粉煤灰-脱硫石膏水泥基材料水化活性及微结构

采用DTA—TG、XRD、SEM以及宏观水化收缩和强度试验等手段研究了粉煤灰一脱硫石膏一水泥三元复合胶凝体系的水化过程、活性效应及微观结构等,根据试验结果总结了复合胶凝材料的水化动力学过程。结果表明,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石的钙矾石吸热峰强于基准样;在各组分相互活性激发和外掺激发剂作用下,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石中2次水化效应明显;SEM、XRD表明水泥石早期有明显的钙矾石生成,同时粉煤灰颗粒的表面侵蚀现象明显,进一步说明复合胶凝体系的早期活性得到有效激发,硬化后综合性能得到有效保证。且宏观收缩及强度试验也从侧面印证了微观试验结果。粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥基复合胶凝材料体系的研发可大量消耗燃煤电厂的工业废渣,具有显著的“绿色”效应。     

Effects of Curing Temperature on Rheological Behaviour and Compressive Strength of Cement Containing GGBFS

The viscoplasticity and compressive strength of cement with high erosion performance were studied. The influences of curing temperature and content of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) on these performances of the medium heat cement(including high iron and low calcium phase) were also investigated. The results indicate that the medium heat cement with high iron phase can maintain better fluidity and low temperature sensitivity than that of ordinary Portland cement at high temperature. GGBFS can play an important role in improving the fluidity and stability of the slurry, and avoid the cement setting and hardening prematurely at high temperatures. The microstructure analysis shows that a large amount of CH with layer shape appear in the slurry. The amount of this gel layer in the slurry increased as the curing temperature elevated. The layer can make the cement stone structure more denser, so that the compressive strength of samples are enhanced in the later stage. When the medium heat cement contains 40% GGBFS, the system has the best flow performance and stability under high temperature environment, and can be applied to mass concrete with excessive internal temperature.     

Characterization of pozzolanic reaction and its effect on the C-S-H Gel in fly Ash-cement paste

High resolution solid-state ²⁹Si MAS NMR, combined with XRD, SEM and FTIR were used to characterize the pozzolanic activity of FA, type of main pozzolanic reaction products, and the effect of pozzolanic reaction on the C-S-H microstructure in fly ash-cement (FC) paste. The experimental results indicate that in the hydrated FC paste with 30% dosage of FA at 3 d, FA partially participated in the pozzolanic reaction, while, at 120 d, FA largely reacts. During the hydration of FC paste at laboratory temperature, the pozzolanic reaction products are C-S-H gel rather than zeolitic gel. Moreover, after the covalent bonds of Si-O-Si, Si-O-Al and Al-O-Al in the structure of FA are broken, monosilicates Si-OH and Al-OH groups form, these chemical species can connect C-S-H dimers, thus producing more Al-free C-S-H and aluminous C-S-H than in the plain cement paste. The increased content of Al for Si substitution in the bridging tetrahedra of C-S-H may decrease the stability of C-S-H, which results in a rather obvious loss in the mechanical strength of hardened FC paste.     

Variables Affecting the pH Measurement of Cement Mortars

A quantitative pH measuring method has been used to measure the pH of pure and blended cement mortars.The blended cement mortars incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash (FA),ground granulated ballast furnace slag (GGBFS) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) were used.Moreover,different variables affecting the pH values of CBMs such as temperature of sample solution,quantity of sample powder,dilution ratio and temporary storage of sample during pH measuring process have been studied for all cement mortars.     

Effects of clinker contents of different C3A and C4AF on the performance of PSC cement

Phosphogypsum-slag-clink (PSC) cement were prepared by original phosphogypsum(PG), which was grinded after dried at 60 °C combined with different contents of phosphogypsum (15%, 20%, 30%), and a small amount of different C₃A, C₄AF contents of finely ground cement clinker, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Physical mechanical and sugaring properties were studied. The results show that compressive strength of PSC cement with 20% phosphogypsum at 3 d ages would be higher than 17 MPa and even 50 MPa at 28 days. Compressive strength at longer curing stage and sugaring properties of PSC with lower content of C₃A higher C₄AF clinker were improved. pH value of PSC cement system at early stage was relatively low, and pH gradually increased with the addition of clinker. pH increased firstly and then decreased with the hydration stage. SEM analyses showed that the amount of ettringite, which was influenced by pH and content of Al, must be controlled in PSC cement system, which may cause damage to microstructure or even expansive cracks if large amount of ettringite formed in hardened paste.     

超临界碳化对水泥基材料性能和孔径结构的影响

为了考察超临界碳化技术在水泥基材料改性方面的应用,研究超临界碳化对水泥基材料微观和宏观性能的影响,基于此设计了超临界二氧化碳碳化试验研究水泥砂浆、水泥净浆和混凝土试件的碳化深度、强度、孔径分布以及二氧化碳吸收量的变化。试验分析表明,超临界碳化可以快速实现水泥基材料的碳化,大幅提高试件强度,改善材料的孔径分布,使材料的中细径孔大幅降低,提高材料的抗渗透能力,为改善重金属等危害废物的水泥基固化效果提供了依据。同时超临界碳化可以将大量二氧化碳转化在碳酸钙中沉淀吸收,具有重要的环境保护意义。     

Influence of specimen size on compression behavior of cement paste and mortar under high strain rates

Static and dynamic compression tests were carried out on mortar and paste specimens of three sizes(Ф68 mm×32 mm,Ф59 mm×29.5 mm and Ф32 mm×16 mm)to study the influence of specimen size on the compression behavior of cement-based materials under high strain rates.The static tests were applied using a universalservo-hydraulic system,and the dynamic tests were applied by a spilt Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system.The experimentalresults show that for mortar and paste specimens,the dynamic compressive strength is greater than the quasi-static one,and the dynamic compressive strength for specimens of large size is lower than those of smallsize.However,the dynamic increase factors(DIF)has an opposite trend.Obviously,both strain rate and size effect exist in mortar and paste.The test results were then analyzed using Weibull,Carpinteriand Ba?ant's size effect laws.A good agreement between these three laws and the test results was reached on the compressive strength.However,for the experimentalresults of paste and cement mortar,the size effect is not evident for the peak strain and elastic modulus of paste and cement mortar.     

负载纳米TiO2石英砂功能集料-水泥石的界面粘结性能

光催化水泥基材料是先进建筑功能材料的研究热点之一,但传统内掺法制备的TiO₂-水泥基复合材料中TiO₂有效利用率低、经济效益差。针对此问题,采用负载法制备纳米TiO₂功能集料（QST）,并将QST集料负载于普通水泥砂浆表面。研究QST集料对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响,通过拉拔法测试QST集料与水泥石的界面粘结力;采用SEM、EDS、MIP等微观测试方法,研究纳米TiO₂对集料-水泥石界面过渡区水化产物、孔结构的影响。结果表明：与普通石英砂集料相比,表面负载纳米TiO₂的石英砂功能集料可减少水泥砂浆的干缩,提高集料-水泥石的界面粘结力。在QST集料-水泥石的界面过渡区,纳米TiO₂促进了水泥浆体的水化,减少了界面过渡区Ca(OH)₂的富集,细化并改善了界面过渡区的孔结构。     

硅灰对水泥净浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的改善作用

将水泥净浆试件在5%Na2SO4溶液中长期浸泡,用试件强度随浸泡时间的变化和试件中物相的XRD分析,研究了硅灰对水泥净浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响.在Na2SO4溶液侵蚀下,普通硅酸盐水泥净浆试件强度随浸泡时间先增长,然后急剧降低;外观和XRD相分析表明,其原因是由于形成了膨胀性钙矾石,造成试件开裂破坏;加入硅灰的水泥净浆试件强度损失明显减小,尤其是抗折强度没有降低,其抵抗强度下降系数还略有增加;原因是由于硅灰的稀释作用和火山灰效应减少了水泥净浆中Ca(OH)2的量,从而降低了水泥净浆试件在硫酸盐溶液侵蚀下形成的膨胀性钙矾石的量.因而,硅灰对水泥混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能有改善作用.     

超细矿物粉对C70混凝土性能的改善

研究了C70混凝土中掺加超细粉煤灰与超细矿渣后其工作性、抗压强度及抗渗性的改善,认为合理掺加超细粉煤灰与超细矿渣取代水泥,C70混凝土的工作性改善效果明显,而强度及抗渗性也明显提高.同时,它们的掺加降低了混凝土中水泥的用量,可作为绿色材料,有研究和工程利用的价值.     

硼掺合料对水泥浆体性能的影响

研究了不同含硼添加剂对水泥浆体凝结时间、抗压强度、抗折强度、结合水含量及碱度的影响,并采用XRD和SEM测试手段分析了硬化浆体微观结构,着重考察了硼元素的引入方式对水泥水化性能的影响。研究表明:硼砂、硼酐及硼玻璃粉对水泥浆体性能的影响存在很大差异。硼砂具有明显的缓凝作用;硼酐稍延缓了水泥的凝结时间,但严重影响了水泥石的力学性能,主要可能是硼酐中可溶性硼与水泥水化后的钙离子形成致密的水化硼酸钙膜,覆盖在水泥颗粒表面,阻止了水泥颗粒与外部溶液的接触,使水泥水化反应无法正常进行;而硼玻璃粉对水泥的凝结时间和力学性能均不存在不良影响。     

Properties of supersulphated phosphogysumslag cement (SSC) concrete

Supersulphated phosphogysum-slag cement （SSC） is a newly developed non-burned cementitious material mainly composed of phosphogysum （PG） and ground granulated blast furnace slag （GGBFS）, with small amount of steel slag （SS） and clinker （CL）. SSC is a kind of environmentally-friendly cementitious material due to its energy-saving, low-carbon emission, and waste-utilization. We prepared concretes with supersulphated phosphogysum-slag cement, and studied the mechanical properties, micro- properties and resistance to chloride penetration of concrete in comparison with those of portland slag cement （PSC） and ordinary portland cement （OPC） concrete. The test results show that the compressive strength of SSC concrete can reach 38.6 MPa after 28 d, close to PSC concrete and OPC concrete. Microanalyses indicate that large quantities of ettringite and C-S-H, and little amount of Ca（OH）2 are generated during the hydration of SSC. The dense cement paste structure of SSC is formed by ettringite and C-S-H, surrounded unreacted phosphogysum. The property of resistance to chloride penetration of SSC concrete is better than PSC and OPC concrete due to the fact that SSC can form much more ettringite to solidify more Cl^-.     

碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体抗剪试验

为研究碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体的受剪性能,对108个用Mb25~Mb130碱激发矿渣净浆和用Mb25~Mb80碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆砌筑的碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体进行抗剪试验.试验结果表明:碱激发矿渣净浆作砌筑浆体的砌体抗剪强度低于碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆作砌筑浆体的砌体.碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆作砌筑浆体的砌体抗剪强度低于用水泥砂浆和混合砂浆作砌筑浆体的砌体.砌体的抗剪强度随砌筑浆体抗压强度的提高而增大,Na2O含量、砂灰比对砌体抗剪强度的影响不容忽视.基于试验结果,分别建立了用碱激发矿渣净浆和碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆作砌筑浆体时的碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块砌体抗剪强度计算公式.     

聚羧酸系高效减水剂PC的合成及性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸、聚乙二醇1000、对甲苯磺酸、对苯二酚、过硫酸铵和甲基丙烯磺酸钠为原料,采用两步法合成出新型聚羧酸系高效减水剂(简称PC)。将合成的PC与目前广泛使用的萘系高效减水剂(简称FDN)相比,具有更加优异的性能,具体表现为:在掺量很少情况下,水泥净浆就具有较高的流动度;当掺量相同时,其对水泥净浆流动度远超FDN。此外,它与水泥的相容性好,具有缓凝及明显抑制水泥净浆流动度经时损失性能,对混凝土也能表现出显著的减水增强性,是一种性能优良,适合于配制高强、超高强混凝土的高效减水剂。     

Effects of LiAl-layered double hydroxides on early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste

As a 3D micro-nano material, layered double hydroxides have been widely used in many fields, especially for reinforced composite materials. In this paper, LiAl-LDHs was obtained by a hydrothermal method. In order to investigate the effects of LiAl-LDHs on the early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement paste, compressive strength, setting time and hydration heat were tested while X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scaning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were employed. The results indicated that LiAl-LDHs could significantly improve the early compressive strength and shorten the setting time of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste with 3wt% concentration. Besides, the hydration exothermic rate within 5 h was accelerated with increasing LiAl-LDHs content. Moreover, the addition of LiAl-LDHs did not result in the formation of a new phase, but increased the quantity of hydration products providing higher compressive strength, shorter setting time and denser microstructure.     

Resistance to chemical attack of bittern-resisting cement in high-bittern environment

A new kind of bittern-resisting cement （BRC） was introduced. This material is based on the ternary cementitious system of clinker containing C4A3 S phase, high-activity ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBFS） and fly ash （FA）. The hydration process and the hydrated products of BRC were studied by means of XRD, TG-DTA and SEM, and the resistance to chemical attack of BRC in high-bittern environment was also examined. The corrosion experiment in seven kinds of brines proved that BRC exhibits an excellent resistance to chemical attack of bittern. The corrosion resistance factors were calculated and all of them were greater than 0.96. It showed that BRC totally controls the cement-based material corrosion in brines from four aspects： （1） making full use of the dominant complementation effect of mineral materials; （2） diminishing the hydrated products easy to be attacked; （3） improving the microstructure of hardened cement mortar; （4） degrading the chemical attack of bittern.     

复合矿物质超细粉对水泥石自收缩影响效应

为了探讨复合矿物质超细粉对水泥石自收缩的影响规律,将硅灰与粉煤灰、磨细矿渣与粉煤灰2种复合掺合料分别加入水泥浆体中,通过改变粉煤灰与硅灰的质量比、粉煤灰与磨细矿渣的质量比。测量其自收缩量,发现粉煤灰能抑制自收缩,磨细矿渣和硅灰促进自收缩,当粉煤灰与硅灰或磨细矿渣复配时.抑制自收缩的作用和硅灰与粉煤灰的质量比或硅灰与磨细矿渣的质量比显著相关.     

纤维增强膏体充填材料的宏细观试验

为了提高膏体充填体的稳定性,在膏体充填材料中加入纤维以改善其脆性. 采用宏细观试验方法研究了聚丙烯纤维增强膏体充填材料的破坏行为. 从宏观上,通过一系列单轴压缩试验定量研究了纤维掺量对膏体充填材料力学性能影响. 采用X射线CT多层切片扫描技术分析了纤维对膏体充填体试件细观结构的影响. 研究结果表明:水泥掺量为10℅时,纤维使膏体充填材料的峰值强度略有增加,纤维可大幅度提高其韧度和峰值强度点的应变;纤维能阻止试件中裂缝的扩展和延伸,使裂缝细化、分散,进而使试件在破坏前可形成更大体积的裂缝,这些裂缝在形成过程中可吸收更多的能量,从而提高膏体充填材料的韧性.     

Effects of steel slag powder on workability and durability of concrete

The workability and durability of a type of sustainable concrete made with steel slag powder were investigated. The hydrated products of cement paste with ground granulated blast furnace slag（GGBFS） alone or with a combined admixture of GGBFS-steel slag powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Furthermore, the mechanism of chemically activated steel slag powder was also studied. The experimental results showed that when steel slag powder was added to concrete, the slumps through the same time were lower. The initial and fi nal setting times were slightly retarded. The dry shrinkages were lower, and the abrasion resistance was better. The chemically activated steel slag powder could improve compressive strengths, resistance to chloride permeation and water permeation, as well as carbonization resistance. XRD patterns indicated that the activators enhanced the formation of calcium silicate hydrate（C-S-H） gel and ettringite（AFt）. This research contributes to sustainable disposal of wastes and has the potential to provide several important environmental benefi ts.     

亚硝酸钠对硫铝酸盐水泥石孔结构及强度影响的研究

本文主要研究了亚硝酸钠对硫铝酸盐水泥石孔结构及强度的影响．结果表明：（１）亚硝酸钠具有明显改善硫铝酸盐水泥石孔结构的作用．（２）亚硝酸钠不仅提高硫铝酸盐水泥正温强度，而且大幅度提高其负温下强度．