Information: 1992 Korshak's Readings

The Annual Korshak's Readings were held in the Institute of Elemento-Organic Compounds (IEOC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) on January 9,1992. They were organized by the Russian Academy of Sciences, IEOC, the Scientific Council on Macromolecules of the Division of General and Technical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Mendeleev Chemico-Technological Polytechnic (MCTP). About 100 scientists from 15 scientific centers of Russia participated in these Readings.     

Twenty-Fourth Kargin's Readings

The regular Kargin's Readings were held on January 24, 1994, in the Chemistry Department of Moscow State University. They were the 24th readings, Professor Valentin A. Kargin, the founder of polymer science in our country, the head of the Scientific Council on Macromol-ecules of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1948–1960), and the head of the Chair of Macromolecules of the Moscow State University, having passed away in 1969. Professor Kargin had founded the great school of experts in the area of physics and chemistry of polymers. He was very active in the science and his contribution mainly concerned the structural approach to synthesis, technology, and physical and chemical properties of polymers. Now Russian and foreign colleagues and disciples of Professor Kargin are preparing a memorial book about this outstanding scientist.     

Sixth Semenov's Readings

Abstract

The Sixth Semenov's? Readings were held on April 15, 1993, in Moscow, at the Institute of Chemical Physics (ICP) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They were organized by the Scientific Council of Moscow Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, the Scientific Council of Chernogolovka Institute of Chemical Physics? and by the Scientific Council on Chemical Kinetics and Structure of Compound of the Division of General and Technical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Following annual tradition the Readings were held on the Birthday of Professor Nikolai N. Semenov.     

The First Enikolopov's Readings

Abstract

The first Enikolopov Readings were held on March 14, 1994 at the Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials (ISPM), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. These Readings were dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of the Birthday of Professor Nickolay S. Enikolopov, who made an oustanding contribution to the development of Chemical Physics, Physical Chemistry, and Chemistry and Physics of Composites. The leaders of the Russian scientific community gathered in order to remember the achievements of this great scientist of the former Soviet Union.     

Evaluation of the effect of an organic solvent on the state and diffusion permeability of polyethylene terephthalate

A fast method of evaluating the limit of compatibility of organic solvents with polyethylene terephthalate was proposed. The correlation between the nature of the solvent, its solubility limit with the polymer, and the diffusion rate of disperse anthraquinone dye in plasticized polyethylene terephthalate was investigated.Institute of Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solutions, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 37–40, July–August, 1996.     

Structure and sorption properties of sized diacetate fibers

Lithuanian Textile Institute; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 40–43, January–February, 1993.     

Information: Polymer Flammability

This report describes an annual session of the Polymer Flammability Group of the Scientific Council on Combustion and Explosion. The session was focused upon summing up scientific activity of the institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the area of polymer flammability. The members of the Council and invited experts totalling about 100 scientists from 15 research centers of the Russian Academy participated in this session.     

Polymers in Eastern Europe

The year 1989 marked the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Division of Polymers and Composite Materials within the framework of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The conference to commemorate this event was held October 19–21, 1989. The results obtained by the division for the last 30 years were discussed. The division was created in 1959 on the initiative of Academician N. N. Semyenov, later the director of the institute. First, Prof. A. M. Markevich was appointed the head of the division. From the early 1970s to the late 1980s the division was headed by Academician N. S. Enikolopov; in 1988 Prof. A. A. Berlin was elected in charge of the division. About 700 people, including 50 doctors of sciences and 250 candidates for doctor of science degrees are engaged in the work of the division at the present time.     

A Method for Calculation of the Shape of Bent Sheet Glass Transported on a Roller Conveyer

Based on the model developed by the Institute of Silicate Chemistry (ISC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a method is proposed for calculating the variations of geometrical parameters in bent sheet glass when transported on a roller conveyer. This method makes it possible to estimate theoretically not only the shape of the article after transportation, but also the process characteristics, based on the required deformation level.     

Recent advances in interpenetrating polymer networks

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) can be defined as a combination of two polymers in network form, at least one of which was synthesized and/or crosslinked in the immediate presence of the other. Historically, the science of IPN's began with the papers of J. R. Millar in 1960 on homo-IPN's made from polystyrene, but the first recorded publication is a patent by J. W. Aylsworth in 1914. This latter system was based on phenol-formaldehyde for one network, and sulfur cured natural rubber for the other network. Early academic laboratories interested in IPN's include the Frisch team at Detroit and SUNY, who soon added their former student, Danny Klempner, and Yuri Lipatov's team at the Ukranian SSR Academy of Sciences in the USSR, as well as the author's laboratory. More recent academic teams interested in IPN's include Douglas Hourston at the University of Lancaster, England; Robert Cohen at MIT; S. C. Kim at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; G. Meyer and J. M. Widmaier in Strasbourg, France; and many others. Numerous industrial laboratories are interested, noting that about 90 U.S. patients have been granted, most of them in the past ten years. Systems of special interest include the new thermoplastic IPN's, which are really hybrid materials between polymer blends and IPN's, and the IPN-based RIM (reaction injection molding) materials. Other materials include the sequential IPN's and the SIN's, which have both polymers simultaneously polymerized, and the latex IPN's, which often exhibit core-shell characteristics.     

Studies and developments of the Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Resources of the Kola Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, in the field of materials science for the solution of special technical problems

The Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Resources of the Kola Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, has published the results of studies and developments in the field of materials science for the solution of special technical problems; presented the technological schemes for the production of some rare metal powders by hydrogenation-dehydrogenation, agglomerated capacitor powders, and zirconium powders produced by sodium thermal reduction; described the casting method for the production of magnetron sputtering targets, as well as the technology of special purity electrolytic cobalt tested for the production of refractory alloys used in the manufacturing of gas turbine engine blades; demonstrated the potential use of the mineral resources in the Kola region to replace imported materials during the production of refractory high-precision molding powders; and described the properties of a series of new thermally stable refractories.     

Development of works on creating coatings to protect carbon materials at high temperatures (a review of the works performed at Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry,Russian Academy of Sciences)

The review is based on the works by employees of the Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Approaches to the formation of glass-ceramic coatings on graphite have been considered from preliminarily molten glass and filler, from the mixture of initial components not containing glass during synthesis, and from silicon- and boron-containing compounds yielding a glass-forming melt upon thermal treatment in air. These works served as the basis for creating coatings of a new type.     

Aqueous solutions of ammonia — A new medium in finishing of polyester fibre materials

The effect of dilute aqueous solutions of ammonia on polyethylene terephthalate was investigated. The results of the studies served as the basis for creating a number of modern, highly efficient technologies for finishing and dyeing polyester materials.Institute of Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solutions, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 32–35, July–August, 1996.     

Catalytic carbonylation in ionic liquids

Synthesis gas, which is formed upon the gasification of solid fossil fuels, is a source of carbon monoxide—a valuable reagent for chemical industry. In this review, studies performed in the last few years at the Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, on the catalytic carbonylation of olefins, alcohols, and halides in ionic liquids are considered. Catalytic systems containing no phosphine ligands were developed; these systems make it possible to recycle the homogeneous catalyst by the extraction of synthetic products from the reaction mass.     

Crack-resistant ceramics based on bauxites

Low-iron Timan bauxites (the Komi Republic, Russia) can be used for the production of a ceramic material with high mechanical properties suitable for engineering structural purposes. Specific natural and some synthetic oxide and fluorine additives promote the sintering and increase the strength and the crack resistance of alumina ceramics, which is also attributed to the special features of the microstructure. 1 Komi Institute of Chemistry of the Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.     

Nanotechnologies as a subject matter of Biochemical Physics

This survey analyzes the results of investigations into nanotechnologies now underway at the Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. The survey covers theoretical studies providing for the design of structures with new properties, studies of chemical and physical processes in polymer nanocomposites, design of nanocrystalline photoelectric converters of solar energy, and materials and coatings that scatter and absorb radiofrequency radiation. Qualitatively new results have been obtained in the development of processes and tools for the investigation and nondestructive testing of the structure and elastic properties of nanomaterials using hypersonic pulse acoustic microscopy. Important results have been obtained in the field of catalytic membrane nanocomposites based on polyelectrolytes, catalytically active nanosized particles, proteins, and enzymes. Studies intended to prepare magnetic (superparamagnetic) nanoparticles with polymer materials stand apart. New strategies were used to prepare biocompatible materials with new chemical, electrophysical, and magnetic properties. The Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, has carried out long-term theoretical investigations into the structure and properties of nanosized objects of various chemical nature and composites containing nanoparticles and into the design of materials with photocatalytic properties and biocompatible materials based on polyelectrolytes, proteins, and enzymes. The considerable recent rise of interest in nanotechnologies has provided the buildup and development of new scientific directions and tasks.     

Grigorii Valentinovich Samsonov: Novosibirsk Period in the Study of Borides

This paper, dedicated to the memory of Grigorii Valentinovich Samsonov (15 February 1918 – 22 December 1975) [1, 2], corresponding member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, gives a brief survey of the fruitful cooperation of this prominent researcher in materials science with the scientific community of the city of Novosibirsk. Results that have come from cooperation with G. V. Samsonov are unique indeed. They are related to the study of phase equilibria in boron-containing systems, mechanisms of interactions between boron and metals, and synthesis of high-melting borides (in particular, in the ultradisperse state). A vast amount of research has been focused on the development of coatings based on various modifications of boron nitride and related materials.     

Surface activity of some oiling agents

A comparative study of the surface activity of different brands of oiling agents was conducted. It was found that the laminar compositional instability, manifested by the nonmonotonic dependence of the surface tension of emulsions on their concentration and/or a change in it during storage, is characteristic of all products investigated. Data indicating the characteristic nature of the dependences of the surface tension of aqueous emulsions of oiling agents on the concentration and the possibility of using them for identifying oiling agents were obtained. Ivanovo State Chemical Engineering University; Institute of Chemistry of Solutions, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo. Translated fromKhimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 19–22, September–October, 1999.     

The bulk-dyeing of cellulose acetate with disperse aldehyde dyes

Conclusions 1. The possibility of obtaining dyed cellulose acetate by the addition to an acetonic solution of cellulose acetate of acetone-soluble aldehyde dyes which form strong chemical bonds with it has been studied.2. The optimum conditions for bulk-dyeing with aldehyde dyes have been worked out.3. It has been shown that the reaction of an aldehyde dye with cellulose diacetate leads to partial saponification of the acetyl groups. The hypothesis has been put forward of the subsequent acetylation of the hydroxy groups liberated by the aldehyde dyes.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Tadzhik SSR. Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 39–41, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of the size factor and alloying on oxidation of aluminum powders

The effect of particle size and alloying with rare-earth elements on oxidation of aluminum-based powders was studied by methods of derivative differential thermal analysis of the change in the specific surface and x-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that the character of oxidation is determined by processes occurring in the barrier layer of interaction products on the particle surface. Institute of Solid-State Chemistry, Ural Branch. Russian Academy of Sciences. Ekaterinburg 620219. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 68–71, September–October, 1994.