Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr合金的热变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Al-5.5Zn-1.5Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr铝合金进行高温等温压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.01～10s-1条件下的流变行为,建立合金高温变形的本构方程和加工图,采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析变形过程中合金的组织特征.结果表明流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低;当应变速率ε=10s-1,变形温度为300～500℃时,合金发生了动态再结晶.Al-5.5Zn-1.5Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金的高温流变行为可用Zener-Hollomon参数描述.在热变形过程中,随着真应变增加,合金的变形失稳区域增大.该合金适宜的变形条件如下变形温度300～360℃、应变速率0.01～0.32s-1,或变形温度380～500℃、应变速率0.56～10s-1.     

Cu-Ni-Si-Ag合金动态再结晶及组织演变

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si-0.15Ag合金在应变速率为0.01～5s-1、变形温度为600～800℃、最大变形程度为60%条件下的流变应力行为进行了研究.分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系.并研究了在热压缩过程中组织的变化.结果表明:热模拟实验中,应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈地影响合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大.从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金高温热压缩变形时的应力指数n,应力参数α,结构因子A,热变形激活能Q和流变应力方程.合金动态再结晶的显微组织强烈受到变形温度的影响.     

端子连接器用Cu-Fe-P-Zn-Sn-Mg合金的热变形行为

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,采用等温压缩试验,研究了Cu-Fe-P-Zn-Sn-Mg合金在变形温度为750~950℃、应变速率为0.01~10s-1条件下的流变应力的变化规律,测定了其真应力-应变曲线,并分析了合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变规律。结果表明,合金的真应力-应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特征,其流变应力随变形温度的降低以及应变速率的提高而增大,且变形温度越高、应变速率越小,合金越容易发生动态回复和再结晶。在试验基础上,计算并建立了合金热变形过程中流变应力与变形温度和应变速率之间关系的热压缩高温变形本构方程。     

Al—Cu—Mg—Ag合金热变形本构方程模型

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上进行高温等温压缩试验,研究了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金在变形温度为300～500 ℃、应变速率为0.01～10.00 s-1条件下的流变变形行为,建立了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金热变形本构方程.结果表明,流变应力随温度的降低、应变速率的提高而增大,在应变速率小于10.00 s-1的条件下,流变应力随应变增加而迅速增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳,表现出动态回复的特征;在应变速率为10.00 s-1,温度大于300 ℃的条件下,应力达到峰值后逐渐下降,并出现锯齿波动现象,表明合金发生了局部动态再结晶;Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金高温变形时的流变行为可用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其变形激活能为160.08 kJ/mol.     

铸态ZnAl10Cu2合金热变形本构方程

在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上采用等温压缩实验研究了ZnAl10Cu2合金在温度为210～300℃、应变速率为10-2～10 s-1条件下的热变形行为,获得了该合金热变形过程中的真应力-应变曲线.结果表明:ZnAl10Cu2合金的峰值流变应力随温度升高而降低,随应变速率的提高而增大.通过双曲正弦模型确定了该合金的...     

锌合金高温变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟机上采用等温压缩实验研究Zn-8Cu-0.3Ti锌合金的高温流变行为,获得锌合金在变形温度为230～380℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1和变形程度为50%条件下的真应力—应变曲线,根据动态材料模型(DMM)建立锌合金的热加工图。结果表明:Zn-8Cu-0.3Ti锌合金在实验条件下具有正的应变速率敏感性,流变应力随着应变速率的增大而增大,随着变形温度的升高而减小,该合金的流变应力行为可用Arrhenius方程来描述。在本研究条件下,Zn-8Cu-0.3Ti锌合金在热变形时存在一个失稳区,即应变速率0.2 s-1以上的区域;在应变速率小于0.001 s-1和340～370℃温度范围内,最大功率耗散系数为0.53,该安全区域内合金的变形机制为动态再结晶。     

高强可焊2195铝-锂合金热压缩变形的流变应力

在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上,采用高温等温压缩,0.001～10 s-1,变形温度为360～520℃,对2195铝-锂合金在高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为进行了研究,分析了其高温变形的物理本质.结果表明:在应变速率为1 s-1(变形温度为520℃)和应变速率为0.1、0.01、0.001 s-1(变形温度为360～520℃)时,2195铝-锂合金热压缩变形流变应力出现了明显的峰值应力,表现为连续动态再结晶特征;在其它变形条件下存在较为明显的稳态流变特征;可采用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦函数来描述2195铝-锂合金高温变形时的流变应力行为;在获得的流变应力σ解析表达式中,A、α和n值分别为2.569×1017 s-1、0.012 48 MPa-1和5.94;热变形激活能Q为250.45 kJ/mol.     

汽车用Zn-0.8Cu-0.15Ti合金的高温变形性研究

采用等温压缩法对Zn-0.8Cu-0.3Ti合金的高温流变行为进行了研究,得到其在变形温度为210³00℃、应变速率为0.01300℃、应变速率为0.01¹0.00 s-1条件下的流动真应力-应变曲线和微观组织。结果表明,Zn-0.8Cu-0.3Ti合金在高温压缩变形条件下,合金的流变应力随着应变速率的减小或变形温度的增大而增大。在热变形过程中合金的微观组织由ε相、TiZn15相和η相构成,且在热变形过程中存在动态再结晶。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金高温热变形行为及动态再结晶

在Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验对Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金在应变速率为0.01~5 s 1、变形温度为600~800℃条件下的流变应力行为进行研究,利用光学显微镜分析合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶机制。结果表明:Cu-Ni-Si-P-Cr合金在热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,且根据变形温度的不同,真应力—真应变曲线的特征有所不同。流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大。从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性得出该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q和本构方程。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金动态再结晶及组织演变

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu-2.0Ni-0.5Si-0.4Cr合金在应变速率为0.01～5s-1、变形温度为600～800℃、最大变形程度为60%条件下的流变应力行为进行了研究。结果表明:随变形温度升高,合金的流变应力下降,随应变速率提高,流变应力增大;在应变温度为700,800℃时,合金热压缩变形流变应力出现了明显的峰值应力,表现为连续动态再结晶特征;从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金高温热压缩变形时的应力指数(n)、应力参数(α)、结构因子(A)、热变形激活能(Q)和流变应力方程;合金动态再结晶的显微组织强烈受到变形温度的影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.