蜂窝钢梁屈曲模型的相互影响

基于侧扭屈曲模型,采用三维非线性有限元法,考虑初始几何缺陷和材料非线性,研究普通和高强蜂窝钢梁的性能。通过不同跨度和横截面的蜂窝梁试验,对模型进行验证。研究了蜂窝钢梁的破坏荷载、屈曲模型间的相互影响、荷载-侧移曲线。采用有限元模型进行参数分析,研究横截面尺寸、梁长、型钢强度对蜂窝钢梁承载力和屈曲性能的影响。腹板的畸变屈曲较大地降低了细长蜂窝钢梁的承载力。将有限元分析得到的侧扭屈曲下钢梁破坏荷载与澳大利亚规范进行比较,结果表明:规范对侧扭屈曲下普通蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析偏保守,对腹板屈曲下蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析较合理,而对侧扭屈曲下高强蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析非常保守。     

折线形腹板钢梁静力非线性有限元分析

把工字形钢梁腹板加工成折板,是提高腹板抗屈曲能力的一种途径,考虑几何非线性和材料非线性,对折线形腹板钢梁和设置腹板加劲肋的钢梁进行了有限元分析,研究了折线形腹板钢梁的受力性能及钢梁应力和挠度的发展过程.研究表明,折线形腹板相邻板件互为支承,明显提高了腹板屈曲承载力,但屈曲后强度的提高不如设置加劲肋的腹板,钢梁有限元分析结果和实测值比较吻合.     

板件宽厚比对交叉钢梁稳定性影响研究

对中、美、欧现行规范关于钢结构截面类型及宽厚比限值的要求进行了归纳比较,利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了单根H形钢梁考虑初始缺陷的屈曲承载力分析并与规范公式计算结果进行了对比.在此基础之上,以雄安站站房雨棚钢结构为背景,选取具有代表性的区域建立空间交叉H形钢梁精细有限元模型.对不同板件宽厚比的空间交叉H形钢梁进行了非线性屈曲承载力分析,研究了翼缘宽厚比及腹板高厚比对空间交叉H形钢梁局部稳定性和屈曲性能的影响.研究结果表明:ABAQUS模型对钢梁整体稳定性计算结果与规范公式吻合度较高,设计中采用杆件单元模型进行结构整体稳定性分析是安全合理的.考虑翼缘约束作用的H形钢梁腹板屈曲计算模型与该项目交叉钢梁有限元弹性屈曲分析结果吻合良好,结构起坡所引起的不均匀正应力是导致钢梁腹板失稳的主要因素.翼缘厚度确定后,根据上翼缘失稳与腹板局部屈曲临界值确定腹板厚度,依据S3级截面要求所控制的次梁腹板厚度是经济合理的.     

圆孔蜂窝钢梁非线性屈曲有限元分析

采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对圆孔蜂窝钢梁进行非线性屈曲分析,探讨了几何非线性和材料非线性对非线性屈曲抗弯承载力的影响,从而为进一步研究圆形蜂窝梁提供了参考。     

非弹性屈曲下蜂窝钢梁的弯矩梯度因子

蜂窝钢梁的抗弯承载力受局部和整体失稳影响。使用有限元法研究混合屈曲模式下蜂窝钢梁的非弹性性能,建立一个考虑弯扭或畸变屈曲和横截面局部化变形之间相互作用的三维的非线性有限元模型,并根据现有研究文献中的可用结果进行验证。研究包括受三种不同荷载(跨中荷载、均布荷载和端弯矩)作用的简支梁,通过参数分析,从而评估不同几何参数对蜂窝钢梁非弹性稳定性的影响。这些参数包括钢梁横截面尺寸、翼缘宽度和厚度、腹板高度和厚度、开孔的形状和间距。介绍模拟研究中考虑各种尺寸的不同屈曲模式所对应的弯矩梯度因子。研究结果有望帮助更深入地研究蜂窝钢梁的性能,并准确预测弯矩梯度因子和这种特殊钢梁的抗弯承载力。     

腹板开孔冷弯薄壁槽钢梁屈曲性能试验及直接强度法研究

为了研究腹板开孔冷弯薄壁槽钢梁的屈曲性能和完善直接强度法,对开孔数量、卷边长度不同的冷弯薄壁槽钢梁进行了纯弯试验研究,其中长卷边和短卷边试件各8个,每种卷边的试件分别在腹板开设0、1、2、3个100 mm×40 mm的矩形孔洞。试验结果表明:腹板开孔使试件破坏模式从单一的畸变屈曲或局部屈曲变为以畸变屈曲为主的畸变-局部相关屈曲或以局部屈曲为主的局部-畸变相关屈曲;与未开孔钢梁相比,开孔钢梁的承载力有所降低,但开孔数量对钢梁承载力影响不大。采用ANSYS有限元程序对试验进行了模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元分析此类开孔构件的可行性。进而开展了有限元参数分析,验证了基于折减腹板厚度法利用有限条程序CUFSM求解腹板开孔冷弯薄壁槽钢梁弹性畸变屈曲临界应力的准确性,并对此类构件的弹性局部屈曲临界应力计算公式进行了修正。基于腹板开孔冷弯薄壁槽钢梁的试验结果、有限元分析结果以及弹性屈曲临界应力求解方法,得到了此类构件在以畸变屈曲为主和以局部屈曲为主破坏模式下的直接强度法修正公式。     

梯形波纹腹板钢梁弹性局部剪切屈曲计算分析

与平腹板钢梁相比,梯形波纹腹板钢梁腹板局部剪切屈曲性能有所提高。弹性局部剪切屈曲是梯形波纹腹板钢梁设计计算基础,本文运用ANSYS有限元计算分析梯形波纹腹板钢梁弹性局部剪切屈曲,并与经典公式进行计算对比,发现经典公式计算值与ANSYS有限元计算结果存在较大偏差。由于存在"手风琴效应",腹板承担的弯矩相对较小,以致在腹板局部剪切屈曲计算中通常被忽视,这种方法是否适用于所有梯形波纹腹板钢梁及其所造成的计算偏差值得研究。本文从荷载条件、波折角大小、腹板尺寸以及翼缘尺寸等方面对影响梯形波纹腹板弹性局部剪切屈曲的因素进行计算分析。分析表明,上述影响因素与腹板弯矩相关,而腹板弯矩的存在将影响腹板弹性局部剪切屈曲。     

高强钢焊接工字形截面压弯构件局部-整体相关屈曲分析北大核心CSCD

采用有限元法分析了Q460钢腹板高厚比超限(h w/t w=60,70,80,100,120)的焊接工字形截面压弯构件的极限承载力,研究了腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比、构件长细比和相对偏心率对其屈曲性能的影响,提出了计算Q460钢压弯构件局部-整体相关屈曲极限承载力的修正公式。研究表明,有限元法能很好地分析腹板高厚比超限的工字形截面压弯构件非线性屈曲性能;腹板高厚比增大,极限承载力提高,腹板屈曲后强度保持能力增大,延性增大。相反,翼缘宽厚比增大,构件极限承载力减小,腹板屈曲后强度保持能力减弱,延性降低;长细比增加,构件刚度明显减小,极限承载力降低,但延性却增大;相对偏心率增大,弯曲变形起主导作用,跨中挠度急剧增加,而轴力的变化相对变缓。提出的修正公式计算结果与有限元结果吻合很好。     

螺栓连接蜂窝梁孔间腹板屈曲性能分析

对螺栓连接蜂窝梁和传统焊接连接蜂窝梁孔间腹板屈曲性能进行了有限元分析,研究了不同连接方式对蜂窝梁孔间腹板的屈曲模式和屈曲承载力的影响。蜂窝梁上、下两部分的连接方式包括焊接、螺栓搭接连接、借助单侧拼接板对接和借助双侧拼接板对接等。结果表明,在相同截面尺寸、相同孔径的情况下,螺栓连接蜂窝梁具有与传统焊接蜂窝梁相同的受力性能;除借助单侧拼接板对接的蜂窝梁发生孔间腹板局部压屈与费氏剪力塑性铰耦合破坏外,其它连接方式的蜂窝梁均发生孔间腹板屈曲破坏;不同的连接方式对蜂窝梁的屈曲承载力影响较小,但对其跨中挠度影响较大。     

受约束蜂窝钢梁在火灾中大挠度变形的数值研究

使用有限元法研究受约束蜂窝钢梁(CSB)在火灾中的大挠度变形。对一种新型的多边形开孔形状的蜂窝钢梁进行研究。有限元模型所给出的承载力通过了实心腹板约束钢梁在火灾高温下的数值结果的验证。蜂窝钢梁的研究参数包括扩张比、腹板开孔大小、腹板开孔形状、腹板开孔位置以及对钢梁的弹性轴向约束。介绍端部反应力的发展、跨中挠度以及高温下受约束蜂窝钢梁临界区域的弯矩。为了让受约束蜂窝钢梁的轴向刚度小于实心腹板钢梁的轴向刚度,火灾中受约束蜂窝钢梁的热伸长所造成的压力要小于实心腹板钢梁的压力。且将较低温度下进入悬链作用阶段的受约束蜂窝钢梁与实心腹板钢梁相比较。结果表明:腹板开孔的大小、形状和位置对火灾中受约束蜂窝钢梁的悬链作用的影响很小。     

Assessment of load carrying capacity of castellated steel beams by neural networks

In this paper, load carrying capacity of simply supported castellated steel beams, susceptible to web-post buckling, is studied. The accuracy of the nonlinear finite element (FE) method to evaluate the load carrying capacity and failure mode of the beams is discussed. In view of the high computational burden of the nonlinear finite element analysis, a parametric study is achieved based on FE and an empirical equation is proposed to estimate the web-posts’ buckling critical load of the castellated steel beams. Also as other alternatives to achieve this task, the traditional back-propagation (BP) neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are employed. In this case, the accuracy of the proposed empirical equation, BP network and ANFIS are examined by comparing their provided results with those of conventional FE analysis. The numerical results indicate that the best accuracy associates with the ANFIS and the neural network models provide better accuracy than the proposed equations.     

Interaction of buckling modes in castellated steel beams

This paper investigates the behaviour of normal and high strength castellated steel beams under combined lateral torsional and distortional buckling modes. An efficient nonlinear 3D finite element model has been developed for the analysis of the beams. The initial geometric imperfection and material nonlinearities were carefully considered in the analysis. The nonlinear finite element model was verified against tests on castellated beams having different lengths and different cross-sections. Failure loads and interaction of buckling modes as well as load-lateral deflection curves of castellated steel beams were investigated in this study. An extensive parametric study was carried out using the finite element model to study the effects of the change in cross-section geometries, beam length and steel strength on the strength and buckling behaviour of castellated steel beams. The parametric study has shown that the presence of web distortional buckling causes a considerable decrease in the failure load of slender castellated steel beams. It is also shown that the use of high strength steel offers a considerable increase in the failure loads of less slender castellated steel beams. The failure loads predicted from the finite element model were compared with that predicted from Australian Standards for steel beams under lateral torsional buckling. It is shown that the Specification predictions are generally conservative for normal strength castellated steel beams failing by lateral torsional buckling, unconservative for castellated steel beams failing by web distortional buckling and quite conservative for high strength castellated steel beams failing by lateral torsional buckling.     

Finite element modelling of cold-formed steel beams under local buckling or combined local/distortional buckling

The finite element (FE) method is capable of solving the complex interactive buckling of cold-formed steel beams allowing for all important governing features such as geometrical imperfections, material nonlinearity, postbuckling, etc.; this is unlikely to be achieved by analytical methods. In this paper, two series of finite element models for buckling behaviour of laterally-restrained cold-formed steel Z-section beams have been developed with special reference to material and geometrical nonlinearities: one to allow for the possibility of combined local/distortional buckling and the other to allow for local buckling only. Four-point bending tests carried out by previous researchers have been used to verify the FE models. A simplified configuration of the test setup has been modelled in ABAQUS. In the local buckling FE models, distortional buckling has been restricted in the member using translational springs applied to the lip/flange corner of the beam. Predictions of load carrying capacity and deformed shapes exhibit excellent agreement with both the results from the more extensive models and laboratory tests. Further papers will exploit the developed FE models to investigate the different forms of buckling that occur in laterally-restrained cold-formed steel beams i.e. local, distortional and combined local/distortional.     

局部屈曲或局部和畸变屈曲综合作用下冷弯型钢梁的有限元模拟

有限元法可以解决冷弯钢梁复杂的相关联屈曲问题,其中包括很多重要的关键因素:几何缺陷、材料非线性和后屈曲等。也是该方法与其他分析方法的不同之处。根据特定的冷弯Z型钢梁的材料和几何非线性建立了两类研究屈曲性能的有限元模型。其中,一个模型用于分析局部和畸变屈曲综合作用,而另一个仅用于分析局部屈曲。通过先前的四点弯曲试验证实了有限元模型的有效性。利用ABAQUS软件,模拟了一个简化的试验装置。在局部屈曲有限元模型中,通过在梁翼缘角部设置弹簧以防止畸变屈曲。由于更多的模型与试验结果相吻合,证实了对承载力和变形的预测。未来的研究将优化有限元模型,以得到侧向受约束的冷弯型钢梁不同的屈曲形式,如:局部,畸变或局部与畸变综合作用。     

Parametric study of hexagonal castellated beams in post-tensioned self-centering steel connections

The effects of important parameters (beam reinforcing plates, initial post-tensioning, and material properties of steel angles) on the behavior of hexagonal castellated beams in post-tensioned self-centering (PTSC) connections undergone cyclic loading up to 4% lateral drift have been investigated by finite element (FE) analysis using ABAQUS. The PTSC connection is comprised of bolted top and bottom angles as energy dissipaters and steel strands to provide self-centering capacity. The FE analysis has also been validated against the experimental test. The new formulations derived from analytical method has been proposed to predict bending moment of PTSC connections. The web-post buckling in hexagonal castellated beams has been identified as the dominant failure mode when excessive initial post-tensioning force is applied to reach greater bending moment resistance, so it is required to limit the highest initial post-tensioning force to prevent this failure. Furthermore, properties of steel material has been simulated using bilinear elastoplastic modeling with 1.5% strain-hardening which has perfectly matched with the real material of steel angles. It is recommended to avoid using steel angles with high yielding strength since they lead to the yielding of bolt shank. The necessity of reinforcing plates to prevent beam flange from local buckling has been reaffirmed.     

Numerical investigation of inelastic buckling of steel–concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons

The ultimate resistance of a continuous composite beam is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode of the two which is sharply different from the torsional buckling mode in a bare steel beam. A finite element model is developed and based on the proposed FE model, inelastic finite element analysis of composite beams in negative bending is investigated, considering the initial geometric imperfection and the residual stress patterns and the FE results are found agree well with the test results. Parametrical analysis is carried out on the prestressed composite beams with external tendons in negative bending. Factors that influence load carrying performance and buckling moment resistance of prestressed composite beams are analyzed, such as initial geometric imperfection, residual stress in steel beams, force ratio, which is defined as the extent of prestressing force and negative reinforcement in the beams, as well as the slenderness ratios of web, flange, and beams. By varying cross-section parameters, 25 groups of composite beams under negative uniform bending with initial geometric imperfection, residual stress as well as different force ratios, 200 beams in total are studied by means of the FE method. The computed buckling moment ratios are drawn against the modified slenderness proposed by the authors and compared with the Chinese Codified steel column design curve. It is demonstrated that the tentative design method based on the Chinese Codified design curve can be used in assessment of buckling strength of composite beams in a term of the modified slenderness defined.     

Ultimate load carrying capacity of optimally designed steel cellular beams

The objective of the current research is to present ultimate load carrying capacities and finite element analysis of optimally designed steel cellular beams under loading conditions. The tests have been carried out on twelve full-scale non-composite cellular beams. There are three different types of NPI_CB_240, NPI_CB_260 and NPI_CB_280 I-section beams, and four tests have been conducted for each specimen. These optimally designed beams which have beginning span lengths of 3000 mm are subjected to point load acting in the middle of upper flange. The design method for the beams is the harmony search method and the design constraints are implemented from BS 5950 provisions. The last part of the study focuses on performing a numerical study on steel cellular beams by utilizing finite element analysis. The finite element method has been used to simulate the experimental work by using finite element modeling to verify the test results and to investigate the nonlinear behavior of failure modes such as web-post buckling and Vierendeel bending of steel cellular beams.     

Evaluating rating factor for prestressed concrete girder bridges by nonlinear finite element analysis

This study provides a new approach to evaluate the load carrying capacity in rating factor (RF) of prestressed concrete I type girder bridges utilising nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. RF has been conventionally calculated either by ultimate strength design (USD) or allowable stress design methods in terms of live load effects. This study introduces nonlinear FE analysis as a new approach to estimate the RF. In general, nonlinear FE analysis is considered as one of the most efficient methods to simulate structural behaviour. This method can also simulate a live load effect, which is very important for the load carrying capacity of structures. To apply nonlinear FE analysis, an FE live load constant was conceptually suggested to estimate the RF. On comparing the RF obtained via the conventional method of USD, it was found that the RF estimated by nonlinear FE analysis approach has almost the same value. Hence, the nonlinear finite element method-based RF methodology can be efficiently used to estimate the load carrying capacity of bridges.     

Seismic behavior of double steel concrete composite walls

An innovative double steel concrete (DSC) composite walls were developed to enhance constructability and lateral load resistance of buildings. In order to research the seismic behavior of DSC composite walls, experimental study was carried out. The high‐strength concrete and high axial load were considered. The failure mode, hysteresis behavior, lateral load‐carrying capacity, deformation, and energy dissipation of the composite walls under different testing parameters were observed. All specimens failed in a flexure behavior, with steel plate buckling and concrete compressive crushing in the bottom of composite walls. The pinching behavior was not significant for hysteresis loops of composite walls. Moreover, the lateral load‐carrying capacity and ductility coefficients increased significantly with spacing of constraining bolts and stiffeners decreased. In addition, the calculation method of the lateral load‐carrying capacity of DSC composite walls was proposed, with the consideration of force equilibrium and moment equilibrium. The finite element (FE) method was performed to analyze the failure process of the specimens with the cyclic load. The concrete damage plastic model was selected to simulate the damage progress of concrete. Validation of the FE models against the experimental results showed good agreement. The effect of different parameters was analyzed with FE models.