PTT/PET并列复合短纤维的卷曲和拉伸性能研究

对毛型聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)并列复合短纤维进行卷曲和拉伸性能测试,对比分析了PTT/PET复合短纤、PTT/PET复合长丝和羊毛纤维的卷曲形态及卷曲性能,并通过实验探明处理PTT/PET短纤维的最佳时间和温度。实验结果表明,PTT/PET短纤的卷曲性能随温度的升高而变优,90℃时达到最佳,处理时间达到15min时,可使复合纤维卷曲性能达最佳状态。经过湿热处理后,PTT/PET并列复合短纤单位长度内的卷曲数明显增大,卷曲半径减小,三维卷曲形态更加明显。经过热处理的纤维,断裂强度和弹性模量下降,断裂伸长率增加。     

拉伸工艺对PET/PTT复合纤维性能的影响

以310 dtex/48 f聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)复合预向丝为原料,经拉伸后得到PET/PTT复合纤维,探讨了拉伸工艺对PET/PTT复合纤维力学性能和卷曲性能的影响。结果表明:在卷绕速度为500 m/min,拉伸温度160℃,热定型温度150℃的条件下,随着拉伸倍数的增加,PET/PTT复合纤维的断裂强度、沸水收缩率、卷曲收缩率明显提高,断裂伸长率呈下降趋势,卷曲稳定度变化不明显;拉伸温度和热定型温度对PET/PTT复合纤维力学性能和卷曲性能的影响相对较小;拉伸过程中,控制拉伸倍数为1.95～2.00,拉伸温度为140～160℃,热定型温度为130～170℃,PET/PTT复合纤维性能较好。     

PTT/PET并列复合纤维的断裂机理分析和断裂强度估算

测试了2个系列6种聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)并列复合纤维的应力-应变曲线和断口形态、二组分结合特征,分析了该类纤维的断裂机理,结果表明,复合纤维中两组分高聚物的断裂同时性较强,PTT组分会在PET组分断裂后立即断裂,不能显示其单组分纤维的高延伸性。根据力的合成原理,推导出PTT/PET复合纤维的断裂强度表达式,可用于估算不同组分比复合纤维的断裂强度;又用三种工业化纤维验证表明纤维的理论计算强度与实测强度的最大差异小于15%。     

纺丝工艺对PET/PTT复合纤维性能的影响

将不同黏度的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)与聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)按质量比40∶60进行混合,通过熔融复合纺丝、拉伸制得PET/PTT复合纤维,研究了纺丝工艺对纤维力学性能以及卷曲弹性的影响。结果表明:随着PET与PTT的特性黏数差由0.12 d L/g增加至0.54 d L/g,PET/PTT复合纤维的断裂强度和初始模量下降,断裂伸长率增加;随着拉伸比由2.5增加至4.5以及拉伸辊温度由120℃升高至150℃,PET/PTT复合纤维的断裂强度增加,断裂伸长率降低,卷曲性能增加,弹性增大。     

干湿热处理对PET/PTT纤维结构与性能的影响

通过对167dtex和111dtex聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)双组分复合纤维的卷曲率、拉伸性能、声速取向及外观形态的测试,研究了干湿热处理对纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明:经干、湿热处理后,纤维的断裂强度、声速值较处理前有显著下降,而卷曲率和断裂伸长率则明显著上升;湿热处理较干热处理对PET/PTT复合纤维断裂强度的影响较小。     

PTT/PA6拉伸丝的形态与性能的研究

考察了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/聚酰胺6(PTT/PA6)拉伸丝的形态,测试了其线密度、断裂强度、回潮率、热收缩率及卷曲性能,并与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚酰胺6(PET/PA6)拉伸丝进行了对比.结果表明:PTT/PA6拉伸丝横截面为橘瓣型,裂离后为三角形.PTT/PA6拉伸丝的断裂强度、断裂功和卷曲收缩率随纺丝速度的增加...     

共混聚酯与纳米蒙脱土复合物的流变性能

采用RH2000型毛细管流变仪对熔融共混制备的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)/聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)与纳米蒙脱土(MMT)复合物的流变性能进行了研究.结果表明:PET/PTT共混熔体及PET/PTT/MMT复合物熔体均为假塑性流体;复合物熔体的零切黏度(η0)小于PET/PTT共混熔体的η0,MMT的加入起到增塑剂作用;复合物熔体的黏流活化能高于PET/PTT熔体的黏流活化能,说明对PET/PTT/MMT复合物熔体而言,更适合使用调节温度的方法来控制其流动性.     

PTT/PET自卷曲长丝的拉伸和弹性回复性能

对相同细度的3种聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（PTT）／聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）自巷曲长丝进行拉伸性能和定伸长回复性能测试。测试结果表明：PTT/PET自卷曲长丝拉伸曲线具有典型的两个阶段和两个屈服点的特征,预加张力的大小对于伸长率的测试结果影响很大;卷曲伸长对该类长丝较高的伸长率有较大贡献,经过湿热处理后的长丝卷曲伸长和断裂伸长明显增加,但是不同的PTT／PET自卷曲长丝的伸长能力有一定差异;PTT/PET自卷曲长丝的弹性回复性能低于纯PTT长丝,而高于PET长丝,弹性回复性主要来源于具有优异弹性回复性的PTT大分子链结构;热处理的PTT/PET长丝在高定伸长率下有着较好的弹性回复性,在定长为30％时的弹性回复率接近100％。     

大直径PTT/PET皮芯型复合纤维的性能研究

采用一定比例的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)进行复合纺丝纺制以PTT为皮,PET为芯的大直径PTT/PET皮芯型复合纤维,研究了熔体温度、冷却水温度、复合比对PTT/PET复合纤维力学性能和弹性回复性能的影响。结果表明:较佳的PTT和PET的熔体温度分别为265℃和285℃,冷却水温度为50～60℃,PTT/PET质量比为50/50;随着PTT含量增加,PTT/PET复合纤维的断裂强度降低,断裂伸长率增加,弹性回复率增大。     

PET/PTT并列复合纤维生产工艺探讨

探讨了150 dtex/48 f聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)双组分并列预取向丝(POY)的生产工艺.结果表明:选择特殊设计的纺丝组件,喷丝板的长径比大于2,孔形为花生形,选用特性黏数为0.53 dL/g的PET和特性黏数为1.02 dL/g的PTT切片质量比为50/50,PET的纺丝温...     

木棉/涤纶混纺纱的工艺开发

为研究木棉纤维的纺纱性能,将木棉纤维与常用涤纶混合,不用开清棉工序,根据木棉纤维的吸水亲油性,将和毛工序运用到棉纺系统中,加入和毛油水,提高了木棉的韧性和抱合力,减小了飞花,在数字化纺纱小样机上成功纺出木棉与涤纶30/70、40/60二种质量比的混纺纱,并提出在实际生产中出现的问题及解决方法。结果表明:和毛油对提高木棉纤维的可纺性有一定的作用。     

K‐M theory of fabric knitted by three‐channel rotor spun wool yarn

Two‐component and three‐component color blended yarns were spun by red, yellow, and blue wool slivers using a three‐channel rotor spun machine, and the corresponding plain fabrics were knitted. The color‐matching models of K‐M theory were built with the relative method and the least squares method, respectively. Colors and blending ratios of the fabrics were predicted by the model. The results showed that the average color differences of the samples predicted by the two methods are both about 1.0 and the mean value of the proportional error is below 3%. The least squares method has a better color‐matching effect for the three‐component sample, and the relative value method has better color‐matching results for the two‐component sample. When the tolerance range is 2.0, the pass rates of the samples predicted by either the relative value method or the least squares method reach 100%.     

羊毛混纺织物的染色

羊毛混纺织物兼容多组分纤维的性能,优点明显,但是染色工艺复杂,成本较贵.因此,研究开发新型染料及新型染色方法对羊毛混纺织物的染色具有重要意义.本文综述了羊毛/腈纶、羊毛/锦纶、羊毛/蚕丝、羊毛/Tencel等羊毛混纺织物的染色现状及进展.     

基于近红外光谱法快速检测毛涤织物中的纤维含量

为提高纺织面料成分的检测水平和分析速度,以134个毛涤混纺织物为研究对象,自行设计采样装置,采集其近红外光谱;然后,经一阶导数等光谱预处理方法,结合偏最小二乘法,建立了毛涤混纺织物中毛含量近红外的定量校正模型。为验证模型的实用性,对129个毛涤样品进行了预测,将预测结果进行方差分析,得到该方法与标准SN/T 0464-2003方法的结果不存在显著性差异的结论,并据此制定了纺织品原料组分近红外快速检测初筛方法的标准操作规程,经实际应用证明效果显著。     

Structural investigation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) transesterificated blends

Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering analyses were carried out to evaluate the evolution of the crystalline and supermolecular structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blended with poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT). The conditions adopted in preparing the PET/PTT 50/50 blend induce transesterification between the polyesters; these reactions produce a new molecular characteristics based on PET/PTT copolymer that exhibits its own WAXD profile. The PET/PTT 50/50 copolymers prepared by melt mixing of the homopolymers for increasing times evidence spherulitic morphology and an evolution of the crystalline structure in terms of crystallinity and crystal dimensions. The periodicity of the transesterificated samples is intermediate between the long periods observed for pure PET and pure PTT. For the PET/PTT 50/50 copolymers the value of periodicity and lamellar thickness increase with the increasing of the processing time.     

混纺比对毛涤混纺织物性能的影响分析

毛涤混纺织物挺括、耐磨、抗皱、保型,但涤纶含量过多织物会显硬板、不丰满、容易起毛起球等。为了分析毛涤混纺比对织物性能的影响,测试了四种不同混纺比的毛涤混纺织物的悬垂性、抗折皱回复性、抗起毛起球性等。结果显示:在不影响织物外观性能和舒适感的条件下,随着涤纶含量的增加,毛涤混纺织物的耐磨性增强,抗折皱回复性能变好,但同时也会在一定程度上造成织物的起毛起球现象加重,悬垂性变差。     

Tensile fatigue,stress relaxation,and creep behaviors of worsted core spun yarns

The objective of this research was to investigate the time‐dependent behaviors of yarns, which have significant bearings upon the properties of stretch fabrics made from them. In this study, 100% wool, wool–lycra (W‐L) (97 : 3), and polyester–wool–lycra (P‐W‐L) (52 : 45 : 3) blended yarns were considered. These yarns were subjected to the tensile fatigue failure, stress relaxation, and creep experiments. The findings showed that of these three yarns, P‐W‐L blend exhibited maximum fatigue lifetime, stress retention, and creep recovery, the pure wool yarn followed suit albeit to a lesser extent, whereas the W‐L blend made it least. The investigation suggests that wool alone with lycra as a core component is not sufficient to impart the expected properties upon stretch fabrics, rather a blend of polyester and wool with lycra as in the former would definitely make a worthwhile product. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011