学龄儿童维生素D水平与矿物元素相关性分析

目的:了解广西学龄儿童维生素D(VD)营养状况与矿物元素含量关系,为防治儿童微量营养素缺乏提供科学依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取广西融水县1所中心小学512名6—14岁儿童,采集静脉血,用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]浓度,测量身高、体重,计算体质指数(BMI),测定全血铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)元素含量。结果:研究对象血清25-(OH)D平均浓度为22.86±9.37ng/mL,存在男女性别间差异(P0.05)。血清25-(OH)D水平、Cu、Zn、Fe在各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Ca、Mg含量差异不明显(P0.05)。血清25-(OH)D水平与全血钙或铁含量呈负相关(P0.01);与全血镁含量呈正相关(P0.01);与全血铜或锌含量关系不明显(P0.05)。血清25-(OH)D水平与BMI相关性无显著性意义(P0.05),男生BMI高于女生(P0.05)。维生素D缺乏率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P0.05)。各年龄组钙、铁、锌缺乏率差异不明显(P0.05)。结论:维生素D营养状况与全血钙、铁、镁含量关系密切,儿童维生素D水平受年龄和性别影响,应定期监测,以保障儿童健康成长。     

生物法制备活性维生素D3的现状简述

活性维生素D3(VD3)是一种人体内不可或缺的脂溶性维生素,它具有调节人体钙磷代谢以及控制骨骼细胞生长分化的重要生理功效.综述了目前针对生物法制备活性VD3的限制性因素及其解决对策,从重组基因工程菌的表达、人工电子传递链的构建、全细胞辅酶再生体系的建立、底物细胞膜通透性的改善4个方面进行阐述.     

表面活性剂与β-环化糊精共同作用对放线菌羟基化维生素D3的影响

放线菌CXX-10具有维生素D3的25位羟基化活性.通过研究Tween-80、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton-100)、甘油、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十六烷基溴化铵(CTAB)等表面活性剂,与β-环化糊精共同作用对该菌25位羟基化维生素D3的影响,获得了较优的促发酵组合并优化了其反应条件:培养3d后添加0.04％Tween-80、0.5％β-环化糊精和VD3,pH为7.0,28℃,180r/min,发酵转化反应7d,25-(OH)D3产率达14.5mg/L.     

香菇多糖对基于维生素D-成纤维细胞生长因子23-Klotho蛋白轴中维生素D缺乏大鼠骨代谢的保护作用

探究香菇多糖基于维生素D-FGF-23-Klotho轴对维生素D缺乏大鼠骨代谢的影响。选取50只SD健康大鼠,10只作为对照组,其余40只建立维生素D缺乏模型,分为模型组、维生素D3组(1000 U/kg)、低剂量香菇多糖组(150 mg/kg)和高剂量香菇多糖组(450 mg/kg)各10只。检测大鼠血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平、维生素D-FGF-23-Klotho轴因子水平、骨代谢指标水平。研究结果显示,对照组大鼠血清25(OH)VD_3、1,25(OH)VD_3、FGF-23、Klotho水平分别为(75.58 ng/mL、4.98 ng/mL、468.25 pg/L、62.58pg/mL),模型组大鼠25(OH)VD_3、1,25(OH)VD_3、Klotho下降至(34.35 ng/mL、3.52 ng/mL、40.12 pg/mL),FGF-23水平上升至(896.35pg/L),与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。高剂量香菇多糖组大鼠25(OH)VD_3、1,25(OH)VD_3、Klotho水平上升至(71.24 ng/mL、4.85 ng/mL、58.68 pg/mL),统计上高于维生素D3组、低剂量香菇多糖组,FGF-23下降至(552.23pg/L),统计上低于维生素D3组、低剂量香菇多糖组(p0.05)。香菇多糖通过作用于维生素D-FGF-23-Klotho轴,调控轴因子,增加维生素D的含量,改善因维生素缺乏所导致的成骨障碍,起到保护维生素D缺乏大鼠骨质的作用。     

紫外光影响食用菌中VD2含量的研究进展

维生素D（vitamin D,VD）对人体健康至关重要,它主要由VD原经紫外光照射转化而来。VD家族中最重要的成员是VD2、VD3。食用菌中含有丰富的VD2原--麦角固醇,经紫外光照射可转化为VD2。本文从VD2的光合成机理出发,介绍不同生长方式的食用菌中麦角固醇和VD2的含量以及紫外光影响食用菌中麦角固醇向VD2转化的主要因素,包括食用菌种类、紫外光的波长、照射剂量和时间、食用菌的照射部位和生长期及食用菌的含水量和温度等,以期为提高食用菌的VD2产率提供一定参考。     

研究表明：在小麦粉中添加VD是预防VD缺乏症经济有效的方法

正食品伙伴网讯2019年8月21日,据印度食品安全标准局(FSSAI)消息,英国一项新的研究表明,在未来90年里,在小麦粉中添加维生素D(vitamin D,VD)可以预防大约1000万例维生素D缺乏症。这项研究于8月20日发表在欧洲临床营养学杂志上,该研究首次着眼于预防维生素D缺乏对健康和经济的影响。研究人员发现,强制添加维生素D的小麦粉不仅经济,而且还能通过预防数百万维生素D缺乏新病例,显著减轻卫生当局的负担。     

维生素D与儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的相关性及辅助治疗效果

目的：探讨维生素D与儿童肺炎支原体感染的相关性，以及维生素D辅助治疗对临床疗效的影响。方法：收集2020年6月—2022年6月在我院儿科收治的72例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿为研究对象，同期纳入问诊就诊的80例非肺炎儿童为正常对照组。检测2组患儿检测血清25(OH)D₃水平，比较两组患儿血清25(OH)D₃水平差异，以及与肺炎支原体感染的相关性。接着将72例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各36例，对照组采用临床常规治疗和护理，观察组患儿在此基础上给予维生素D辅助治疗，比较2组患儿疗效，临床咳嗽、发烧、肺部啰音症状，以及住院时间的差异。结果：肺炎支原体肺炎组患儿血清25(OH)D₃水平显著低于正常组患儿[(18.03±2.36) vs (21.02±2.02) ng/mL](P<0.05)，且肺炎组患者维生素D缺乏和不足率显著高于正常组(P<0.05)，血清肺炎支原体感染与血清25(OH)D₃水平呈反比(r=0.728, P<0.05)。维生素D辅助治疗临床疗效显著优于对照组(P&...     

维生素D营养状况与儿童支气管肺炎发生及转归的关系研究

目的：探讨维生素D营养状况与儿童支气管肺炎发生及临床转归的关系。方法：收集2020年9月—2022年10月在我院儿科收治的123例支气管肺炎患儿和同期154例健康体检健康儿童为研究对象。收集两组儿童一般情况、身高、体重等信息，检测两组儿童血清25(OH)D₃水平，收集支气管肺炎患儿的临床转归情况。采用Spearson相关分析维生素D营养状况与支气管肺炎发生及临床转归的相关性，维生素D营养状况对支气管肺炎发生的影响采用多元Logistic回归分析。结果：支气管肺炎组患儿血清25(OH)D₃水平显著低于正常组儿童[(18.36±2.42)vs(20.92±2.65)] ng/mL，且维生素D不足/缺乏发生率高于正常组组[(45/78) vs(24/130),P<0.05]，且血清25(OH)D₃水平与支气管肺炎的发生呈显著负相关(r=-0.603, P<0.05)。户外活动时间≥2h及维生素D补充是发生支气管肺炎的保护因素(OR<1, P<0.05)，而维生素D不足/缺乏是支气管肺炎的危险因素(OR&...     

乙肝病毒感染孕妇维生素D营养状况与妊娠结局的关系研究

目的：探讨乙肝病毒感染孕妇维生素D营养状况变化，以及维生素D营养状况对产妇、新生儿妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取2019年8月—2022年10月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院产科定期产检及住院生产的150例诊断为患有乙肝感染的孕妇为研究对象，收集同期在本院就诊分娩的98例正常孕妇为对照组。抽取孕妇住院期间清晨空腹静脉血，观察并记录各维生素D营养状况组乙肝感染孕妇妊娠结局，比较对照组和乙肝感染组孕妇血清25(OH)D₃水平差异，以及乙肝感染孕妇不同维生素D营养状况组产妇和新生儿妊娠结局的差异。结果：乙肝感染组孕妇血清25(OH)D₃水平显著低于正常对照组孕妇[(24.63±2.36) vs (28.84±2.38)ng/mL,P<0.05],且乙肝感染组孕妇维生素D缺乏和不足发生率显著高于对照组[(127/150) vs (49/98),P<0.05]。乙肝感染孕妇中，随着维生素D营养状况的恶化，产妇妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压，以及新生儿发生早产和新生儿窒息发生率显著增高(P<0.05)。结论：乙肝病毒感染孕妇维生素D营养状况较差...     

高效液相色谱法测定保健品中维生素D含量

建立了一种使用液相色谱-紫外检测器,以维生素D2、D3互为内标,测定保健食品中维生素D的方法。样品经淀粉酶水解,无水乙醇-氢氧化钾皂化,皂化液用石油醚萃取、水洗、干燥,旋转蒸发至约2 mL,氮吹至干,甲醇溶解定容,内标法定量。维生素D2和维生素D3的分离度为1.5,线性范围为0.01～5.0μg/mL,相关系数R2≥0.999;相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)为2.82%～5.10%;加标回收率96.23%～104.26%。当取样量为5.000 g时,VD2、VD3的检出限均低于0.2μg/100 g。     

Effects of vitamin D3 on the expression of growth-related oncogene-α in THP-1 cells and human primary monocytes

Asthma and many autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, have been reported to associate with vitamin D deficiency recently. Growth-related oncogene-α (GRO-α)/CXCL1, a neutrophil-related chemokine, have an important influence on the chronic inflammation of these diseases. It is unknown whether vitamin D has regulatory effects on GRO-α expression in human monocytes. To this end, the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, and human primary monocytes were pretreated with 1α, 25-(OH)(2)D(3), and was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supernatants were collected to determine GRO-α level by ELISA. The intracellular signaling was investigated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, and Western blot. In our studies, LPS-induced GRO-α was significantly enhanced in THP-1 cells, but suppressed in human primary monocytes by 1α, 25-(OH)(2)D(3). Western blotting revealed that 1α, 25-(OH)(2)D(3) increased LPS-stimulated pp38 expression in THP-1 cells, but suppressed LPS-stimulated pMEK1/2-pERK and pJNK in human primary monocytes. In conclusion, the opposite effects of 1α, 25-(OH)(2)D(3) on GRO-α expression in THP-1 cells and human primary monocytes indicated that the data from THP-1 cells should be further confirmed by human primary monocytes. Moreover, vitamin D3 may have potentiality in treating GRO-α-related chronic inflammatory diseases, like asthma and autoimmune diseases.     

Vitamin D Status in South Asian Populations – Risks and Opportunities

Human body acquires a significant amount of vitamin D by cutaneous synthesis under the action of sunlight and less is supplied through nutritional sources. Diversified sociocultural and economic determinants have been identified that limit the dietary intake of vitamin D and enough distribution of sunlight to maintain optimal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Consequently, the world has witnessed a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in resource-limited South Asian countries. The purpose of this review is to provide a South Asian perspective of vitamin D status, critically examining India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and to shed light on potential determinants (latitude and season, sunshine exposure habits, age, gender, and genetic factors) leading to hypovitaminosis D among a variety of population groups. Literature search was carried out using bibliographic databases “PubMed,” “Google Scholar,” and “ScienceDirect.com.” Serum 25(OH)D level, 20–50 nmol/L, was mainly taken as vitamin D deficiency, and determinants of low serum 25(OH)D concentration of the population under study were also considered. The review concludes that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among South Asian populations and global efforts are needed to overcome hypovitaminosis in the region. In addition, dietary diversification, supplementation and fortification of foods with vitamin D, adequate exposure to sunlight, and consumption of animal foods were suggested as viable approaches to maintain 25(OH)D levels for optimal health.     

Effects of diets including an active vitamin D 3 metabolite and different contents of calcium and phosphorus on the state of blood free amino acids in hypokinetic rats

Some aspects of amino acid metabolism in rats exposed to 30 days of hypokinesia were explored. The animals were placed on the diets with varying Ca/P ratio, containing 24, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24, 25 (OH)2)D3, an active vitamin D3 metabolite. It was demonstrated that high consumption of phosphorus brought about an appreciable reduction in the blood amino acid pool, thus aggravating the body response characteristic for hypokinesia. The use of 24, 25 (OH)2D3 promoted the recovery of the amino acid status of hypokinetic rat blood, while the optimization of the Ca and P content in the diet was absolutely indispensable.     

食品中硒的有机形态分析研究进展

硒是人体必不可少的微量元素, 不同形态的硒对人体的功能不同, 其中有机硒在抗氧化、抗癌、抗病毒、提高免疫力等方面对人体有重要作用。人体获取硒的途径主要通过膳食摄取, 如食用天然富硒食品、人工合成有机硒产品及有机硒强化剂等。市场上的富硒食品质量参差不齐, 为合理地评价食品中硒的摄入形态和水平, 对食品中硒的形态及含量的检测是近年来研究的一个重点。本文对食品中有机硒检测分离、形态分析以及含量测定等进行了综述, 并对以液相萃取法和酶解法为主的分离方法, 以气相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, GC-ICP-MS)、高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, HPLC-ICP-MS)、高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)以及电泳-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, CE-ICP-MS)为主的检测方法等研究进展进行了总结, 以期对食品中有机硒的检测提供相应的理论依据, 促进食品中有机硒检测标准的发展。     

Effects of Vitamin D3 on Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Chemokines by Monocytes

Abstract: The association between vitamin D deficiency and asthma epidemic has been recognized. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and chemokines play important roles in pathogenesis of asthma. However, whether vitamin D has immunoregulatory function on TNF-α and chemokines expression in human monocytes is still unknown. The human monocytic cell line, THP-1 cells and human primary monocytes were pretreated with various concentration of 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ for 2 h before stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supernatants were collected 24 or 48 h after LPS stimulation. The levels of TNF-α, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 (the Th1-related chemokine), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/ CCL22 (the Th2-related chemokine), and interleukin 8 (IL-8)/CXCL8 (the neutrophil chemoattractant) were measured by ELISA. 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ could significantly suppress TNF-α and IP-10 expression in LPS-stimulated THP-1 and human primary monocytes. However, 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃, especially in higher concentration, could significantly enhance MDC expression. 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ had no significant effects on IL-8 expression. We found 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ could significantly suppress TNF-α and Th1-related chemokine IP-10, which both play important roles in pathogenesis of severe refractory asthma and autoimmune diseases. However, 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃ enhanced Th2-related chemokine MDC, which may result in Th2 inflammatory cell recruitment and thus adversely affect asthmatic patients. Although vitamin D has potential utility in the treatment of asthma and autoimmune diseases, excessive use of vitamin D may not be suitable in patients with Th2 allergic diseases.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法与高效液相色谱法同步测定白玉菇麦角固醇和VD2方法比较

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱（high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLCMS/MS）联用法与HPLC法同步检测白玉菇样品中麦角固醇和VD2含量方法,经方法学评价确定两种检测方法的线性范围、灵敏度与精确性。通过对经醇碱皂化回流法提取样品中麦角固醇和VD2的分析验证,阐述两种检测方法的差异性,为白玉菇有效生物活性成分与相关产品的质量检测和对白玉菇中麦角固醇与VD2之间转化关系的研究提供技术支持。HPLC-MS/MS法中,采用色谱分离柱Agilent SB-C8 Rapid Res柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,3.5 μm）及在优化的色谱条件下,麦角固醇与VD2之间色谱峰保留时间分别为4.303 min和4.22 min。电喷雾离子源正离子模式下采用多反应选择离子监测模式,分别选择m/z 379.3/125.3与m/z 397.3/125.3离子对麦角固醇与VD2进行定量,结果表明麦角固醇在0.15～6 mg/L、VD2在0.01～1 mg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均加标回收率分别为93.51%、90.56%,日内和日间相对标准偏差均小于7%。HPLC法采用COSMOSIL Column 5C18-MS-II（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）柱分离体系,麦角固醇和VD2色谱峰保留时间分别为12.891 min和9.919 min,方法学评价结果显示,麦角固醇在15～750 mg/L、VD2在0.5～50 mg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,两者的平均回收率分别为98.51%、94.05%,日内和日间相对标准偏差均小于1%。采集的样品采用HPLC-MS/MS联用法和HPLC法分别检测实验结果有一定的差异,与HPLC法相比,HPLC-MS/MS联用法具有快速检测时间短、检出限低、更灵敏的优势。     

Short communication: serum and tissue concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in beef heifers after buccal dosing of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3

Sixteen crossbred (British x Continental; average un-shrunk body weight = 507.9 kg; SD = 45.6 kg) beef heifers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet with melengestrol acetate (0.4 mg/heifer daily) included to suppress estrus were used in a completely random design to evaluate the efficacy of buccal administration of 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, (25-OH D3). Serum Ca, P, Mg, 25-OH D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2 D3], albumin, and protein were measured 24 h before dosing (-24 h), at dosing (0 h), and 6 and 24 h after dosing, after which the cattle were slaughtered at a commercial facility. Samples of kidneys, liver, longissimus lumborum, and triceps brachii were collected and evaluated for concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2 D3. With -24 and 0 h as baseline covariates, a significant time x treatment interaction was observed for serum 25-OH D3 and Ca concentrations, but not for serum 1,25-(OH)2 D3. Supplemental 25-OH D3 doses of 100 and 1000 mg significantly increased serum 25-OH D3 at 24 h after dosing, 1,25-(OH)2 D3 at 6 and 24 h after dosing, and serum Ca at 24 h after dosing. Similarly, buccal dosing of 1000 mg of supplemental 25-OH D3 significantly increased (approximately 2- to 3-fold) concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 in the kidney, liver, and longissimus lumborum relative to the other 3 treatments but not in triceps brachii. Serum albumin, protein, P, and Mg were not affected by treatment. Based on these results, buccal administration of 100 and 1000 mg 25-OH D3 increased vitamin D3 metabolites in serum and tissues, and it should be an effective method of delivering the vitamin.     

Reduced serum vitamin D concentrations in healthy early-lactation dairy cattle

Cattle obtain vitamin D by ingestion or cutaneous exposure to UV light. Dairy cattle diets are frequently supplemented with vitamin D to compensate for limited sun exposure or during times of increased metabolic demands, such as the periparturient period, to maintain calcium homeostasis. Whether housing and supplemental vitamin D practices supply adequate amounts of vitamin D to optimally support the transition from gestation to lactation in dairy cattle is unknown. Our objective was to determine how serum vitamin D concentrations of dairy cows change with season, age, parity, and stage of lactation. Clinically healthy cows (n = 183) from 5 commercial dairies were enrolled in the study. Serum samples were collected at dry off, within 7 d of entering the close-up group, and within 7 d after calving (calving+7). Vitamin D status was determined by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by radioimmunoassay. We performed repeated-measures mixed-effects linear regression to determine the effects of season, age, parity, and lactation stage (dry off, close-up, and calving+7) on 25(OH)D concentrations in serum. Bivariable analysis indicated that parity, age, and season were not associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Sample period affected 25(OH)D concentrations, with the highest 25(OH)D levels at dry off (99.7 ± 1.9 ng/mL) followed by close up (93.8 ± 2.1 ng/mL), with the lowest levels at calving+7 (82.6 ± 1.7 ng/mL). These data showed a large depletion of 25(OH)D in dairy cattle postpartum compared with late prepartum, although the biological significance of this change in these healthy cattle is unclear. Consumption of serum 25(OH)D by immune system functions and calcium homeostasis in early lactation likely caused the reduction in serum 25(OH)D concentrations after calving. These results suggest that determining whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with the incidence of transition period disease is an appropriate next step. Assessing the effects of enhanced vitamin D supplementation of cows in early lactation on postpartum diseases may be warranted.     

Biochemical and metabolomic phenotyping in the identification of a vitamin D responsive metabotype for markers of the metabolic syndrome

Scope: Metabolic phenotyping promises to be a useful tool in human intervention studies. This study examined whether metabolic phenotyping could identify responders to vitamin D supplementation in terms of the metabolic syndrome. Methods and results: In a double‐blind, randomised placebo‐controlled dietary intervention subjects were assigned to receive 15 μg vitamin D₃ or placebo daily. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and biochemical markers of the metabolic syndrome were measured at baseline and following the 4‐wk intervention. k‐means clustering and ¹H‐NMR metabolomic analysis were used to explore responsive phenotypes. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased serum 25(OH)D to an endpoint concentration of 78.1±20.0 nmol/L (p<0.001). There was no effect of supplementation on the measured markers of the metabolic syndrome. k‐means cluster analysis based on 13 biochemical markers of the metabolic syndrome and 25(OH)D concentrations revealed five discrete biomarker clusters. One of these clusters, characterised by lower serum 25(OH)D and higher levels of adipokines, showed significant responses in insulin (15% decrease), homestatic model assessment scores (19% decrease) and c‐reactive protein (54% decrease). Metabolomic analysis revealed further changes and the extent of change in serum vitamin D correlated negatively with changes in glucose. Conclusion: Overall, metabolic phenotyping revealed a phenotype that was responsive to vitamin D supplementation.