制备工艺对GH4169合金组织结构与蠕变行为的影响

通过对等温锻造和热连轧工艺制备的GH4169合金进行蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究制备工艺对GH4169合金组织结构及蠕变行为的影响.结果表明:在热连轧期间,合金发生孪晶变形和位错滑移;与等温锻造相比,热连轧合金中的高密度位错具有形变强化的作用,可提高合金的蠕变抗力.在蠕变期间,等温锻造合金仅发生孪晶变形,而热连轧合金的变形机制是孪晶和位错滑移,其中,合金在热连轧期间形成的高密度位错可诱发蠕变位错发生单取向或多取向滑移,可减缓应力集中,抑制或延缓裂纹在晶界处萌生是使该合金具有较长蠕变寿命的主要原因.蠕变后期,裂纹在与应力轴垂直的晶界处萌生,并沿晶界扩展、发生解理断裂是2种工艺制备合金的蠕变断裂机制.     

热连轧对GH4169合金蠕变行为的影响

通过对等温锻造和热连轧工艺制备的GH4169合金进行直接时效、蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究热连轧对GH4169合金组织结构及蠕变行为的影响.结果表明:与等温锻造合金相比,经热连轧后合金的晶粒尺寸较小,在等温锻造期间的变形特征仅为孪晶形变,而合金在热连轧期间除产生孪晶外,在孪晶中还存在位错的双取向滑移;采用不同工艺制备的合金均在{111}面上发生孪晶变形.在蠕变期间,热连轧期间形成的位错可促进孪晶内发生位错的不同取向滑移,减缓应力集中,提高合金蠕变抗力,致使合金在660℃、700 MPa条件下具有较长蠕变寿命.     

GH690合金拉伸变形行为的温度敏感性

通过拉伸试验研究了GH690合金从298～623K的变形行为,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了变形组织。结果表明,合金在298K拉伸时能够通过孪生协调变形,生成的形变孪晶阻碍了位错的滑移,从而使合金获得了较高的加工硬化速率,导致合金的强度和塑性较高。随着形变温度的升高,合金通过孪生协调变形的能力降低,变形机制由孪生转变为滑移,滑移产生的加工硬化效应小于孪生,因此合金的强度和塑性随之降低。     

不同热处理的热连轧GH4169合金组织及抗蠕变性能研究

研究了3种不同热处理工艺下热连轧GH4169合金的组织与抗蠕变性能。结果表明,3种不同的热处理工艺对晶粒大小有一定的影响,DA态热连轧GH4169合金的组织最细小,HST态合金晶粒尺寸比ST态合金晶粒尺寸略大;δ相的含量随固溶处理时间的增加而增加,且主要在晶界处析出。在650℃/725MPa的实验条件下,DA态热连轧GH4169合金的抗蠕变性能最好,HST态合金抗蠕变性能最差。对3种不同热处理工艺的热连轧GH4169合金蠕变断裂试样的断口进行观察,其断裂方式主要表现为沿晶断裂。     

加热温度对热轧复合钛/不锈钢板结合性能的影响

利用热模拟试验机进行了加热温度分别为800、850、900、950 ℃的纯钛TA2与304L不锈钢的压缩复合实验,并从中选取最佳加热温度进行了热轧复合实验。利用金相显微镜、电子探针、XRD物相分析等手段对复合界面处的微观形貌、元素的扩散及金属间化合物的种类等进行了分析研究,并对界面的剪切强度进行了测试。实验结果表明,TA2/304L界面处生成了σ相、σ′相、FeTi、NiTi和CrTi4等金属间化合物。随着温度的升高,金属间化合物层的厚度增加。界面剪切强度随金属间化合物厚度增加而减小。加热温度为850 ℃时,热模拟试样获得最佳结合性能,热轧复合实验获得的钛/不锈钢复合板界面的剪切强度达到215 MPa。     

Microstructure and properties of hot extruded AZ31-0.25%Sb Mg-alloy

The effects of hot extrusion treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31-0.25%Sb Mg alloy were investigated by means of mechanical properties measurement and microstructure observation.The results show that the microstructure of AZ31-0.25%Sb Mg alloys consists ofα-Ms matrix,Mg_(17)Al_(12) and Mg_3Sb_2 phases.The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield tensile strength(YTS) of the alloy are obviously enhanced by hot extrusion treatment,and the enhanced extent of UTS and YTS increas...     

THE CREEP AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF TWO NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS

1.IntroductionTheevolutionofsuperalloyshasbeengreatlymotiVatedbythedevelopmentofmodernjetengines.Somepartsoftheengineareoperatedathightemperaturesandsubjectedtobothstaticanddynamicforcesaswellasthermalgradients.Therefore,creepcanoccuratsignificantratesandthentheestimationofcreepstrainandtheassociateddamageaccumulationbecomethecriticalconsiderationinthedesignoftheenginebladesoperatingathightemperatures.ThepurposeofthisinvestigationwastoexaminethecreeppropertyandfracturebehaviorofthecastK417and…     

热连轧Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变行为及影响因素

采用热处理、蠕变性能测试及位错组态的衍衬分析,研究热连轧Ti-6Al-4V合金的蠕变行为及影响因素.结果表明:经低于β相变点的固溶处理,合金的组织结构由高固溶度的等轴α相和网篮组织组成;随着固溶温度提高,网篮组织数量增多;经1 000 ℃固溶处理后合金可获得完全网篮组织;与940 ℃固溶时效合金相比,经 1 000 ℃固溶时效合金在420 ℃、575 MPa条件下具有较低的应变速率和较长的蠕变寿命;在试验的温度和应力范围内,计算出该合金的蠕变激活能为249.8 kJ/mol;在蠕变期间,热连轧合金的变形机制是位错在具HCP结构的α相中发生双取向滑移,940 ℃固溶处理合金的蠕变机制是波浪状位错在α相中发生锥面滑移,而经1 000 ℃固溶处理合金的变形机制是<1/2>(111(位错在具BCC结构的β相中发生多系滑移;经1 000 ℃固溶处理合金中所含的高含量富V的β相可提高合金蠕变抗力,这是合金具有较低应变速率和较长蠕变寿命的主要原因.     

Effects of returns on composition,microstructure and mechanical properties of GH4169 superalloy

To recycle the returned alloy effectively, effects of returns proportion on alloy composition, microstructure and compression properties of superalloy GH4169 were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and thermal-mechanical simulator. The results show that returns addition has no significant effect on the main alloy elements content and the principle precipitates, but increases the volume fraction of Al_2O_3 inclusions, resulting in the increase of oxygen level of GH4169 alloy. Returns addition does not change the elastic and plastic deformation process at room temperature or at 1,150 °C, but high returns proportion GH4169 alloy shows improved compression strength and yield strength. The alloy with 100% returns shows a maximum compression strength 1,153.45 MPa at room temperature, while the alloy with 80% returns has a maximum value 69.3 MPa at 1,150 °C. Returns addition increases fluctuation range and reduces the stability of yield strength and compression strength of GH4169 alloy at room temperature. It is noted that the volume fraction and the size of Al_2O_3, and the fraction of Laves phase reach their maximum values in the GH4169 alloy with 60% returns, which exhibits maximum yield strength of 516.65 MPa at room temperature and 62.17 MPa at 1,150 °C.     

Changes in lamellar microstructure by parallel twinning during creep in soft PST crystal of TiAl alloy

Comprssion creep tests of a Ti-48%Al (mole fraction)alloy were carried out at 1150K with soft-orientated PST crystal.Parallel twinning took place during the creep.Changes in lamellar microstructure caused by the parallel twinning were investigated.and their effects on creep deformation behavior were discussed.The results show that the parallel twinning occurs in early stage of creep,and makes significant contribution to creep strain in the domains favorably oriented for the twinning.The nucleation of parallel twins finishes at a strain of about 3%.There is a critical resolved shear stress for parallel twinning,and it is about 50MPa in the Ti-48%Al PST crystals at 1150K.Te activity of parallel twinning increases with increasing applied stress or in a coarse lamellar material.The addition of parallel twins reduces the average value of lamellar spacing.In general,the refinement of lamellar structure should improve creep resistance.However the strengthening by parallel twinning is not evident in creep of the soft PST crystals because the soft deformation modes are the dominant deformation mode in the crystals.     

FGH95镍基合金的蠕变行为及影响因素

通过蠕变曲线测定和组织形貌观察,研究FGH95合金的蠕变行为及影响因素。结果表明:经1150℃固溶和时效处理后,在晶界处有粗大γ′相不连续分布,其周围存在γ′相贫化区;经1165℃固溶和时效后,合金的晶粒尺寸明显长大,并在晶界形成连续的碳化物膜;经1160℃固溶后,合金中无粗大γ′相,在晶内弥散析出细小γ′相,其中,有粒状(Nb,Ti)C相在晶内及沿晶界不连续析出,可提高合金的晶界强度,抑制晶界滑移,是使合金具有较好蠕变抗力的主要原因。蠕变期间,合金的变形机制是位错剪切或绕过γ′相,蠕变后期,在晶内发生单取向和双取向滑移,并引起应力集中,致使裂纹在晶界处萌生及扩展是合金的蠕变断裂机制。     

GH4169合金表面氧化色变化行为研究

针对不同温度和时间加热后的GH4169合金试样表面氧化色变化行为进行分析,对试样表面氧化色图片的采集、描述方法进行探讨,并对试样硬度随加热时间的变化进行了研究。结果表明：400～850℃加热后的GH4169合金试样表面均有金属光泽,颜色变化较丰富且与加热温度和时间之间具有一定的对应关系;900～1200℃加热后的试样表面颜色差别不大,均无金属光泽并呈灰黑色;在加热时间相同的情况下,400～800℃加热后的试样硬度值差别不大,850～1200℃加热后,随加热温度的升高试样的硬度值下降较明显;根据试样实际情况,结合试样表面颜色、状态及硬度值的变化可以为判断其经历的温度环境提供可靠的判据,在试样表面具有金属光泽且硬度值差别不大时主要以表面颜色和状态为依据,试样表面无金属光泽且呈灰黑色时则以硬度值为主要判据;此外,采用规范的图片采集过程,利用设计印刷标准色谱对表面氧化色的定量分析和UV加膜印刷技术能够较好地描述合金表面颜色的变化及存在的微小差异。     

Parallel twinning during creep deformation in soft orientation PST crystal of TiAl alloy

Compression creep tests were conducted in the soft orientation PST TiAl crystals under the constant stress condition with applied stress of 100–316 MPa at 1150 K to investigate the effect of parallel twinning on creep deformation behavior. The effect of applied stress and strain on parallel twinning during creep deformation is quantitatively investigated. The generation of parallel twins reduced the average lamellar spacing during creep deformation. The critical resolved shear stress for nucleation of parallel twins was measured as 50 MPa. The activity of parallel twinning increased with increasing applied stress. The nucleation of parallel twinning finished at a strain less than 0.02. The lamellar refinement by parallel twinning did not change the creep rate of the PST crystal under the creep conditions studied. The effect of parallel twinning on creep behavior is discussed on the basis of microstructural investigation.     

[011]取向镍基单晶合金蠕变特征

研究了一种[011]取向镍基单晶合金的拉伸蠕变特征及其变形期问的微观组织结构.结果表明:在750℃/680 MPa条件下,合金的初期蠕变和稳态蠕变速率相对较高,蠕变寿命较短.TEM观察显示,蠕变期间的变形特征是1/20<110>位错在基体中运动,发生反应形成1/3<112>超Shockley不全位错切入γ'相后产生层错;在870℃/500 MPa条件下,蠕变中期出现不均匀滑移带并有大量超不全位错剪切γ'相,使合金具有较高的应变速率;在980℃/200 MPa条件下,合金具有较长的蠕变寿命和较低的稳态蠕变速率.不同Burgers矢量的位错相遇发生反应形成界面位错网,位错网可以阻止位错切入γ'相,γ'相沿[010]方向扩散生长,逐渐转变成筏形组织.蠕变后期位错切入,γ'相,是合金变形的主要方式.     

铸态GH4169合金热变形行为及三种本构模型对比

在Gleeble-1500热力模拟机上对铸态GH4169合金进行热压缩试验,变形参数为:温度(1193～1373K)、应变速率(0.01～10s~(-1))、变形量50%。通过分析真应力真应变曲线,研究铸态GH4169合金的热变形行为;对比分析了Johnson-Cook(JC)、修正的Johnson-Cook(MJC)和应变补偿Arrhenius3种本构模型的相关系数(R)和平均相对误差(AARE)。结果表明:铸态GH4169合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小。JC模型、MJC模型和应变补偿的Arrhenius本构模型的相关系数(R)分别为0.891、0.956和0.961,AARE依次为29.02%、11.16%和9.31%。因此,应变补偿的Arrhenius模型能够更为精确地描述铸态GH4169的热变形行为。     

GH4169合金的冷变形行为

通过室温压缩试验、数学模型拟合、光学显微镜(OM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和显微硬度等手段,建立GH4169合金冷变形本构方程,研究了冷变形量及应变速率对GH4169合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,GH4169合金冷变形加工硬化规律基本符合Hollomon方程,其中应变速率对加工硬化影响较小,变形量是影响加工硬化的主要因素;随着变形量的增大,晶粒的变形程度增大,晶粒内部的小角度晶界随着变形量的增大逐渐增多,并有部分向大角度晶界转化;合金的显微硬度也随着变形量的增大而逐渐增大。     

AZ31镁合金蠕变初期的变形特征

通过蠕变曲线的测定和TEM的形貌观察,研究了AZ31镁合金在蠕变初期的变形特征及组织演化规律．结果表明,蠕变初期的变形特征是：大量形变产生的(α)位错在合金的基面和非基面滑移,(α c)位错在锥面滑移．其中(α)位错通过位错分解反应可由一非基面交滑移至另一非基面．随蠕变进行,高密度的形变位错发生动态回复,可进一步束集形成位错胞和位错墙．蠕变初始阶段,在应力的作用下,适当取向的晶体发生孪生,并作为一种附加的变形机制而改善合金的韧性．     

Influence of Pre-Compressive Creep on Internal Friction Stress and Creep Parameters of Nickel-Base Single Crystal Superalloys

By means of pre-compressive creep treatment, the cubic γ′ phase in a nickel base single crystal superalloy is transformed into the P-type rafted structure. And the influence of the pre-compressive creep on the internal friction stress and creep lifetimes of the superalloy are investigated by means of the measurement of the creep curves and microstructure observation. Results show that, compared to the P-type structure alloy, the full heat treated state alloy displays a bigger internal friction stress value ...     

DP工艺GH4169合金新型高温本构模型及组织定量研究

通过高温热压缩试验,得到经DP工艺处理的GH4169合金在变形温度为900~1060℃、应变速率为0.001~0.5 s~(-1)、压缩量为70%条件下的真应力-真应变曲线,依据流变曲线特征,界定出加工硬化-动态回复和动态流变软化两个阶段,建立了相应的新型高温流变本构模型,同时观察了变形显微组织,进行了定量金相统计分析。结果表明:GH4169合金高温压缩显微组织中的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低而逐渐增大;δ相含量逐渐减少,在1060℃时基本消失。通过引入标准统计参数——相关系数和平均相对误差绝对值,表明预测值和实际试验数值吻合度较高,所建立的本构方程可以用于准确预测经DP工艺处理的GH4169合金热成形过程中的应力值和热成形工艺优化。     

Stress relaxation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONTi 6Al 4VisoneofthemostimportantTial loys[1,2 ] .Butthisalloyhasbadformabilityforitshighelasticresilience .Therefore ,hotsizingisimpor tant[36 ] .Asthebaseofhotsizing ,thestudyofstressrelaxationhasimportanttheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificance .Ontheotherhand ,Ti 6Al 4Visusedasfastenermaterialssometimes .Whenthefastenersworkatthetemperaturehigherthanroomtemperature ,stressrelaxationmayresultsinacci dents .Sohowtopreventthestressrelaxationisveryimportant[7] .Uptonow ,…