘弹性阻尼变频非定常结构。     

《MATV技术和声学灵敏度方法在驾驶室噪声分析中的应用》

卡车驾驶室大多属于板梁组合的结构。传统结构修改主要采用在驾驶室相应位置增加质量、附加阻尼材料、改变面板厚度等方法。在最优改进部位未知的情况下,这些方法具有一定的盲目性。本文运用MATV技术确定驾驶员右耳处声压贡献突出的主要板件,利用边界元声学灵敏度分析确定结构中对特定声压级有主要影响的部位,从而可以对结构进行针对性修改,以达到降噪的目的。     

Dynamic analysis and damping of composite structures embedded with viscoelastic layers

In recent years, it has been found that composites co-cured with viscoelastic materials can enhance the damping capacity of a composite structural system with little reduction in stiffness and strength. Because of the anisotropy of the constraining layers, the damping mechanism of co-cured composites is quite different from that of conventional structures with metal constraining layers. This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic properties of multiple damping layer, laminated composite beams with anisotropic stiffness layers, by means of the finite element-based modal strain energy method. ANSYS 4.4A finite element software has been used for this study. The variation of resonance frequencies and modal loss factors of various beam samples with temperature is studied. Some of these results are compared with the closed-form theoretical results of an earlier published work. For obtaining optimium dynamic properties, the effects of different parameters, such as layer orientation angle and compliant layering, are studied. Also, the effect of using a combination of different damping materials in the system for obtaining stable damping properties over a wide temperature range is studied.     

卫星飞轮安装支架的粘弹性阻尼减振设计

应用粘弹性约束阻尼减振技术对某卫星飞轮组件安装支架结构进行振动抑制处理。约束阻尼技术能在不对结构作大的修改的前提下,提高结构的阻尼能力。首先建立原型支架结构的有限元模型,计算了其动态特性。分析了支架结构关键模态的应变能分布规律,确定出约束阻尼处理的铺敷位置。采用参数优化方法,比较了不同约束层厚度、不同阻尼层厚度设计情况下的结构阻尼性能,在满足附加重量和工艺限制要求的前提下,确定出阻尼减振设计方案。最后,将阻尼前后支架结构的加速度频率响应结果进行了对比,验证了在飞轮安装支架上应用粘弹性阻尼减振的合理性和有效性。     

基于Layerwise理论的共固化粘弹阻尼复合材料动特性分析

共固化粘弹性复合材料兼具结构承载和阻尼减振功能。针对传统的混合单元法在应用于粘弹性夹层复合材料结构阻尼性能分析时存在着前处理困难、计算规模大、精度低以及难以考虑正交各向异性铺层自身损耗能力的缺点,推导了一种基于Layerwise离散层理论的四节点四边形复合材料层合板单元,并利用直接复特征值解法建立了共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析方法。将该方法应用于不同的阻尼结构,分析结果与文献中已公开结果和混合单元法的计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,基于离散层理论的层合板单元具有计算精度高、前处理建模简单和计算规模小的优点,可有效应用于复杂共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析和设计。     

Optimal design and parameter estimation of frequency dependent viscoelastic laminated sandwich composite plates

Recent developments in optimization and parameter estimation of frequency dependent passive damping of sandwich structures with viscoelastic core are presented in this paper. A finite element model for anisotropic laminated plate structures with viscoelastic frequency dependent core and laminated anisotropic face layers has been formulated, using a mixed layerwise approach, by considering a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to represent the displacement field of the viscoelastic core, and a first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the displacement fields of adjacent laminated face layers. The complex modulus approach is used for the viscoelastic material behaviour, and the dynamic problem is solved in the frequency domain, using viscoelastic material data for the core, assuming fractional derivative constitutive models. Constrained optimization of passive damping is conducted for the maximisation of modal loss factors, using the Feasible Arc Interior Point Algorithm (FAIPA). Identification of the frequency dependent material properties of the sandwich core is conducted by estimating the parameters that define the fractional derivative constitutive model. Optimal design and parameter estimation applications in sandwich structures are presented and discussed.     

A Decomposition Method for the Analysis of Viscoelastic Structural Dynamics with Time‐Dependent Poisson's Ratio

Abstract: This paper presents a decomposition method for the dynamic analysis of elastic–viscoelastic composite (EVC) structures with time‐dependent Poisson's ratio. The analysis splits the viscoelasticity matrix with time‐dependent Poisson's ratio into two matrices in a simple form in which the time‐dependent Poisson's ratio does not appear. The decomposition simplifies the process of dynamical analysis for EVC structures with time‐dependent Poisson's ratio. The approach also makes it possible to apply existing analysis methods for constant Poisson's ratio structures directly to structures with time‐dependent Poisson's ratio. Based on the numerical results of three case studies, it is found that the time‐dependent Poisson's ratio has little influence on the structure's natural frequencies and damping properties. Therefore, it could be concluded that the effect of time‐dependency in Poisson's ratio may be ignored in the EVC structural dynamic analysis without introducing notable errors.     

Sensitivity analysis of frequency response functions of composite sandwich plates containing viscoelastic layers

In the scope of structural dynamics, sensitivity analysis is a very useful tool in a number of numerical procedures such as parameter identification, model updating, optimal design and uncertainty propagation. In this paper the formulation of first-order sensitivity analysis of complex frequency response functions (FRFs) is developed for composite sandwich plates composed by a combination of fiber-reinforced and elastomeric viscoelastic layers, in arrangements that are frequently used for the purpose of noise and vibration attenuation. Although sensitivity analysis is a well known numerical technique, the main contribution intended for this study is its extension to viscoelastic structures, which are characterized by frequency- and temperature-dependent material properties and, thus, require particularly adapted analytical and numerical procedures. Due to the fact that finite element discretization has become the most used method for dynamic analysis of complex structures, the sensitivity analysis addressed herein is based on such models, being computed from the analytical derivatives of the FRFs with respect to a set of design parameters, such as fiber orientations and layer thicknesses. Also, a procedure for evaluating the sensitivity of the FRFs with respect to temperature of the viscoelastic material is suggested. After discussion of various theoretical aspects, including a parameterization scheme of the structural matrices with respect to the design variables, first-order response derivatives are calculated for a composite plate with inherent structural damping, and for a composite sandwich plate with a viscoelastic core. The results are compared to those obtained from first-order finite-difference approximations.     

空间桁架结构采用黏弹性阻尼的振动控制技术

航天器空间桁架结构在太空特殊物理环境下的振动控制问题是航天技术中的一大难题,为探讨阻尼被动控制技术的有效程度。首先从理论上分析黏弹性材料（VEM）的阻尼作用机理,由此设计一种双夹层圆柱式黏弹性阻尼器（VED）,研究VED阻尼杆在桁架中的最佳位置配置问题,并推导阻尼桁架结构的动力学方程,结合VEM的阻尼特性分析结构的动态品质。最后以一字型桁架为例,对VED阻尼被动控制效果进行仿真分析,结果显示在共振区内桁架的振幅衰减达35 %,可取得良好的控制效果。     

大型变压器绕组刚度系数的动力修改方法

鉴于变压器绕组刚度及阻尼特性的复杂性，提出了一种确定变压器绕组刚度系数的新方法。该方法应用模态分析中的结构动力修改与灵敏度分析理论，采用理论分析和实验相结合的方法确定变压器绕组刚度系数。由该方法确定的刚度系数既包括了绕组垫块及端圈刚度的非线性特性，又考虑了诸多材质，结构，制造，安装，环境等理论上难以考虑的影响因素。经理论分析与实验验证，证明该方法是正确、有效的，可作为变压器绕组设计，结构特性重分析及故障诊断的依据。     

桁架结构的阻尼设计

论述桁架结构的阻尼控制设计理论基础，包括：一种新型的双夹层圆柱式ＶＥＤ结构设计公式，桁架结构中ＶＥＤ动力设计的绝对值模态应变能法（简记ＡＶＭＳＥ），ＶＥＤ最佳位置选择方法和结构模态阻尼比对ＶＥＤ刚度的灵敏度分析，并给出利用这种ＶＥＤ控制桁架结构模态阻尼的具体设计。通过一个三维复杂桁架结构的设计和实验实例，对这种设计理论和方法进行了验证。     

Technique of checking missed eigenvalues for eigenproblem with damping matrix

In the case of the non‐proportionally damped system such as the soil–structure interaction system, the structural control system and composite structures, the eigenproblem with the damping matrix should be necessarily performed to obtain the exact dynamic response. However, most of the eigenvalue analysis methods such as the subspace iteration method and the Lanczos method may miss some eigenvalues in the required ones. Therefore, the eigenvalue analysis method must include a technique to check the missed eigenvalues to become the practical tools. In the case of the undamped or proportionally damped system the missed eigenvalues can easily be checked by using the well‐known Sturm sequence property, while in the case of the non‐proportionally damped system a checking technique has not been developed yet. In this paper, a technique of checking the missed eigenvalues for the eigenproblem with the damping matrix is proposed by applying the argument principle. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two numerical examples are considered. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanics based model for predicting structure-induced rolling resistance (SRR) of the tire-pavement system

The structure-induced rolling resistance of pavements, and its impact on vehicle fuel consumption, is investigated in this study. The structural response of pavement causes additional rolling resistance and fuel consumption of vehicles through deformation of pavement and various dissipation mechanisms associated with inelastic material properties and damping. Accurate and computationally efficient models are required to capture these mechanisms and obtain realistic estimates of changes in vehicle fuel consumption. Two mechanistic-based approaches are currently used to calculate vehicle fuel consumption as related to structural rolling resistance: dissipation-induced and deflection-induced methods. The deflection-induced approach is adopted in this study, and realistic representation of pavement–vehicle interactions (PVIs) is incorporated. In addition to considering viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete layers, the realistic representation of PVIs in this study includes non-uniform three-dimensional tire contact stresses and dynamic analysis in pavement simulations. The effects of analysis type, tire contact stresses, pavement viscoelastic properties, pavement damping coefficients, vehicle speed, and pavement temperature are then investigated.