用户间UWB脉冲相互正交的M状态PPM超宽带系统

UWB(超宽带)系统中各用户通常使用同一种UWB脉冲发送数据,当系统采用PPM(脉位调制)时,由于存在多用户干扰,系统一般为二状态PPM而很少采用M(>2)状态PPM方式,同时为提高接收信噪比,系统一般发送多个UWB脉冲调制1比特数据。该文根据正交函数的特性,提出了一种基于正交UWB脉冲的M状态PPM超宽带系统,系统中每个用户使用的UWB脉冲互不相同,而且用户间的UWB脉冲是相互正交的,在系统实现时隙同步的基础上,系统可完全消除多用户干扰,极大地提高了用户速率。     

用户UWB脉冲相互正交的M状态PPM超宽带系统

UWB(超宽带)系统中各用户通常使用同一种UWB脉冲发送数据,当系统采用PPM(脉位调制)时,由于存在多用户干扰,系统一般为二状态PPM而很少采用M(>2)状态PPM方式,同时为提高接收信噪比,系统一般发送多个UWB脉冲调制1比特数据。该文根据正交函数的特性,提出了一种基于正交UWB脉冲的M状态PPM超宽带系统,系统中每个用户使用的UWB脉冲互不相同,而且用户间的UWB脉冲是相互正交的,在系统实现时隙同步的基础上,系统可完全消除多用户干扰,极大地提高了用户速率。     

基于信道辨识的非相干超宽带同步方法

超宽带是通信领域的新技术,使用纳秒级短脉冲承载信息,其同步一直是研究的热点。针对超宽带系统对同步要求高度准确的特点,结合现有同步方法,借助信道辨识,使用非相干超宽带系统,提出了一种更有效的同步方法。在标准的IEEE802.15.4a信道环境下,通过信道辨识,对脉冲展宽与同步性能的关系进行了探讨。最后的仿真实验表明,该方法是一种有效的同步方法。     

各用户使用不同正交函数的超宽带系统

超宽带(UWB:Ultra Wide Band)系统中各用户通常使用同一种UWB脉冲发送数据,根据Hermite函数的正交特性,提出了一种基于正交UWB脉冲的TH-SS PPM超宽带系统。系统中每个用户使用不同的修正Hermite函数作为UWB脉冲,用户间的UWB脉冲是相互正交的。该系统的多用户干扰小于各用户使用同一种UWB脉冲的TH-SS PPM超宽带系统,提高了系统的误码率性能,使系统具有更低的误码率。     

基于正交UWB脉冲的TH-BPSK超宽带系统

超宽带(UWB)系统通常使用一种UWB脉冲发送数据,本文根据正交函数的特性,提出了一种基于正交UWB脉冲的TH-BPSK超宽带系统,它可以在一帧内传送多个UWB脉冲,提高了系统的传输速率。本文详细说明了系统的组成及工作原理,分析了系统性能。计算机仿真和理论计算结果表明：与仅使用一种UWB脉冲的TH-BPSK超宽带系统相比,在相同的用户数、信噪比和跳时序列条件下,本文提出的系统具有更低的误码率(BER)、更高的传输速率。     

超宽带时域近距离高分辨ISAR成像

近距离目标超高分辨率微波成像技术在安全检测、非破坏性控制、生物医学等领域中有着非常重要的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。该文利用基于窄脉冲形式的超宽带时域雷达系统研究近距离目标的高分辨率ISAR成像,给出了仿真和实测结果。利用转台旋转目标,基于超宽带脉冲源和超宽带收发天线以及高性能取样示波器,配以同步触发脉冲和自行研发的数据采集软件,搭建了该时域雷达实验系统,提出了准确获取目标回波信息的实验条件,和实现回波延时精确校正的误差补偿方法。并针对采样时间窗内的杂波干扰,讨论了时域后向投影算法(Back Projection,BP)与背景对消技术相结合的成像算法,实现了分辨率为8 mm的近距离目标的成像,准确地反映了目标的位置、形状和大小等信息。     

基于正交PSWF的DS-BPSK多址调制方法

针对现有的多址超宽带系统中多用户干扰严重的问题,提出了一种使用正交椭圆球面波函数(PSWF)脉冲的直扩二进制移相键控(DS-BPSK)多址调制方法。该方法中每个用户使用的脉冲是相互正交的,当系统同步良好时,接收机可以完全消除多用户干扰,从而显著提高系统的误码率(BER)性能。同时,PSWF脉冲具有频谱灵活可控性,可使该系统满足美国联邦通讯委员会(FCC)频谱掩膜条件。仿真结果表明,与使用单一脉冲的DS-BPSK多址调制相比,该方法能有效降低系统BER,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。     

高速UWB-PPM信号传输的并行捕获与检测技术

高速(≥100 Mbit/s)超宽带一脉冲位置调制(UWB-PPM)信号传输是实现超宽带(UWB)室内通信的关键技术.文章结合UWB二元脉冲位置调制(PPM)的信号特征,采用多个并行积分器捕获簇脉冲能量取得快速同步,同时完成PPM的射频同步检测.系统传输试验与系统仿真表明,这种检测方式在室内多径信道下有良好的抗码间干扰能力.     

基于Polycycle信号的干扰抑制UWB自适应脉冲设计

 针对认知超宽带与现存窄带系统干扰问题,采用Polycycle信号作为超宽带原始脉冲,使用Hermite矩阵特征向量方法设计了认知超宽带自适应脉冲,实现了干扰抑制.仿真结果表明,提出的自适应脉冲功率谱密度分布符合FCC室内和室外频谱规范,实现了自适应频段陷波.基于PAM-TH UWB系统性能分析表明自适应脉冲具有较强的多用户干扰和窄带干扰抑制能力.     

超宽带无线通信与声表面波宽带信号处理技术

介绍了超宽带(UWB)无线通信的技术及特点,与传统窄带无线系统进行了性能比较,指出了超宽带无线通信四大关键技术是:超宽带无线通信脉冲信号的波形设计;超宽带无线通信脉冲信号编码与调制方式;超宽带无线通信信号的检测;超宽带无线通信系统中的同步捕获技术;分析了超宽带尤线通信系统军用的潜在市场,最后阐述了SAW宽带信号处理技术在UWB通信系统中的应用.     

UWB Multiple Access Communication System

Recently, the emerging Ultra-Wideband (UWB) impulse technology has found numerous applications in the civil as well as the military sectors. In this paper, an UWB multi-user communication system is studied. In a previous work, two systems (DS–CDMA–UWB and Gegenbauer–UWB) were compared in a rather simple case: only two users were considered, and a perfect synchronization between each receiver and transmitter for the two users was assumed. In the present paper, a more general case is studied. Different synchronous (different users detected at the same time or with constant delays) and asynchronous (each user transmitting independantly of other) scenarios are introduced. The interferences between users are also taken into account (for two users and more). Two systems are described and analyzed and their performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER), synchronization errors and users interference is studied by simulation. The first system, which is only based on orthogonal UWB waveforms called Modified Gegenbauer functions (MGF), gives a satisfactory multi-user detection in the synchronous case only. The second one uses an hybrid coding technique: an UWB orthogonal coding is associated to a spread spectrum DS–CDMA (Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access) technique (in fact a combination of the two systems sudied in the previous work). This allows an efficient multi-user detection in the asynchronous case.     

Residue number system assisted fast frequency-hopped synchronous ultra-wideband spread-spectrum multiple-access: a design alternative to impulse radio

Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems having a bandwidth on the order of gigahertz have received wide attention both in the US and in Europe. The family of UWB systems may communicate either, by generating ultra-wideband signals or with the aid of innovatively combining conventional narrowband, wideband, or broadband signals. At the time of writing, UWB systems have only been implemented using ultra-wideband signals, such as those known from impulse radio systems. Hence, in this paper, UWB systems using narrowband signals are explored as a design alternative, which are based on the well-known family of frequency-hopping (FH) spread-spectrum multiple-access techniques. In the proposed UWB system, FH is implemented using multistage frequency-hopping multiple access (MS/UWB FHMA). We highlight the principles of the synchronous MS/UWB FHMA communication system, investigate the associated spectrum assignment, and the residue number system (RNS) based FH strategy: detection of the received signal can be achieved with the aid of existing fast FH signal detection schemes. Our study shows that the RNS assisted FH strategy is capable of efficiently dividing the huge number of users supported by the synchronous MS/UWB FHMA system into a number of reduced-size user groups, where the multiuser interference only affects the users within the same group. Since the number of users in each group is only a small fraction of the total number of users supported by the synchronous MS/UWB FHMA system, advanced multiuser detection algorithms can be employed for achieving near-single-user performance at an acceptable complexity. Our results show that MS/UWB FHMA is capable of supporting an extremely high number of users, while employing relatively simple receivers.     

一站固定低频UWB BiSAR时间同步误差分析

时间同步技术是双基地SAR系统的关键技术之一.结合一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR系统的工作特点,研究了其时间同步误差产生机理.在考虑了不同形式时间同步误差分量的基础上,分别建立了时间同步误差模型,从理论上推导分析了时间同步误差对一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR成像质量的影响,并给出了量化的同步指标.最后通过仿真验证了理论分析的准确性.工作结果对于一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR系统设计及同步方法的工程实践提供有力支撑.     

On the performance of a rapid synchronization algorithm for IR‐UWB receivers

Because of the very low signal duty cycles, synchronization is the most critical issue in ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR) systems. Some effective synchronization schemes like a symbol‐differential (SD) IR‐UWB receiver have been proposed to synchronize received signals rapidly. Yet, SD IR‐UWB receiver is unsuitable for operation in multi‐user environment because of multiple access interference (MAI). By taking advantage of frame‐differential IR‐UWB receivers, we propose a parallel frame‐differential (PFD) IR‐UWB receiver to do so. Our proposed PFD IR‐UWB receiver manifests better immunity against message passing interface and MAI than the SD IR‐UWB. Based on this PFD IR‐UWB receiver, uncertain (search) regions are limited to one frame duration without any symbol‐level synchronization process. Performance of PFD and SD receivers are compared by computer simulations, showing that the proposed PFD receiver not only achieves significant bit error rate performance but also better and more robust results than the SD receiver in this literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A NEW SYNCHRONIZATION SCHEME USING PERFECT PUNCTURED BINARY SEQUENCE PAIRS IN DS-UWB SYSTEM

Ultra WideBand （UWB） radio is a new wireless technology that transmits extremely short duration radio impulses. In this paper, a new synchronization scheme is proposed in Direct Sequence （DS） UWB system using Perfect Punctured Binary Sequence Pairs （PPBSP） as the preamble. It can acquire both Pseudo- Noise （PN） sequence and frame synchronization at the same time. The properties and the combinatorial admissibility conditions of PPBSP are presented. The simulation results show that PPBSP is good for synchronization by their good cross-correlation properties both under Additive White Gaussian Noise （AWGN） channel and modified Saleh-Valenzuela channel.     

An Adaptive Timing Synchronization Scheme for Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Based Ultra-Wideband Communication Systems

This article deals with a new energy based adaptive timing synchronization scheme (ATS) which estimates the symbol timing information within two (2) OFDM symbols and updates the information with different frequency bands (adaptive in sense) in a multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) based system. The new approach provides significant improvement in system performance for high delay spread ultra-wideband (UWB) channel model (CM) environments where fast and low-complexity timing synchronization is a critical issue. This paper also addresses a crucial aspect of UWB channel which is frequency dependent delay characteristics. This effect contributes to different dispersion and timing shift of an UWB signal for different frequency bands. In this work, the wideband channel delay characteristics are studied and delay parameters are found considerably different over frequency bands 3.1–4.6 GHz. Based on this observation, the ATS which estimates and maintains the timing delays of each band separately is presented. The performance of ATS algorithm is measured by mean-squared error (MSE), synchronization probability, signal to interference ratio (SIR) reduction due to synchronization errors and bit error rate (BER) through the computer simulation for several UWB CM environments CM2–CM4. Each of these UWB CMs is simulated for 100,000 noisy channel realizations for both coded and uncoded MB-OFDM system. It is shown that ATS gives signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of 1.1 dB at BER of 1 × 10⁻³, 1.2 dB at BER of 2 × 10⁻⁴, and 0.7 dB at BER of 2 × 10⁻⁴ for CM4, CM3, and CM2 respectively for coded MB-OFDM system over a non-adaptive synchronization scheme [Yak et al., Proceedings of IEEE PIMRC, Berlin, Germany, vol 1, pp 471–475, September 11–14, 2005].     

Performance analysis of non-coherent UWB receivers at different synchronization levels

Non-coherent ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers require no channel state information for demodulating the received signal. The primary non-coherent receiver in the UWB literature is the autocorrelation receiver, which autocorrelates the received signal at specific time lags, circumventing problems of template signal design and multipath energy combining. A unique advantage of the UWB autocorrelation receiver is its robustness to synchronization errors, which has not been explored yet to date. This paper investigates two major UWB schemes employing autocorrelation receivers: the transmitted reference (TR) scheme (R. Hoctor and H. Tomlinson, 2002) and the differential (DF) scheme (M. Ho et al., 2002). Performance is analyzed for TR and DF receivers at different synchronization accuracy levels, their robustness to synchronization errors is shown, and the existence of a tradeoff between performance and synchronization complexity for non-coherent UWB receivers is revealed. As a result of our analysis, comparisons of TR and DF schemes are also made in the presence of synchronization errors, which have not been addressed before. Simulations corroborate our findings.     

正交Hermite脉冲的超宽带的多用户通信

正交Hermite脉冲被提出用于超宽带无线通信。该文提出新方法用于超宽带通信的多用户传输系统。通过同时传输多个正交Hermie脉冲,超宽带多用户传输系统可以获得好的性能特征。该文还提出了正交Hermite脉冲应用于UWB的DS-CDMA系统以同时支持更多的用户通信。