基于变分模态分解与快速谱峭图的齿轮箱滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对齿轮箱的滚动轴承故障信号因噪声干扰,难以进行有效提取的问题,提出了基于变分模态分解与快速谱峭图相结合的轴承故障特征提取方法。首先,利用变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)将振动信号分解成若干个本征模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),通过相关峭度计算选取故障信息最突出的分量信号;然后,利用快速谱峭图自适应地确定带通滤波;最后,对滤波后的信号进行平方包络谱分析,提取出故障信息。通过公开数据分析和齿轮箱轴承故障实验,证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于VMD与增强包络谱的轴承早期故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承的早期故障信号容易受到噪声的干扰,造成信号的信噪比较低等问题,结合VMD和增强包络谱两种算法的优势,提出了一种基于遗传算法优化VMD与增强包络谱的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,使用包络熵与平方包络谱峭度的组合作为遗传算法的适应度函数,对变分模态分解的参数进行了寻优,得到了最优的模态分量个数和惩罚因子组合;然后,使用最优参数组合对轴承故障信号进行了变分模态分解,得到了若干模态分量,并选择了最小适应度值对应的最优模态分量;最后,为验证该方法的有效性,采用无刷直流电机轴承和全寿命加速退化轴承两种实测信号进行了轴承故障类型识别分析。研究结果表明：相比传统方法,采用基于VMD与增强包络谱的方法,其输出信噪比平均提升了5.94 dB,对于全寿命轴承退化数据可提前600 min识别出轴承的早期故障;该方法具有输出信噪比高、适应性好等优点,在轴承的微弱信号检测和早期故障识别方面具有较好的应用前景。     

基于FOA的变分模态分解在轴承故障诊断中的应用

变分模态分解(VMD)广泛应用于故障诊断中,从振动信号中提取故障特征是故障诊断过程中的关键部分。针对强背景噪声和脉冲干扰下滚动轴承早期故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了一种新的基于果蝇优化算法(FOA)的变分模态分解的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用果蝇优化算法自适应优化VMD的惩罚参数α和分解数K,获取最优参数组合;然后,对信号进行VMD分解,得到K个模态分量;最后,基于峭度最大化准则选取最优模态分量进行包络解调分析,提取出故障特征频率。通过仿真信号分析、实际故障轴承信号验证以及与基于果蝇优化算法的多分辨奇异值分解(MRSVD)方法进行对比,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

基于时变滤波经验模态分解的轴承故障诊断

针对经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)由于模态混叠现象难以有效提取轴承故障特征的问题,提出了一种基于时变滤波经验模态分解(time varying filtering based empiricalmode decomposition,TVF-EMD)的轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用TVF-EMD方法对轴承故障信号进行自适应分解,得到一组内禀模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMFs),然后根据峭度最大准则选取包含主要故障特征信息的IMF分量,最后对选取的敏感分量进行进一步的包络解调分析,提取出故障特征信息,从而进行故障诊断。轴承故障诊断实例证实了所提方法能准确提取轴承故障的特征信息,实现轴承故障的有效诊断;通过与总体经验模态分解(ensemble empirical modedecomposition,EEMD)方法的对比研究,表明了所提方法的优越性。     

基于VMD和奇异差分谱的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

针对强噪声环境下滚动轴承早期故障特征信息非常微弱且难以提取的问题,提出了基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和奇异值差分谱的故障诊断方法。首先对轴承故障振动信号进行VMD分解得到一系列本征模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMFS),由于噪声的干扰,很难从各个模态分量中提取有效的故障特征信息;然后根据相关系数准则,对相关系数较大的分量构建Hanke矩阵进行奇异值分解,求取奇异值差分谱,从差分谱中确定重构信号的有效阶次对信号进行降噪处理;最后对降噪处理后的信号进行Hilbert包络处理,从包络谱中即可准确地提取到故障特征频率。仿真信号和工程数据处理结果表明,该方法能够有效地降低噪声的影响,精确地提取到轴承微弱的故障特征频率信息。     

基于参数优化VMD的齿轮箱故障特征提取方法

为解决齿轮箱故障振动信号信噪比低、故障特征提取难的问题,提出了基于参数优化变分模态分解(VMD)的齿轮箱故障特征提取方法。首先,以分解结果的局部极小包络熵最小为目标,利用果蝇算法搜寻VMD分解参数K和α的最优组合;将原始信号分解成若干IMF分量,从中选择包络熵较小的分量进行信号重构,并对重构信号进行包络解调运算,从重构信号的包络谱中提取故障频率特征。结果表明,利用此方法对实测信号进行处理,成功降噪、提取齿轮箱故障特征,并且比利用经验模态分解方法降噪效果更好,提取的故障特征更加明显。     

基于总体平均经验模态分解与1.5维谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障冲击信号微弱,强噪声干扰下故障特征难以提取等问题,提出了基于总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)与1.5维谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。由于经验模态分解(EMD)在对信号进行分解时容易产生模态混叠现象,引入总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)。首先将最小熵解卷积(MED)作为前置滤波器,对原始信号进行降噪处理,再利用1.5维谱对经过EEMD分解得到的较为敏感的本征模态函数进行分析,得到各个分量的1.5维包络谱,最终判断轴承是否存在故障。通过仿真信号及实验信号验证了文中所论方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于经验小波变换的轴承故障诊断研究

针对经验模态分解(EMD)易产生模态混叠、受噪声影响大的难题,提出了一种基于经验小波变换(EWT)的轴承故障诊断方法。EWT综合利用了经验模态分解和小波变换的优点,通过构建自适应的小波滤波器组,提取信号中包含的不同固有模态分量,能有效消除模态混叠现象,提高信噪比。首先利用EWT将振动信号分解成不同特征时间尺度的单分量固有模态函数,然后计算各固有模态函数的包络谱和时频谱。通过仿真信号和齿轮箱轴承故障振动信号的研究表明:EWT能有效提取强背景噪声中的微弱信号,提取轴承故障特征,其性能优于EMD和总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)。     

基于VMD和MED的滚动轴承微弱故障特征提取

针对强噪声环境下滚动轴承故障特征信息非常微弱且难以提取的问题,提出基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和最小熵解卷积(Minimum Entropy Deconvolution,MED)的滚动轴承微弱故障特征提取方法。基于VMD和MED的滚动轴承微弱故障特征提取方法首先采用VMD对滚动轴承故障信号进行分解,得到多个模态分量,由于噪声的干扰,很难从各个模态分量中提取有效的故障特征信息;然后根据相关系数准则,选取与原始信号相关系数较大的模态分量进行重构,再对重构后的信号进行MED降噪处理;最后对降噪处理后的信号进行Hilbert包络解调,从得出的包络谱中即可准确地提取到故障特征信息。轴承故障实验信号处理结果表明,该方法可以有效地降低噪声的影响,精确地提取滚动轴承微弱的故障特征信息。     

CEEMD-VMD与参数优化SVM结合的托辊轴承故障诊断

针对托辊轴承工作环境复杂、提取故障特征困难等问题,提出一种基于互补集合经验模态分解(Complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, CEEMD)和变分模态分解(Variational modal decomposition, VMD)相结合的降噪方法。首先,利用CEEMD将采集到的信号进行分解,依据相关系数和峭度筛选分量并进行重构,生成新的信号;然后,利用VMD将新的信号进行再分解,并基于包络熵和包络谱峭度组合的复合指标优选本征模态分量(Intrinsic mode functions, IMF);最后,提取相应的特征输入樽海鞘群优化支持向量机(Salp swarm optimization support vector machine, SSO-SVM)模型完成故障诊断。实验结果表明:对于正常轴承、轴承内圈故障、轴承外圈故障三种情况,诊断准确率达97.78%。与单一降噪方法相比,该方法可以有效提高故障信号的信噪比,降噪效果明显。     

IVMD融合奇异值差分谱的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障阶段存在特征信号微弱、故障识别相对困难的问题,提出了融合改进变分模态分解和奇异值差分谱的诊断方法。原始信号经改进变分模态分解方法处理后,被分解为若干本征模态函数分量,利用包络谱稀疏度指标筛选出最佳分量构造Hankel矩阵并进行奇异值分解,求取奇异值差分谱后,根据差分谱中的突变点重构信号,最终通过分析信号的包络谱可判断轴承的故障类型。利用改进变分模态分解融合奇异值差分谱的方法对轴承故障模拟及实测信号进行分析,均成功提取出微弱特征信息,能够实现滚动轴承早期故障的有效判别,具有一定的可靠性和应用价值。     

Application of EEMD and improved frequency band entropy in bearing fault feature extraction

Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is widely used in condition monitoring of modern machine for its unique advantages. However, when the signal-to-noise ratio is low, the de-noising function of it is often not ideal. Thus, a new fault feature extraction method for rolling bearing combining EEMD and improved frequency band entropy (IFBE) is proposed, i.e., EEMD–IFBE. According to the problem of multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) generated by EEMD, how to select the sensitive IMF(s) that can better reflect fault characteristics, a novel method based on FBE for sensitive IMF is proposed. In addition, since the bandwidth parameter is set empirically when the band-pass filter is designed based on the original FBE, a novel bandwidth parameter optimization method based on the principle of maximum envelope kurtosis is proposed. First, the original vibration signal is subjected to EEMD to obtain a series of IMFs; Then, the FBE values are obtained for the original signal and each IMF component, and the bandwidth of the band-pass filter (empirically) is designed as the characteristic frequency band at the minimum entropy value, and the affiliation between the characteristic frequency band of each IMF and the characteristic frequency band of the original signal is compared, and then selecting the sensitive IMF(s) that reflects the characteristics of the fault; Third, due to the influence of background noise, it is difficult to accurately obtain the fault frequency from the selected IMF(s). Therefore, the band-pass filter designed based on FBE is used, and the bandwidth parameter is optimized based on the principle of envelope kurtosis maximum, and then the selected sensitive IMF is band-pass filtered. Finally, the envelope power spectrum analysis is performed on the filtered signal to extract the fault characteristic frequency, and then the fault diagnosis of the bearing is realized. The method is successfully applied to simulated data and actual data of rolling bearing, which can accurately diagnose fault characteristics of bearing and prove the effectiveness and advantages of the method.     

基于RSGWPT-LCD的轴承信号故障特征提取及模式识别

为了有效提取滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征和提高分类识别精度,提出了一种基于冗余二代小波包变换-局部特征尺度分解(redundant second generation wavelet packet transform-local characteristic scale decomposition,简称RSGWPT-LCD)和极限学习机(extreme learning machine,简称ELM)相结合的故障特征提取和分类识别方法。首先,利用希尔伯特变换对原始振动信号进行处理,得到包络信号;其次,基于双层筛选机制,结合冗余二代小波包变换(redundant second generation wavelet packet transform,简称RSGWPT)和局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,简称LCD)方法对包络信号进行分解,筛选出包含主要信息的内禀尺度分量(intrinsic scale components,简称ISCs);然后,对提取的各ISCs分量构建初始特征矩阵并进行奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD),将得到的奇异值作为表征各损伤信号的特征向量;最后,以提取的特征向量为输入样本,建立ELM模式分类器对滚动轴承损伤信号进行识别。信号仿真和实测数据表明,该方法可有效提取振动信号故障特征,提高分类识别精度,实现滚动轴承故障诊断。     

A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on IMF envelope spectrum and SVM

Targeting the modulation characteristics of roller bearing fault vibration signals, a method of fault feature extraction based on intrinsic mode function (IMF) envelope spectrum is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional envelope analysis method. By utilizing the proposed feature extraction method, the disadvantages of conventional envelope analysis method such as the chosen of central frequency of filter with experience in advance, looking for spectral line of fault characteristic frequencies in envelope spectrum and so on could be overcome. Firstly, the original modulation signals are decomposed into a number of IMFs by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. Secondly, the ratios of amplitudes at the different fault characteristic frequencies in the envelope spectra of some IMFs that include dominant fault information are defined as the characteristic amplitude ratios. Finally, the characteristic amplitude ratios serve as the fault characteristic vectors to be input to the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers and the work condition and fault patterns of the roller bearings are identified. Since the recognition results are available directly from the output of the SVM classifiers, the proposed diagnosis method provides the possibility to fulfill the automatic recognition to machinery faults.     

基于IEWT和MCKD的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对经验小波变换（Empirical wavelet transform,EWT）对强噪声环境中滚动轴承微弱故障诊断的不足,主要是傅里叶频谱分段不当的问题。提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积（Maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD）降噪与改进EWT相结合的滚动轴承早期故障识别方法。首先采用最大相关峭度解卷积算法以包络谱的相关峭度最大化为目标对原信号进行降噪处理、检测信号中的周期性冲击成分,然后根据信号Fourier频谱的包络极大值进行分段,通过分析各频段平方包络谱中明显的频率成分来诊断故障。新方法能有效降噪、增强信号中周期性冲击特征、降低单次偶然冲击的影响、抑制非冲击成分。通过对含外圈、内圈故障的滚动轴承进行试验分析,结果表明,相比于快速谱峭度图和小波包络分析方法,该方法提取出的特征更加明显,能有效实现滚动轴承早期微弱故障的识别。     

基于改进EMD和谱峭度法滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障信号的强背景噪声特点,提出一种基于改进经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)与谱峭度法的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法.首先,利用EMD方法对原故障信号进行分解,得到若干平稳固有模态分量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF);然后,采用灰色关联度与互信息相结合方法剔除传统EMD分解结果中存在的虚假分量;最后,运用谱峭度法和包络解调方法对真实IMF分量进行分析,提取故障特征频率.通过对实际滚动轴承故障信号的应用表明,该方法可有效地提取滚动轴承故障特征,且能够取得比传统包络解调分析更好的效果.     

载荷影响下的机电阻抗协整结构损伤识别方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征信息十分微弱难以提取以及可调品质因子小波变换(tunable Q-factor wavelet transform，简称TQWT)参数设置依赖使用者经验的问题，提出改进的TQWT的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先，设定Q因子的区间范围，利用TQWT对滚动轴承故障振动信号进行分解得到若干个分量；其次，对各分量进行包络导数能量算子解调，在能量谱中根据特征频率强度系数这一指标自适应地确定TQWT的最佳分解参数，实现对故障信号的最优分解；最后，通过对最佳分量的包络导数能量谱分析即可准确地提取到轴承故障特征信息。通过对仿真信号、实验数据以及工程案例分析表明，该方法能够有效提取滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征并准确判断出滚动轴承故障类型，具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Weak fault feature extraction of rolling bearing based on cyclic Wiener filter and envelope spectrum

In vibration analysis, weak fault feature extraction under strong background noise is of great importance. A method based on cyclic Wiener filter and envelope spectrum analysis is proposed. Cyclic Wiener filter exploits the spectral coherence theory induced by the second-order cyclostationary signal. The original signal is duplicated and shifted in the frequency domain by amounts corresponding to the cyclic frequencies. The noise component is optimally filtered by a filter-bank. The filtered signal is analyzed by performing envelope spectrum. In the envelope spectrum, characteristic frequencies are quite clear. Then the most impactive part is effectively extracted for further fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on both simulated signal and actual data from rolling bearing accelerated life test.     

基于Hilbert谱奇异值的轴承故障诊断

针对机械故障振动信号时频特征提取问题,提出一种基于Hilbert谱奇异值的特征提取方法,并将其应用于轴承故障诊断。该方法首先利用经验模式分解方法将振动信号分解为若干个内蕴模式函数之和,接着对每个内蕴模式函数进行Hilbert变换得到振动信号的Hilbert谱,然后对Hilbert谱进行奇异值分解,得到反映机械状态特征的奇异值序列,最后利用奇异值作为特征向量,使用支持向量机进行轴承故障诊断。轴承正常、内圈故障、滚动体故障、外圈故障实测信号实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取轴承故障振动信号特征。
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POVMD与包络阶次谱的变工况滚动轴承故障诊断

针对变转速滚动轴承故障特征提取较难的问题,提出一种基于参数优化变分模态分解(parameter optimized variational mode decomposition,简称POVMD)与包络阶次谱的变工况滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,采用POVMD对变转速滚动轴承振动信号进行分解,得到若干个本征模态函数之和;其次,对各个分量的时域信号进行角域重采样,将时变信号转化为平稳信号处理,再利用Hilbert变换估计重采样后的平稳信号的包络;最后,对得到的包络信号进行阶比分析,从谱图中读取故障特征信息。将POVMD方法与经验模态分解进行了对比,仿真信号分析结果表明了POVMD方法的优越性。将提出的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断方法应用于试验数据分析,分析结果表明,所提出的方法能够实现变转速滚动轴承的故障诊断,而且诊断效果优于现有方法。