氯碱石蒸发工艺能耗分析及节能技术改造

氯碱厂烧碱的蒸发是烧碱生产系统的一个重要环节，并且是一个能耗较多的生产过程。本文针对内蒙古某氯碱厂蒸发工艺能耗情况作了较详细的分析，并对烧碱蒸发工序进行了一系列节能技术改造，使烧碱蒸发能耗明显降低，企业经济效益亦明显增加。     

论如何进一步降低烧碱的能耗

烧碱是化工产品中能耗大户之一,目前全国每一万吨烧碱可创5亿元产值的社会效益。而总能耗折标准煤量大体在450万吨左右,约占化工总能耗的5％。 虽然我国烧碱生产已有六十年的历史,但由于工艺技术和管理比较落后,致使各项能耗指标长期处于落后状态,只是在近十年来才有了明显的进展。尽管如此,和发达的先进国家比较,仍然存在较大的差距。如每吨100％的隔膜烧碱的直流电耗,先进国家在2200千瓦时以下,而我厂的平均水平在2450千瓦时(厂每天耗电100余万千瓦时,其中81％用于烧碱生产)。再如液碱蒸发过程的蒸汽单耗,先进国家只有2吨,而我厂的平均水平在2.8吨左右,仅此上述两项就足以说明差距,同时还说明我厂烧碱节能的潜力还是很大的。那么如何进一步降低烧碱的能耗?     

烧碱装置蒸汽换热网络系统的用能诊断

针对夹点技术被广泛应用于实际生产过程中的能效分析和节能改造情况,通过提取某氯碱厂烧碱生产现场蒸汽换热网络相关数据,利用Aspen软件对现场实测数据进行夹点分析和能效诊断,并找出换热网络能量利用的瓶颈所在。提出适合于实际生产的改造方法,所得结果可为工厂换热网络节能改造提供借鉴和指导。     

1996年中国烧碱市场前景分析

据预测1996年中国烧碱计划产量将比1995年增长9.75％,预测出口量将占政府计划生产量的6.7％。中国目前有氯碱厂200多家,生产方法以隔膜法为主,其它还有离子膜法、水银法和荷化法。离子膜法近几年发展迅速。“九五”期间,中国将淘汰水银法烧碱,改造近50万吨石墨阳隔膜法烧碱。1994年中国烧碱产量为428.81万吨,其中隔膜法占85.7％;离子膜法占9.5％;水银法占2.7％;苛化法占2.1％。1994年中国国内各行业对烧碱消费所占比例为:轻工行业占35％;纺织行业占18.9%;医药行业占5.16％;冶金行业占1.8％。 1995年以来,由于造纸和化     

氯碱厂化盐水加热方式的能耗分析

针对氯碱厂目前采用的几种化盐水加热方式,从能耗方面进行了比较分析,提出汽水混合加热器加热方式为最佳节能方案。     

精心指导 积极帮助企业节能管理上台阶

首先代表上海氯碱化工股份有限公司热烈祝贺“上海节能监察中心成立十周年”。上海氯碱化工股份有限公司是以生产烧碱、PVC等基础化工原料为主的国家大型企业,也是国家发改委2005年确定的“千家节能行动”单位之一。07年总能耗73万吨标准煤,万元产值能耗为1．739吨标准煤。2008年,我公司通过加强节能降耗管理,积极实施节能改进项目,综合能耗和万元产值能耗将进一步下降。     

2011年度单位产品能耗限额标准执行情况专项监察初步完成

根据有关文件精神,按照国家和地方公布的25项单位产品能源消耗标准,上海市节能监察中心,对本市48家重点用能企业生产的粗钢、常规燃煤发电、水泥、建筑卫生陶瓷、烧碱、铜冶炼、铜及铜合金管材等11项产品,进行了单位产品能耗限额标准执行情况专项监察。这些产品能耗总量约1100万吨标准煤,占2010年全市工业能耗总量19%。     

蒸发冷却式冷水机组能耗模型实验研究

针对蒸发冷却式冷水机组能耗模型进行实验研究。比较蒸发冷却式冷水机组与普通冷水机组在工作原理存在的异同并分析室外气象参数对系统能耗影响的基础上,用冷凝器侧进口空气的焓值影响替代普通冷水机组能耗模型中的冷却水进口温度影响,建立了蒸发冷却式冷水机组的能耗模型,并利用实测数据进行了参数估计与误差检验,结果显示改进模型的验证误差在8%以内,在精度上比现有模型有了较大的提升。     

氧化铝蒸发工序的用能分析及节能途径探讨

蒸发是氧化铝生产的重要工序之一,其能耗的高低直接制约了氧化铝生产工业的发展.提出了以体系能量分析为基础,找出高耗能且具高节能潜力的系统、单元或设备,有针对性地采取过程能量优化、更新升级设备、改进现有流程和开发应用新工艺等手段,实现节能降耗的经济实用的技术路线,并以氧化铝蒸发工序节能降耗为例进行了具体的分析说明.     

企业实施节能减排项目的新思路与方法——合同能源管理在氯碱公司的实践与探索

上海氯碱化工股份有限公司是国家发改委确定的"千家节能行动"单位之一,公司主营烧碱、PVC等基础化工原料,行业的特点决定了公司也是一家高能耗型生产企业,2010年公司在不断加大产业结构调整,关停了多套高耗能装置的情况下,年综合能耗仍然达到103万吨标准煤。随着全球经济的全面复苏和中国经济的进一步走强,持续     

Three-dimensionally interconnected titanium foam anode for an energy-efficient zero gap-type chlor-alkali electrolyzer

Chlor-alkali (CA) electrolysis is used to generate high-purity (>99.999%) chlorine and hydrogen gas, in addition to caustic soda (NaOH). Despite its usefulness, the electrochemical process consumes a large amount of electric energy. In this study, Ti foam was employed as the anode, and its morphological and electrochemical properties were compared with those of a dimensionally stable anode (DSA), which is commonly used in CA industries. The morphology and chemical composition of these anodes were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Porosity was determined by mercury porosimetry. Surface elemental characterization and crystallographic analysis of the electrodes were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The electrochemical performances of the cells employing each electrode were evaluated in terms of chlorine and hydrogen production rate, energy consumption, and hydrogen current efficiency. Finally, chronopotentiometry was carried out to verify the potential of the Ti foam as an energy-efficient anode.     

刨花板生产能耗指标的确定及节能措施

介绍了刨花板生产的状况及合理确定刨花板生产综合能耗指标的重要性,详细阐述了刨花板生产能耗的计算方法和修正系数;提出了刨花板生产企业节能降耗的有效措施。对加强刨花板企业能源管理、提高企业的能源利用效率以及减少能源的浪费等都具有一定的参考价值。     

纤维板生产能耗指标的确定及节能措施

介绍了纤维板生产的状况及合理确定纤维板生产综合能耗指标的重要性,阐述了纤维板生产能耗的计算方法和修正系数;提出了纤维板生产企业节能降耗的有效途径。对纤维板企业加强能源管理,提高企业的能源利用效率以及减少能源的浪费都具有一定的参考价值。     

Evaluation of renewable energies production potential in the Middle East: confronting the world’s energy crisis

Oil and fossil fuels, the main source of energy in the Middle East have obviously the most destructive effects on the environment and public health. The developed countries of the Middle East are faced with the crisis and energy security. This paper is about evaluating the energy demand /consumption in the Middle East. First, the position of energy consumption in the world and the Middle East is discussed. Next, the evaluation of the current potential of clean energy production from renewable energies is explained. Finally, according to related maps, charts and information presented for the condition of renewable energy which has been approved by the countries of the Middle East, the greatest places in some countries of this region are introduced and discussed.     

氯碱厂电解工艺电耗分析及降耗措施

本文针对内蒙古某氮碱厂电解工艺电耗偏高的状况，从降低槽电压、提高电流效率等方面出发，结合企业电解实际生产情况，进行了分析研究，并采取了相应的节电降耗措施。经过近二年来的节能措施的实施，电耗明显降低，同时提高了企业的经济效益。     

Evaluation and analysis of a proxy indicator for the estimation of gate-to-gate energy consumption in the early process design phases: The case of organic solvent production

Gate-to-gate process energy consumption is an important metric for sustainability as it affects both costs and environmental impact. As only little process information is available in early phases of chemical process design, a detailed energy consumption calculation is substantially restrained. Therefore, a reliable estimation of energy consumption in early phases of process design is an important alternative. In this work, an index representing process energy consumption was evaluated and tested for 14 organic solvent case studies. By using simplified process models the indices were calculated and compared to literature values for gate-to-gate energy consumption. The predictability of the process energy consumption on the basis of this indicator, including possible modifications in its original definition, was evaluated with the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients. The results further validated the use of the EI (energy index) in its original form as a proxy indicator of the process energy consumption for decision making in early stages of process design. For assessing the production of new classes of chemicals the EI should be evaluated as shown in this paper in order to establish its practicability. In certain cases an adjustment of the indicator categories may be necessary.     

氢氧化钾固碱工艺节能与安全技术改造

基于某企业6．5万吨／年氢氧化钾固碱工艺,针对节能及安全技术改造进行了设计,以期达到节能降耗、产品结构优化、确保安全发展的目的;结果对其他同类企业的节能降耗、安全生产等提供参考。     

Variables affecting energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in the steel industry

Specific energy consumption (SEC) is an energy efficiency indicator widely used in industry for measuring the energy efficiency of different processes. In this paper, the development of energy efficiency and CO₂ emissions of steelmaking is studied by analysing the energy data from a case mill. First, the specific energy consumption figures were calculated using different system boundaries, such as the process level, mill level and mill site level. Then, an energy efficiency index was developed to evaluate the development of the energy efficiency at the mill site. The effects of different production conditions on specific energy consumption and specific CO₂ emissions were studied by PLS analysis. As theory expects, the production rate of crude steel and the utilisation of recycled steel were shown to affect the development of energy efficiency at the mill site. This study shows that clearly defined system boundaries help to clarify the role of on-site energy conversion and make a difference between the final energy consumption and primary energy consumption of an industrial plant with its own energy production.     

空调冷冻装置节能对策

从生产现状出发,通过对空调冷冻装置采取多种节能措施,以及对提高节能水平和用能水平的过程进行分析总结,从而整合优化生产工艺,降低装置能耗。