Pitting corrosion behavior of Cu-P-RE weathering steels

The weathering steels are prone to pitting corrosion in an environment containing chloride ions.The pitting behavior of Cu-P-RE weathering steels and its effect on the corrosion resistance of steels were investigated by multifarious analytical techniques,such as field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM),electrochemical workstation and a series of immersion tests.The results show that the original stripshap...     

10PCuRE耐候钢耐蚀锈层的电化学特征

利用干湿周浸实验室加速腐蚀方法获得了不同稀土含量10PCuRE耐候钢和碳钢的腐蚀率,采用测定带锈试样阳极极化曲线、弱极化区线性极化曲线和交流阻抗谱的方法评价了耐候钢和碳钢生成锈层的性能,从电化学角度解释了钢样耐蚀能力的差别,并且得出稀土在一定的含量范围内可以减小腐蚀驱动力,促进锈层稳定致密化的结论。     

非金属夹杂物对不锈钢耐点蚀性能影响的综述

摘要：首先,总结了3种常用的非金属夹杂物对不锈钢耐点蚀性能影响的研究方法,即原位腐蚀观察、微区电化学法、原子力显微镜。其次,总结了硫化物、氧化物、稀土夹杂物3种不同类型夹杂物对不锈钢耐腐蚀性能影响。随着硫化物含量的增多,不锈钢的耐点蚀性能会下降;对于氧化物的影响,目前的研究集中在氧化物的成分对不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响。不同成分的夹杂物对不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响机制还不是很清楚;稀土夹杂物对不锈钢点蚀的影响主要与稀土对不锈钢中夹杂物改性有关。而后,汇总了目前提出的夹杂物对不锈钢耐点蚀性能影响的机制,即贫Cr区机制、微缝隙机制、活性机制。贫Cr区机制主要用于解释硫化物引起的点蚀,后2种主要用于解释氧化物引起的点蚀。最后,提出了夹杂物控制提升不锈钢耐点蚀性能的展望。     

Influence of rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of BFe10-1-1 alloys in flowing marine water

The corrosion behavior of BFe10-1-1 alloy with different rare earth (RE) contents in simulated flowing marine water was investi-gated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was demonstrated that the corrosion rate of BFe10-1-1 alloy with the same chemical compositions in faster flow velocity of marine water was higher than that in a lower flow velocity of marine water. Fixing the flow velocity, BFe10-1-1 alloy had the best flushing corrosion resistance when the RE content was 0.04wt.%. The consequence of such good corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of compact protective film on alloy surface containing RE phase such as CeNi5- The RE-contained film combines with other corrosion products firmly, which was difficult to fall off from the alloy surface in the flowing marine water. Additionally, SEM analysis confirmed that pitting mechanism, which would be transformed to spalling mechanism gradually with further increasing RE content, was the prevalent mechanism when the alloy contained 0.04wt.%RE.     

Progress of Study on Application of Rare Earth Metals in Steels

With the improvement of the clean steel by degrees, the functions of rare earth metals in steel are more focused on modification of inclusions and micro alloying.The new study concerning the application of RE metals in clean steels were investigated by ICP, metallographic examination, SEM, EDS, EPMA, TEM and IMMA.The mechanism of corrosion resistance in the weather resistance steel was clarified.The mechanism of abrasion resistance and the life of fatigue enhanced in the RE - heavy rails steel were discussed.Progress in study of application of rare earth metals in steels (including weather resistance steel, low alloy steel, and heavy rails steel) was covered in this paper.     

碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响

 研究了碳含量不同和显微组织不同的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为,并和商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi做了相应的比较。在碳含量比较低的情况下,组织类型对试验钢的耐蚀性影响不大;碳含量比较高时,单相贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体(珠光体)等构成的复相组织钢。轧后水冷时,不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大;轧后空冷时,碳含量低的钢的耐蚀性优于碳含量较高的钢。用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察,可以看出耐蚀性较好的试样在腐蚀后期形成了较致密的内锈层。碳的质量分数分别为0.03%和0.1%的钢水冷后的平均腐蚀速率相差很小,但从微观角度看其点蚀发展趋势不同。加速腐蚀5个周期后,w(C)为003%的水冷钢中蚀坑尺寸不再增加,而w(C)为01%的钢中蚀坑尺寸仍有增加趋势。     

夹杂物对Cr-Ni系高强度钢耐蚀性能的影响

对比研究了2种Cr-Ni系高强度钢在人造海水条件下耐蚀性能差异,采用ASPEX自动扫描电镜分析了钢中夹杂物种类、数量和分布,利用金相显微镜对夹杂物引发腐蚀的过程开展了原位分析,并利用扫描电镜(SEM),观察了腐蚀后样品的微观形貌。全浸腐蚀实验结果表明,A钢虽然合金含量较高,但其腐蚀速率要大于B钢;夹杂物分析及其原位腐蚀实验研究表明,B钢通过Ca处理获得了良好的夹杂物改性效果,将钢中对耐蚀性提高不利的MnS夹杂物改性为CaS复合夹杂物,降低了B钢的点蚀敏感性,提高了B钢的耐蚀性能。     

稀土对碳素钢在模拟工业性大气腐蚀环境下耐蚀性的影响

 利用浸泡、电化学方法研究了Ce/La混和稀土对碳素钢在腐蚀介质中的缓蚀作用,采用相分析、周浸、锈层分析等方法研究了稀土对碳素钢耐工业性大气腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：在模拟工业性大气腐蚀环境的酸性NaHSO3溶液中,稀土丝分解后生成的稀土离子是一种混合型缓蚀剂;在对碳素钢的缓蚀过程中,Ce/La离子沉积于同一区域;随钢中稀土含量增加,钢中相界固溶稀土和稀土/铁金属间化合物总量增加,钢的耐蚀性得到大幅度提高。另外,还对稀土减缓钢铁腐蚀过程进行了讨论,提出了稀土对碳素钢的缓蚀机理。     

Pitting corrosion behavior of cerium treated HSLA steel induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

Pitting corrosion behavior of Ce treated HSLA steels induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization and immersion corrosion test.The results show that Ce added steels exhibit better pitting corrosion resistance with lower corrosion current density and bigger pitting potential compared with steel without Ce,which is mainly attributed to optimized characteristics of spherical Ce-oxysulfide inclusions with less number density,smaller average size and lower pitting corrosion susceptibility.The spherical Ce₂O₂ S inclusions precipitated on the surface of CeAlO₃ inclusions in the Ce added steels induce pits with bigger opening mouth and shallow depth,reducing their tendency of extension to go deeper due to occlusion corrosion battery in the pitting holes.Furthermore,corrosion inhibitor Ce(OH)₃ generated by Ce₂O₂ S hydration can weaken electrochemical corrosion of the matrix micro-region around the pits.To avoid harmful bigger inclusions,Ce content in steels should be regulated within reasonable range,0.015 wt% Ce in present steels effectively modified inclusions to acquire the best pitting corrosion resistance of the steels.     

高氮耐候钢锈层的电化学与物相表征

为了考察氮元素对耐候钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,研究制备了氮质量分数分别为0.0358%和0.0026%的高氮耐候钢和低氮耐候钢。应用电化学阻抗谱和X射线衍射(XRD)分析、电子探针(EPMA)面扫描技术研究了两种实验钢在模拟工业大气溶液中腐蚀电化学过程和锈层结构的异同。电化学阻抗谱显示,高氮耐候钢在高频段(点蚀诱发期)比传统耐候钢有着更加优良的耐点蚀能力,低频段(扩散型阻抗生成期)则显示腐蚀产物层具有更高的阻抗,抵御腐蚀介质侵蚀的能力较强。X射线衍射和电子探针分析结果表明耐候钢高氮含量促进了稳定结构锈层生成,锈层中非晶态α-(Fe_1-xCr_x)OOH的分布更广泛、连续,提升了耐候钢抵御Cl^-侵入的能力。高氮钢腐蚀坑具有大宽深比的特征,内锈层较薄,证明其具有良好的抑制点蚀能力。     

超级高氮奥氏体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能及氮的影响

用电化学测试、化学浸泡等方法研究了超级奥氏体不锈钢00Cr24Ni22Mo7Mn3CuN(654SMO)的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的性能。通过改变氮含量,研究了氮对奥氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀性能的影响,结果表明,氮和适量的铬、钼结合,能显提高奥氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀的能力,并且随着氮含量的增国,砥体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的能力也增强,对比实验表明,超级奥氏体不锈钢在耐点腐蚀,缝隙腐蚀等局部腐蚀性能方面可以和镍基合金C－276媲美,甚至优于镍基合金。     

445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢和316L超低碳奥氏体不锈钢在溴化锂溶液的点蚀分析

445J2铁素体不锈钢由于高的导热率、低的热膨胀系数以及良好的耐蚀性能使得其作为溴冷机中一些部件的良好候选材料,本文采用电化学测试方法对比研究了445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢(/%:0.01C,22.5Cr, 1.9Mo, 0.27Nb, 0.20Ti, 0.09Al, 0.36Cu, 0.015P,0.001S,0.015N)和316L奥氏体不锈钢(/%:0.002C,16.8Cr, 10.19Ni, 2.02Mo, 0.025P,0.0008S)在20～60℃0.1～1M的溴化锂溶液中的点蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对电化学结果进行表征。结果表明,随着LiBr温度和浓度的升高,两种钢腐蚀电流密度增大,点蚀电位降低,耐点蚀性变差;氧化物和硫化物夹杂会引起两种钢的点蚀;高含量的Cr以及Mo、Ti、Nb、Al等合金元素使445J2钢具有优异的耐点蚀性能。     

Role of non-metallic inclusions in heat-treated steels for sour environment

Sulphide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) studies on a set of three steels with different inclusion morphologies were conducted. Effect of heat treatment of the steels with and without rare-earth metal (RE) treatment upon SSCC resistance was studied. Threshold stress, corrosion rate and hydrogen content in the steels were determined. Quenched and tempered structure was found to improve the SSCC resistance only when the steel is RE treated. Corrosion rate and hydrogen content in the steels were found to decrease as the inclusion morphology is changed from elongated stringers to globular shape, which improves the SSCC resistance.     

稀土钇对管线钢耐蚀性和物理化学行为的影响

试验管线钢（/%:0.04~0.05C,0.20~0.24Si,1.80~1.88Mn,0.010~0.012P,0.004~0.005S,0.27~0.30Cr,0.42~0.46Ni,0.24~0.28Mo,0.20Cu,0.005V,0~0.017Y,0.0031~0.0053O）由10 kg感应炉熔炼,并轧成试棒。采用扫描电镜和能谱仪、电化学技术以及热力学计算的方法研究了稀土钇对管线钢在模拟海水溶液（3.5%NaCl）中抗腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,稀土可以对钢中夹杂产生变质作用,将大尺寸、尖角状的Al₂O₃夹杂变质为小尺寸、球状的稀土复合夹杂,所以有利于形成连续致密的内锈层,减少钢基的点蚀源,从而提高钢的抗腐蚀性能。     

稀土对Cu-Ni-Al合金耐冲刷腐蚀性能的影响

在冲蚀试验机上模拟了耐蚀Cu-Ni-Al合金在人工海水冲刷作用下的腐蚀情况,分析了不同冲刷时间、不同海水流速下Cu-Ni-Al合金的腐蚀行为,重点研究了稀土元素对Cu-Ni-Al合金耐海水冲刷腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,冲刷腐蚀96 h以前,腐蚀速率随着时间延长逐渐降低,96 h以后趋于稳定;海水流速对合金的腐蚀速率影响较大,5.0 m/s流速下合金腐蚀速率比1.5 m/s流速下高;相同冲刷时间和海水流速下,添加稀土后的合金腐蚀速率明显低于不添加稀土元素;1.5 m/s流速下冲刷168 h,稀土含量(质量分数)0.014 6%和0.035 2%的合金比不加稀土的合金腐蚀速率分别降低了2%和5%,在5.0 m/s流速下冲刷168 h后腐蚀速率分别降低了4%和43%;稀土添加后合金在腐蚀过程中表面钝化加快,合金的腐蚀速率降低较快,合金钝化膜质量更好.     

海洋大气环境下低碳稀土钢耐腐蚀性能的研究

通过大气暴晒实验研究了海洋大气环境下低碳钢和稀土钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明,稀土元素有利于提高碳钢耐海洋大气的腐蚀性能.采用SEM、XRD以及电化学方法对腐蚀产物进行研究.发现稀土钢锈层组织缺陷较少,能有效阻挡腐蚀性离子侵入.稀土可以促进腐蚀产物中活性物相向α - FeOOH转化,并能细化锈颗粒,提高铁锈中非晶相比例.     

稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层组织与耐蚀性能的影响

通过熔炼—雾化工艺制备了稀土铁基自熔合金粉末,并考察了稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层的显微组织及其在弱酸、中性盐溶液中耐蚀性能的影响。采用金相显微镜、SEM、EDAX对合金喷焊层的物相结构、显微组织进行了观察和分析。在实验结果的基础上,对稀土的有关作用机制进行了分析和讨论。     

稀土和铬对铁基自熔合金涂层耐蚀性的影响

本研究着眼于考察稀土和合金成分对铁基自熔合金涂层的耐蚀性的影响,对不同成分的合金涂层进行了三酸一盐的浸蚀试验。结果表明在硫酸和硝酸溶液中,稀土的添加对合金涂层的耐蚀性有利,但在盐酸和氯化钠溶液中,稀土的添加对合金涂层耐蚀性无益。铬含量高的铁基自熔合金涂层在硝酸溶液中有优良的耐蚀性,但在硫酸和盐酸中的耐蚀性不如铬含量低的铁基自熔合金涂层。文中分析了不同合金在试验中的不同表现的原因,进而为铁基自熔合金的进一步工业应用提供有用的信息。     

大气腐蚀下耐候钢的初期行为规律

 研究了耐候钢在40 ℃ 和100%RH高温高湿环境中初期大气腐蚀行为规律。结果表明,耐候钢初期大气腐蚀行为符合幂函数规律,随着Cu含量的增加,代表腐蚀发展趋势的n值减小,说明Cu有助于减缓耐候钢的腐蚀发展趋势。通过SEM扫描电镜和显微激光拉曼光谱分析模拟大气腐蚀初期腐蚀产物的形成和发展得知,在大气腐蚀初期,腐蚀产物形貌为团状和链状,团状腐蚀产物主要由γ Fe2O3和γ FeOOH构成,而链状腐蚀产物为α FeOOH。     

稀土铈对22MnCrNiMo钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究稀土对系泊链钢耐蚀性能的影响，冶炼铈含量不同的稀土系泊链钢，利用稀土在钢中的有利作用,力求进一步提高系泊链钢的耐蚀性能。试验用22MnCrNiMo稀土钢由10 kg真空感应炉冶炼，热轧成17 mm板坯，经930 °C二次淬火加620 °C回火处理，通过质量法、极化曲线法和交流阻抗法研究铈对22MnCrNiMo钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，添加稀土铈后，不同铈含量试验钢的抗腐蚀性能均有所提高，钢中铈的最佳质量分数为0.143%。此含量下，试验钢组织的均一性最佳，钢中夹杂转变为稳定性高的稀土类球状夹杂，使得试验钢在任一浸泡周期内的腐蚀速率均为最小，除锈后的腐蚀痕迹最轻；容抗弧半径达到最大，即反应电阻到达最大；阳极极化曲线位于其他试验钢阳极极化曲线的左边，即阳极电流密度变小，反应阻力增大。所以铈可以提高22MnCrNiMo钢耐腐蚀性能，当钢中铈的质量分数为0.143%时，试验钢的抗腐蚀性能表现最佳。