塑料包装废弃物回收处理及进展

塑料包装废弃物的处理方法基本上可分为填埋、焚烧及回收再生利用。填埋是把垃圾作为废物处理,对垃圾资源的利用率低,不符合国家可持续发展战略。焚烧法可将不能再次利用的混杂塑料在焚烧炉中焚化,由其产生的大量热量可再次充分利用。但焚烧的过程中会产生大量的有害气体,对环境及人体造成危害。回收再生利用包括机械再生利用和化学再生利用。机械再生利用包括直接再生利用及改性再生利用;化学再生利用主要有热分解和化学分解两类。塑料再生利用是国家解决资源短缺的一个重大战略问题,我国废塑料回收利用前景看好。     

钢丝帘布中胶料回收方式的运用

钢丝帘布制成的胎体和带束层,作为全钢子午线轮胎的主要固定形状和承受冲击部件,在全钢轮胎生产企业中被制造使用。在其生产过程中会造成大量钢丝帘布报废,钢丝帘布因其是由按要求排列的钢丝和胶料通过压延机复合在一起的制品,无法直接回收利用,往往是直接卖给回收商,造成胶料成本的浪费。本论文主要针对报废钢丝帘布中胶料回收问题,通过胶料剥离装置、报废帘布储运小车、回收胶料储运装置及整体流程进行设计,对钢丝帘布中的胶料进行高效回收,降低生产成本。     

高抗冲聚苯乙烯废旧料高强改性再生技术

文章阐述了典型家电用塑料HIPS的回收料进行功能化设计和高强改性的技术路线,探讨了HIPS废旧料再生成为家电产品专用料的关键技术,即回收料的分选回收和再生料的配方设计,并对当前国内外最新的研究进展进行了介绍。再生型HIPS家电专用料不仅极大地缓解了环境污染的压力,还能变废为宝,成为市场需求量大、附加值高的材料。     

塑料衍生碳材料用于超级电容器的研究现状

塑料制品的过度使用,导致了严重的环境问题。将废旧塑料回收并转化为高附加值的碳材料并用于超级电容器等储能装置有着重要的意义,能够有效地降低环境污染并节约能源。本文首先对超级电容器的应用情况和塑料的使用以及回收处理现状进行了简单叙述,介绍了常见的废弃塑料处理方法、超级电容器的储能特点以及利用废弃塑料制备超级电容器碳材料的潜在价值;接着介绍了多孔碳电极材料的制备方法,对不同的制备方法的具体要求及其优缺点进行了简单分析;随后介绍了几种生活中常见的塑料,按照这些塑料的种类,分别对这些常见塑料回收用作超级电容器碳材料的研究现状进行了详细概述;最后对目前的研究现状进行总结,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。将废弃塑料回收并转化为超级电容器用活性碳材料,是一种新型的废弃塑料回收再利用的有效手段,能够有效地解决白色污染问题。     

废玻璃的回收和再利用

随着玻璃材料的使用越来越广泛,同时也产生了许多玻璃废弃物,形成大量的废玻璃制品,造成资源浪费,导致对环境负担和污染。废玻璃因为分量重、有棱角和颜色杂乱等特点,收集、运输都很困难,回收加工成本高。通过对废玻璃的回收工艺、分选方法和再利用途径的论述分析,提出了废玻璃的综合利用途径。     

Recycling of thermoplastic polystyrene waste using citrus peel extract for oil spill remediation

In this work, we report a low-cost, less energy intensive, and an innovative way of recycling thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) waste objects into submicron, aligned fibers using extract from citrus peel, an agricultural waste. As-fabricated recycled PS fabric is then structurally characterized and tested as an oil sorbent material. The hydrophobic-oleophilic PS fabric is found to absorb 40.5 ± 3.6 g/g of oil, with 77.3% oil retention within 1 h. To investigate the practical application of recycled PS fabric for oil spills remediation, we tested its buoyancy properties in oil-over-water static and dynamic system besides examining their reusability. The as-fabricated fabric floats on water after oil sorption indicating its high buoyancy and therefore can be collected easily after soaking the oil. This work is a simple illustration of systematic analysis of recycling two different waste materials (thermoplastic polystyrene and citrus peels) and reusing them into a more valuable product. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47886.     

Cellulose Regeneration and Chemical Recycling: Closing the “Cellulose Gap” Using Environmentally Benign Solvents

Strategies to mitigate the expected “cellulose gap” include increased use of wood cellulose, fabric reuse, and recycling. Ionic liquids (ILs) are employed for cellulose physical dissolution and shaping in different forms. This review focuses on the regeneration of dissolved cellulose as nanoparticles, membranes, nonwoven materials, and fibers. The solvents employed in these applications include ILs and alkali solutions without and with additives. Cellulose fibers obtained via the carbonate and carbamate processes are included. Chemical recycling (CR) of polycotton (cellulose plus poly(ethylene terephthalate)) is addressed because depending on the recycling approach employed, this process is akin to regeneration. The strategies investigated in CR include preferential dissolution or depolymerization of one component of the blend, and separation of both components using ILs. It is hoped that this review focuses the attention on the potential applications of regenerated cellulose from its solutions and contributes to the important environmental issue of recycling of used materials.     

膜技术在纺织印染工业清洁生产中的应用

介绍了近年来膜分离技术在纺织印染行业中的应用现状。膜技术的应用包括染料的脱盐、浓缩,印染废水的处理、回用,PVA、纤维油剂及羊毛脂的回收等方面。同时简要介绍了一些新型膜材料和其处理废水的效果。     

国外废旧塑料的再生利用

简述了废旧塑料的处理方法。着重介绍了世界工业发达国家,如美国、西欧、日本等国家近年来废旧塑料再生利用的情况及部分公司废旧塑料的再生回收技术。在世界性节能和节约资源的浪潮中,我国有关部门与行业应努力借鉴国外经验,开发废旧塑料的再生利用技术。     

退役磷酸铁锂材料资源化再利用研究进展

磷酸铁锂电池的产量随着新能源汽车的推广而逐年增加,相应的退役磷酸铁锂电池也大量产生,若不及时处理将会造成环境污染和资源浪费。介绍近几年来退役磷酸铁锂材料资源化再利用的研究进展,包括退役磷酸铁锂材料与集流体分离技术和退役磷酸铁锂材料的再利用技术,其中,退役磷酸铁锂材料的再利用技术包括元素选择性提取、退役磷酸铁锂材料再生等方面,分析了各工艺的优势与不足,最后展望了未来退役磷酸铁锂材料资源化再利用的发展方向。     

塑料的生命周期评价（LCA）

塑料的回收利用是近些年来再生资源研究的一个非常重要的方向。废旧塑料,尤其是消费后的废旧塑料是回收利用的重点。本文从回收方法和途径阐述了有关废旧塑料各类最新的塑料循环周期模型,进而说明积极的研究废旧塑料循环利用的新方法、新工艺具有十分重要的意义。     

循环经济和清洁生产在铜冶炼行业的实践

阳谷祥光铜业有限公司400kt／a高纯阴极铜冶炼原料主要来自国外,各种矿源成分较为复杂。在当前资源紧缺、环保要求日益严格的大环境下,清洁生产和循环经济成为行业的发展趋势。祥光铜业积极使用先进工艺和设备,最大限度地减少气体排放,深化废酸、废水回收再利用。通过污染控制、资源的再利用较好地发展了循环经济,为企业的可持续发展打下良好的基础。     

印制电路板行业的清洁生产

介绍了清洁生产和印制电路板行业的发展现状,提出采取清洁生产措施的重要意义.指出印刷电路板企业可以通过生产工艺清洁生产技术、废物回收和废水末端治理后回用、清洁生产管理等措施实现清洁生产.     

废印刷电路板中非金属材料的回收与利用

通过物理方法对废印刷电路板进行回收处理,研究了将非金属粉作为填料应用于聚丙烯(PP)复合材料时其复合材料的力学性能。当选用300目以细的非金属粉填充PP复合材料时,其力学性能得到了很好的提高,其中弯曲模量最大增幅为143%,弯曲强度最大增幅为69%,拉伸屈服强度最大增幅为59%。表明将非金属粉作为填料填充聚丙烯复合材料是一种可行的非金属粉利用方法。     

Matrix formulation and interfacial enhancement of an aeronautical carbon fabric/epoxy composites fabricated via resin transfer molding (RTM) technique

Flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of fiber-reinforced composites are among the most concerned properties in the aeronautical sector, which are ameliorated in combination through matrix formulation and interfacial enhancement in this study. A thermosetting matrix resin consisting of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and diglycidyl ester of aliphatic cyclo was formulated to cater to the requirements of carbon fabric/epoxy composites fabricated by resin transfer molding (RTM) technique. The toughness and thermal stability of the formulated epoxy resin were studied in consideration of the compromise among processability, thermal and mechanical properties for potential aeronautical applications. The processability of the matrix resin suitable for RTM technique was evaluated with respect to temperature-dependent and time-dependent viscosity. A regime for the curing and post-curing cycles was established according to the differential scanning calorimeter data. Air plasma is introduced herein as a technique to enhance the interfacial adhesion of carbon fabric/epoxy composites. Composites based on the epoxy system and plasma-treated carbon fabric were fabricated using the RTM technique. The reactive groups introduced by plasma treatment are responsible for the significant improvements of mechanical properties of the resulting composites. The microscopy pictures of the fracture surfaces confirm that the failure mode of carbon fabric/epoxy composites has changed initially from primarily adhesive failure to cohesive failure.     

Controlled release of 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide from waste gelatin–based blends and composites

The volume of plastic waste is becoming a serious problem for waste management. Waste management is based on four hierarchical approaches: reduction, reuse, recycling, and energy recovery. We now report on recycling of gelatin scraps that are derived during the production of pharmaceutical capsules, by using the gelatin scraps in the production of controlled‐release systems. This may help to minimize the side effects that often accompany the conventional application of pesticides. More important, the gelatins themselves, when degraded, might be useful to soil solarization and crop growth. Using and recycling these waste materials in the proposed application would save natural resources and consequently would be economically useful. The synthesis of gelatin films, and composites incorporating 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) as herbicide, will be described. Morphology and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests, respectively. The release of the MCPA herbicide from the prepared blends and composites was investigated. The prepared formulation proved to be useful for agricultural applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1420–1427, 2004     

废酸的处理利用技术介绍

介绍了化工行业产生的废盐酸、硫酸、硝酸的处理与再利用技术,为废酸的循环利用提供了适用技术。     

Mechanical characterization of untreated waste office paper/woven jute fabric hybrid reinforced epoxy composites

The aim of this work is to assess the opportunity to use untreated waste office paper, alone and in combination with jute fabric, as a reinforcement in epoxy composites. Five different stacking sequences were manufactured and tested. Adding untreated waste office paper sheets has been revealed to increase both flexural and tensile strength of the neat resin and of the untreated jute fabric reinforced composites. The effect of the hybridization on tensile and flexural behavior has been evaluated through scanning electron microscopy observations and acoustic emission. The results confirm that waste office paper sheets can be used as a reinforcement for an epoxy resin, thus representing a viable alternative to paper recycling. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

废弃塑料的回收利用

论述了目前废弃塑料回收利用方面的发展现状,介绍了聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯等废弃塑料的回收利用方法,以实现保护人类健康和减少环境污染和资源循环使用的目的。     

利用碳纤维原丝废丝制备离子液体固载催化剂

在工业中,醇氧化成醛是一个重要的反应,目前以离子液体负载小分子有机催化剂对醇的均相氧化研究较多,但其可回收再利用性较低。以聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维原丝废丝为原料,通过对废丝的处理,将其作为离子液体的阴离子,并成功将离子液体负载于PAN基碳纤维原丝废丝上,实现了在非均相反应中的均相反应,并为方便分离催化剂和重复利用催化剂提供了一种可能。