On the Development of Applications of Logic in Programming

1.Preliminary RemarksBy Logic we mean the discipline which includes proof theory,model theory,recur-sion thoery and axiomatic set theory.In recent years there is a growing recognition of therelevance of logic to computer programming.The close relationship between these twofields seems to be aptly capsuled in the formula proposed by Patrick Hayes among others     

Current Status of Education of Deseriptive Geometry in Europe

In this paper the importance of eometry?and raphics?for the advancement of science and knowledge in 19th century is pointed out. Klein and Müller reform of geometry syllabus in 19th century and the education situation of Geometry and Graphics in Europe during the last third of 20th century are introduced. The problems of geometry and graphics education during the next decedes and six proposals are presented.     

Recent Progress in Computerization of TCM

The principles of Traditional Chinese Medical （TCM） diagnosis are based on the information obtained from four diagnostic processes, which are inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry and palpation. These diagnosis methods mainly rely on the experiences of the doctors. With the development of information technology, computerization of the diagnosis method is urgent. However, there are so many challenges in this field. This paper will provide detailed introduction of these contents. Through it, the state of arts of the computerization of TCM and the existing challenge of this field can be gotten.     

Normalization of Class Hierarchy in Databases

In complex object oriented databases,the purpose of introducing class hierarchy is to express ISA semantics,to realize inheriting and to reuse schema definition codes.The schema defintition and schema evolution,based on the partial order of lattice,often cause the loss o information inheriting and the redundance of schema definition.Based on the fullness of the inheritance shown by class hierarchy,three normal forms of class hierarchy are given in this paper,and a general algorithm of normalization of class hierarchy is presented,following the Boolean algebra model of class hierarchy.The loss of information inheritance can be avoided when they are applied to schema design and schema evolution.     

Detection of And-Parallelism in Logic Programs

In this paper,we present a detection technique of and-parallelism in logic programs.The detection consists of three phases:analysis of entry modes,derivation of exit modes and determination of execution graph expressions.Compared with other techniques^[2,4,5],our approach with the compile-time program-level data-dependence analysis of logic programs,can efficiently exploit and-parallelism in logic programs.Two precompilers,based on our technique and DeGroot‘s approach^[3] respectively,have been implemented in SES-PIM system^[12],Through compiling and running some typical benchmarks in SES-PIM,we conclude that our technique can,in most cases,exploit as much and-parallelism as the dynamic approach^[13]does under“produces-consumer”scheme,and needs less dynamic overhead while exploiting more and parallelism than DeGroot‘s approach does.     

Application of Curved Surface of Ball Movement in Hydraulic Engineering

The curved surface of ball movement is a connecting bent pipe commonly used in hydraulic engineering. The curved surface poses a complicated problem with computation. The mathematic model of the circular curved surface of ball movement in engineering is set up by adopting the concept of envelope curved surface.     

Latitudinal variation of trends in ClO in the vertical structure of the tropical–subtropical stratosphere

Trends in chlorine monoxide (ClO) over the tropical–subtropical stratosphere (40° S–40° N) have been studied by analysing data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) for the period 1991–1999 using the multifunctional regression model. Trends in ClO show latitudinal variation and they are almost symmetrical around the equator. Trend profiles reveal negative trends in the middle stratosphere (46–30 mb), no trends near 20 mb and then positive trends in the upper stratosphere. A negative maximum near 46 mb and a positive maximum near 6.8–4.6 mb level is observed over the tropical and subtropical belts.     

Application of CGI in Cooperative Design Environment

The paper analyzes the principles and applications of CGI for collaborative design. The utility model possessing broad reference values is set up and its implementation techniques are presented in detail.     

Solution of the Problem of H∞-control in the Presence of Regular Nonlinearities

For the problem with H-criterion and uncertain nonlinear block with a regular part of the perturbation vector, equations of a class of controllers were obtained. These controllers can exert a sufficiently small influence of the regular component on the given output process.     

Parallel Transitional Rules of Items in Parsing

Context-free Grammars（CFGs）, which are connected with linear Arrays, can be parsed in parallel on IL（i） structures and store items of the form [ij,B→η＊] in these structures. In this algorithm, what can be found in this transferring process are the efficiency and superiority of the algorithm. The transferring rules of IL（i） are portrayed in detail in this paper, and it can avoid the uselessness of transferring items in these circular structures, and the transferring process under these definitions is also given out.     

Optimization of Multi-Join Queries in Shared-Nothing Systems

This paper proposes a semi-greedy framework for optimizing multi-join queries in shared-nothing systems.The plan generated by the framework comprises several pipelines,each performing several joins.The framework determines the “optimal” number of joins to be performed in each pipeline.The decisions are made based on the cost estimation of the entire processing plan.Two existing optimization algorithms are extended under the framework.An analytical model is presented and used to compare the quality of plans produced by each optimization algorithm.Our study shows that the new algorithms outperform their counterparts that are not extended.     

The mediating role of the dimensions of the perceived risk in the effect of customers’ awareness on the adoption of Internet banking in Iran

One of the major issues banks are faced with in providing Internet Banking (IB) services is the adoption of these services by the customers. This study seeks answer to the question that whether bank customers’ awareness of the services and advantages of IB is effective in reducing the negative effect of customers’ perceived risk on their intention of IB adoption. To this end, the two constructs of the dimensions of the perceived risk and IB awareness are simultaneously considered. Besides, in the research model, the effect of IB awareness on each dimension of the perceived risk and the effect of these dimensions on intention of IB adoption by the customers are investigated. The results indicate that IB awareness acts as a factor reducing all dimensions of the perceived risk (including time, financial, performance, social, security, and privacy). In addition, it was found out that except for social risk, other dimensions of the perceived risk have significantly negative effect on the intention of IB adoption. Finally, proving the direct and positive effect of IB awareness on adoption intention, it was concluded that the dimensions of customers’ perceived risk plays a mediating role in the positive effect of IB awareness on IB adoption intention. In this respect, management approaches centered on the concept of IB awareness are offered for reducing the dimensions of customers’ perceived risk.     

Preprocessing of Spatial Query in Distributed GIS

This paper focuses on spatial query optimization in distributed GIS. A new qualitative spatial relation model and its consistency problem solution which is composed of topology, direction, distance and size, are proposed. Research integrating the four aspects has not appeared before. A new method to deduce the constraints of spatial query is given, so it saves the query process time in distributed GIS. Finally, the methods and theories are applied to a distributed GIS project, and the experiment result is satisfactory.     

The Application of the Distribution Supervisory system of Computer in Substation of 500 KV

This paper put forward a kind of new supervisory system of computer - the distribution supervisory system of computer. The system is arranged through scattering, stratified control, which is developmental, and with powerful mutual oper-ating ness etc. The practical experience of the system for three years in Huajia (Henan) indicated that the system is reliable, safety, real-time and economy.     

What is the role of IT in innovation? A bibliometric analysis of research development in IT innovation

With the wide diffusion of information technology (IT) in our daily life and work, it is clear that product innovation and service innovation have more and more connection with IT, and IT has become an important tool or component in innovation. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into future studies pertaining to this area by investigating the research development of IT innovation using bibliometric analysis. The status of IT innovation study is analysed through citation analysis with the help of CiteSpace. Influential references, hot topics, top-tier journals and important institutes are all detected, and the intellectual structure of recent studies is also mapped in this study, and we find that research on IT innovation is mainly from two directions, innovation study group and information systems study group. Finally, we follow the logic of Nambisan [2013. “Information Technology and Product/Service Innovation: A Brief Assessment and Some Suggestions for Future Research.” Journal of the Association for Information Systems 14 (4): 215–226] to explore the relationship between IT and innovation through reviewing papers in the top journals in this field. We find that most studies treat IT as an enabler of innovation. Although some recent studies try to pay attention to the role of IT as a trigger for innovation and give some rationale for the IT–innovation relationship, further studies are still required to uncover the trigger effect mechanism.     

State Estimation of a Class of Hybrid Systems in the Presence of Unknown Mode Transitions

Since the state of hybrid systems is determined by interacting continuous and discrete dynamics,the state estimation of hybrid systems becomes a challenging problem.It is more com- plicated when the discrete mode transition information is not available,and the modes of hybrid systems are nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems.To address this problem,this paper proposes a novel hybrid strong tracking filter (HSTF) for state estimation of a class of hybrid nonlinear stochas- tic systems with unknown mode transition,the method for designing HSTF is presented.The HSTF can estimate the continuous state and discrete mode accurately with unknown mode transition in- formation,and the estimation of hybrid states is robust against the initial state.Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

The upper bound of the optimal number of clusters in fuzzy clustering

The upper bound of the optimal number of clusters in clustering algorithm is studied in this paper. A new method is proposed to solve this issue. This method shows that the rule cmax≤n~(1/n), which is popular in current papers, is reasonable in some sense. The above conclusion is tested and analyzed by some typical examples in the literature, which demonstrates the validity of the new method.     

Theory of truth degrees of propositions in the logic system L_n~*

Approximate reasoning based on the idea of fuzzy sets was firstly proposed by Zadeh[1] in 1973, which differs from the one advocated in Artificial Intelligence. Indeed, Artificial Intelligence emphasizes symbolic manipulation and roots itself in logic, em…     

Bargaining property of nucleolus and τ-value in a class of TU-games

First, we introduce pairwise-bargained consistency with a reference point, and use as reference points the maxmin and the minmax value within pure strategies of a certain constant-sum bimatrix game, and also the game value within mixed strategies of it. Second, we show that the pairwise-bargained consistency with reference point being the maxmin or the minmax value determines the nucleolus in some class of transferable utility games. (This result is known in the bankruptcy games and the pseudoconcave games with respect to supersets of the managers.) This class of games whose element we call a pseudoconcave game with respect to essential coalitions, of course, includes the bankruptcy games and the pseudoconcave games with respect to supersets of the managers. It is proved that this class of games is exactly the same as the class of games which have a nonempty core that is determined only by one-person and (n − 1)-person coalition constraints. And we give a sufficient condition which guarantees that the bargaining set coincides with the core in this class of games. Third, we interpret the τ-value of a quasibalanced transferable utility game by the pairwise-bargained consistency with reference point being the game value. Finally, by combining the second and the third results, if a transferable utility game in this class is also semiconvex, then the nucleolus and the τ-value are characterized by the pairwise-bargained consistency with different reference points which are given by the associated bimatrix game.     

Analysis of Half-Spin Particle Motion in Kerr–Newman Field by Means of Effective Potentials in Second-Order Equations

The self-conjugate Dirac Hamiltonian is obtained in the Kerr–Newman field. A transition is implemented to a Schrödinger-type relativistic equation. For the case where the angular and radial variables are not separated, the method of obtaining effective potentials is generalized. Effective potentials have isolated singularities on the event horizons as well as at certain parameters of the Kerr–Newman field and of the fermion in the neighborhoods of some values of the radial coordinate. For the extreme Kerr–Newman field, the impossibility of existence of stationary bound states of half-spin particles is proved.