新型绿色节能技术在游泳馆改建工程中的应用

游泳馆工程的施工工艺对游泳馆项目工程的成败有很大影响,所以在游泳馆项目工程施工过程中,应注重应用新型绿色节能技术。针对游泳馆工程中存在的围护结构腐蚀结露、温湿度控制不好等问题,该文分析了造成这些问题的原因,并根据游泳馆项目工程中对热舒适性、湿气散失、高水质等的要求,提出相应的对策,以满足工程中的节能和环境保护要求,为使用者提供一个舒适安全的游泳环境。     

室内游泳馆设计需要注意的若干问题探讨

随着社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高,新建住宅小区和公共建筑的配套建筑中的游泳池越来越多,特别是一些高档住宅的会所游泳池。在游泳馆的建设过程中,尤其是室内游泳馆的建设中出现了一些结露、水质差等问题,严重影响了使用功能,某些新建的室内游泳馆甚至投入使用不到3年就因为结露严重,导致钢结构和墙壁腐蚀严重,影响安全使用,不得不停业整修。针对游泳池水循环方式、臭氧消毒和空气除湿等方面容易出现的问题进行了分析,并给出了相应的建议,供室内游泳馆建设和设计参考。     

大型游泳馆给水工艺及水处理的设计与施工

某游泳馆工程建设规模大,给水工艺复杂,对水质要求高,现对其设计参数、给水工艺及水处理、使用管材及施工方法作介绍。     

某游泳馆节能改造设计分析

某游泳馆存在围护结构结露腐蚀、温湿度控制不佳等问题,分析问题出现的原因,针对游泳馆项目热舒适度要求高、散湿量大、水质要求高的特点,从提高围护结构保温性能、优化冷热源系统形式及暖通末端措施、改善泳池水处理系统卫生品质等方面提出了具体解决措施,达到节能环保的设计要求。     

高校游泳馆水处理设计方案若干问题的探讨

本文通过对目前国内外游泳馆水处理方案优缺点的分析对比,结合西安体育学院游泳馆水处理设计,对高校游泳馆水处理设计应采取的方案及对水处理若干问题进行的探讨,希望能给以后准备建设游泳馆的高校有所借鉴。     

游泳馆大跨空间桁架结构抗震性能动力弹塑性分析

为了提升游泳馆的抗震性能,本文通过某游泳馆工程的建造概况介绍了一种大跨空间桁架结构游泳馆动力弹塑性分析的方法,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立空间桁架结构的有限元模型,通过对模态与弹塑性结果的研究,分析了游泳馆大跨空间桁架结构在地震作用下的性能表现及其潜在的薄弱环节,根据分析结果提出大跨空间桁架结构游泳馆在地震作用下具有较好的抗震性能。研究表明,在大跨空间桁架结构游泳馆的建造过程中,通过对关键节点和构件的优化设计,可以进一步提高结构的抗震能力,确保游泳馆在地震中的安全运行。     

上海地区游泳馆建筑性能评价(BPE)研究

文章以上海地区游泳馆建筑为研究对象,从游泳馆室内物理环境特点分析出发,提取游泳馆建筑性能评价的评价要素及评价标准。随后以同济大学游泳馆为例,建立性能分析及优化模拟,获得优化后室内热湿环境的数据及反馈。最后,通过对数据的分析整理,提出上海地区游泳馆建筑室内热湿环境的优化策略。     

某游泳馆空调节能设计、运行能耗分析

游泳馆建筑温湿度要求与其他公共建筑不同，能耗较大，在舒适度和节能之间选择一个合适的点，并据此合理地确定其空调方式，对游泳馆建筑节能至关重要。目前国内关于游泳馆等方面的设计规范、标准尚不完善，成功的案例不多，通过总结南京市某游泳馆投入使用后1年的监测数据，从实践的角度探讨游泳馆建筑空调节能设计思路。     

乌兰察布游泳馆网球馆钢结构工程施工技术

乌兰察布游泳馆网球馆钢结构工程主要由桁架结构的网球馆、热身馆和张弦梁结构的游泳馆组成。通过其钢结构安装工程,系统介绍了其施工过程中的新技术应用,同时也阐述了各个单体结构的施工方案,较详细地说明了游泳馆张弦梁张拉的关键技术。     

游泳馆建筑空调节能设计思路探讨

自从住建部2005年颁布《公共建筑节能设计标准》以来,各省陆续颁布了公共建筑节能设计标准、规程,这些规范规程对公共建筑节能起到了积极的推动作用。游泳馆建筑虽属于公共建筑,但有其独特之处,特别是能耗比其他体育建筑有较大差别。因此,合理地确定其空调方式对其节能至关重要。由于目前国内关于游泳馆等方面的设计规范、标准很不完善,成功的工程实例又少,再加上关于游泳馆空调设计方面的资料奇缺,所以严重地影响到游泳馆的使用效果。通过对各类游泳馆空调设计方式的总结,探讨了游泳馆建筑空调节能设计思路。     

Trihalomethane exposures in indoor swimming pools: a level III fugacity model

The potential for generation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pools is high due to the concentrations of chlorine required to maintain adequate disinfection, and the presence of organics introduced by the swimmers. Health Canada set guidelines for trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water; however, no such guideline exists for swimming pool waters. Exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact in swimming pools. In this research, a multimedia model is developed to evaluate exposure concentrations of THMs in the air and water of an indoor swimming pool. THM water concentration data were obtained from 15 indoor swimming pool facilities in Quebec (Canada). A level III fugacity model is used to estimate inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion exposure doses. The results of the proposed model will be useful to perform a human health risk assessment and develop risk management strategies including developing health-based guidelines for disinfection practices and the design of ventilation system for indoor swimming pools.     

Dynamics of gas-phase trichloramine (NCl3) in chlorinated, indoor swimming pool facilities

Trichloramine (NCl(3)) is recognized as an irritant of the human respiratory system and other tissues. Processes that lead to volatilization from the liquid phase allow for human exposure to gas-phase NCl(3) in swimming pool settings. The dynamics of these processes are not well defined. A N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine/potassium iodide (DPD/KI)-based wet-chemistry method for measuring gas-phase NCl(3) concentration was verified and applied in chlorinated, indoor swimming pool facilities. Other gas-phase oxidants in the air of indoor pools provided interference of 15% or less. The DPD/KI method was applied for the measurement of gas-phase NCl(3) in four chlorinated, indoor swimming pool facilities. All results showed a correlation between bather loading and gas-phase NCl(3) concentration. The nature of swimmer activities also influenced air quality, presumably because of the effects of these activities on mixing near the gas-liquid interface. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The activities of swimmers promote transfer of volatile compounds from water to the surrounding air. For chlorinated, indoor pool facilities, this can lead to exposure to gas-phase chemicals that can cause irritation of the respiratory system and other tissues. The focus of this study was on NCl(3), a common disinfection by-product (DBP) in chlorinated pools. However, the conditions that promote NCl(3) transfer are likely to promote transfer of other volatile chemicals from water to air. As such, it is possible that other DBPs formed in pools may also contribute to diminished air quality.     

游泳池设计中不同循环方式的合理选择

针对游泳池水循环方式的选择对游泳池水质和布水均匀性的重要性,结合工程实例,对游泳池设计中水循环方式的选择和设计方法进行了探讨,指出在游泳池设计中应根据使用性质和工程的土建条件,确定其循环方式,以确保游泳池设计的经济合理。     

Volatile disinfection by-product analysis from chlorinated indoor swimming pools

Chlorination of indoor swimming pools is practiced for disinfection and oxidation of reduced compounds that are introduced to water by swimmers. However, there is growing concern associated with formation for chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs) in these settings. Volatile DBPs are of particular concern because they may promote respiratory ailments and other adverse health effects among swimmers and patrons of indoor pool facilities. To examine the scope of this issue, water samples were collected from 11 pools over a 6 month period and analyzed for free chlorine and their volatile DBP content. Eleven volatile DBPs were identified: monochloramine (NH₂Cl), dichloramine (NHCl₂), trichloramine (NCl₃), chloroform (CHCl₃), bromoform (CHBr₃), dichlorobromomethane (CHBrCl₂), dibromochloromethane (CHBr₂Cl), cyanogen chloride (CNCl), cyanogen bromide (CNBr), dichloroacetonitrile (CNCHCl₂), and dichloromethylamine (CH₃NCl₂). Of these 11 DBPs, 10 were identified as regularly occurring, with CHBrCl₂ only appearing sporadically. Pool water samples were analyzed for residual chlorine compounds using the DPD colorimetric method and by membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS). These two methods were chosen as complementary measures of residual chlorine, and to allow for comparisons between the methods. The DPD method was demonstrated to consistently overestimate inorganic chloramine content in swimming pools. Pairwise correlations among the measured volatile DBPs allowed identification of dichloromethylamine and dichloroacetonitrile as potential swimming pool water quality indicator compounds.     

Dynamic real‐time monitoring of chloroform in an indoor swimming pool air using open‐path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

This study used open‐path Fourier transform infrared (OP‐FTIR) spectroscopy to continuously assess the variation in chloroform concentrations in the air of an indoor swimming pool. Variables affecting the concentrations of chloroform in air were also monitored. The results showed that chloroform concentrations in air varied significantly during the time of operation of the swimming pool and that there were two peaks in chloroform concentration during the time of operation of the pool. The highest concentration was at 17:30, which is coincident with the time with the highest number of swimmers in the pool in a day. The swimmer load was one of the most important factors influencing the chloroform concentration in the air. When the number of swimmers surpassed 40, the concentrations of chloroform were on average 4.4 times higher than the concentration measured without swimmers in the pool. According to the results of this study, we suggest that those who swim regularly should avoid times with highest number of swimmers, in order to decrease the risk of exposure to high concentrations of chloroform. It is also recommended that an automatic mechanical ventilation system is installed to increase the ventilation rate during times of high swimmer load.     

Exposure assessment for swimmers in bathing waters and swimming pools

Bathing water compliant with bathing water legislation may nevertheless contain pathogens to such a level that they pose unacceptable health risks for swimmers. Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) can provide a proper basis for protective measures, but the required data on swimmer exposure are currently limited or lacking. The objective of this study was to collect exposure data for swimmers in fresh water, seawater and swimming pools, i.e. volume of water swallowed and frequency and duration of swimming events.The study related to swimming in 2007, but since the summer of 2007 was wet and this might have biased the results regarding surface water exposure, the study was repeated relating to swimming in 2009, which had a dry and sunny summer. Exposure data were collected through questionnaires administered to approximately 19 000 persons representing the general Dutch population.Questionnaires were completed by 8000 adults of whom 1924 additionally answered the questions for their eldest child (<15 years). The collected data did not differ significantly between 2007 and 2009. The frequency of swimming and the duration of swimming were different for men, women and children and between water types. Differences between men and women were small, but children behaved differently: they swam more often, stayed in the water longer, submerged their heads more often and swallowed more water.Swimming pools were visited most frequently (on average 13-24 times/year) with longest duration of swimming (on average 67-81 min). On average, fresh and seawater sites were visited 6-8 times/year and visits lasted 41-79 min. Dependent on the water type, men swallowed on average 27-34 ml per swimming event, women 18-23 ml, and children 31-51 ml.Data on exposure of swimmers to recreational waters could be obtained by using a questionnaire approach in combination with a test to measure mouthfuls of water for transformation of categorical data to numerical data of swallowed volumes of water. Previous assumptions on swimmer exposure were replaced with estimates of exposure parameters, thus reducing uncertainty in assessing the risk of infection with waterborne pathogens and enabling identification of risk groups. QMRA for Cryptosporidium and Giardia was demonstrated based on data from previous studies on the occurrence of these pathogens in recreational lakes and a swimming pool.     

游泳池防水系统与饰面层装饰质量控制探讨

游水池设计不周密、施工不规范、管理不到位等原因易引起水池渗漏,影响业主的居住体验,也会造成极大的返修损耗。结合多年装饰施工技术研究经验,总结了游泳池防水施工中的关键工序管控要点和质量影响因素,并就如何提升饰面层装饰质量作了重点分析,为提升游泳池防水与装饰质量提供参考。     

架空游泳池防水做法实例分析

架空游泳池不同于埋入地下的游泳池，它一般在室内而且架空在不同楼层，其下部通常为公共营业场所，如果出现渗漏现象将会产生比较大的经济损失。因此，架空游泳池防水等级一般要求较高，业主、设计、监理及施工等参建各方都非常重视游泳池的防水做法舜口防水施工情况，以确保游泳池设计质量和施工质量，杜绝游泳池出现渗漏等质量问题。文章从项目管理方角度出发，通过对某酒店架空游泳池原设计防水做法和工程实际采用的防水做法实例进行分析，阐述作者的一些观点和看法。