小型水电站生态流量确定方法的探讨

0引言 随着一些重要江河流域综合规划的编制、修订和河流功能的变化以及水能资源开发理念的转变,中小河流水能资源开发利用面临许多新情况、新挑战,其中如何确定河流生态流量又是中小河流水能规划中的难点之一。为了保护河流的生态环境,保证河流中水生动植物的生存空间,在河流水能资源开发及小型水电站的运行过程中,     

辽宁省中小河流水能资源开发利用前景与展望

基于辽宁省当前中小河流水能资源开发利用现状,总结辽宁省中小河流水能资源开发规划修编情况,论述目前辽宁省针对中小河流水能资源开发规划的主要经验及做法;为进一步完善辽宁省中小河流水能资源开发利用工作提出了客观建议。     

补齐短板,拓展视野,努力完善我省水能规划拼图——湖南省中小河流水能资源开发规划工作做法介绍

湖南省水能资源丰富,河流众多,中小河流水能资源开发规划编制任务重,涉及河流数量多。本文简要介绍了湖南省在中小河流水能资源开发规划编制工作中,采取的一些经验与做法。     

中小河流水能资源开发探讨

我国水资源丰富,尤其是中小河流。但是目前我国中小河流水能资源的开发利用却不尽如人意。针对这种状况,国家启动了对中小河流水能资源开发利用的规划,以期为其开发、利用提供指导,使中小河流的资源得到更好的、合理的利用,以造福人民。本文从水能开发（水电站）的优势、结构型式以及发电与防洪、灌溉、生态景观、航运等的结合两个角度对此进行探讨。     

中小河流水能资源开发方式浅谈

水能资源是水资源的重要组成部分,中小河流水能开发是积极响应开发利用清洁、可再生能源战略的重要组成部分.通过分析已建水库下游低水头梯级开发,结合灌溉渠道工程、大型闸坝工程和河道景观湿地改造工程等进行水能开发利用的特点,对中小河流如何构建生态友好的水能开发利用、体现对社会环境的关注、兼顾河流生态系统健康和可持续性需求的水能资源开发利用方式进行了探讨.     

加强河流规划,加快水电开发

河流规划是开发利用水能资源的战略布署,是进行水电站可行性研究及初步设计的基础,是水利水电建设前期工作中的首要环节。实践证明,要开发一条河流,首先必须做好河流规划,正确布置河流的梯级开发方案及选择第一期工程。只有这样,电站设计     

以人为本、科学规划、和谐发展——创老挝南欧江干流水电规划精品

南欧江是湄公河左岸老挝境内最大支流,发源于中国云南省江城县与老挝丰沙里省接壤的边境山脉一带,河流水能资源丰富。通过精心的设计、科学的规划,在充分尊重河流水能资源特点的前提下,提出了"一库七级"开发方案,使南欧江水能资源得以合理开发利用,南欧江干流水电规划充分体现了中国企业绿色、可持续发展的水电开发理念,通过推行流域统一规划、建设、运行、管理的整体开发模式,实现了流域梯级电站快速、健康的发展,将为老挝社会经济发展做出巨大贡献。     

重视和提高水电前期工作的质量

水电建设的前期工作,包括从河流或河段的水能开发利用规划(以下简称水能规划),到某一水电站工程各个阶段的设计及其相应的勘测、调查和试验研究等工作.水能规划和各个阶段设计的质量高低,将影响到水能资源的能否充分、合理、经济地开发利用,和水电站工程的能否安全、耐久地运行,以及是否方便施工;这又将影响到我国水电建设和国民经济的发展.建国以来,我国水电建设的前期工作者,努力工作,重视工作质量,已为水电建设的     

以装机容量衡量河流水能资源开发程度的弊端

本文结合福建水力资源调查评价成果及水能规划实践,分析了以装机容量衡量河流水能资源的弊端,探讨了水能资源理论蕴藏量、河流可开发量、水电站装机容量和开放利用程度之间的关系,澄清了容易误解的概念,提出了加强河流水能资源评价和管理的相关建议。     

强化调度 注重质量 做好规划组织和工程实施

<正>在水利部的关心支持下,江西省紧紧围绕抓发展、强监管、保生态、惠民生的总体要求,协调推进"四个水电"建设。2014年,中小河流水能资源开发规划稳步开展,农村水电增效扩容改造全面推进,水电新农村电气化及小水电代燃料项目投入再创新高。根据会议安排,现就江西省中小河流水能资源开发规划和民生工程建设情况汇报如下:一、加强水能规划组织管理江西省中小河流水能资源开发规划共涉及河流420条,目前已安排省级编制经费800万元,计划在2015年内全面完成规划任务。规划以现状评价与整     

2003年兰考、东明洪水漫滩落淤情况调查

通过对2003年秋汛期间兰考北滩、东明南滩两处漫滩情况进行调查与分析，得出的结论为：滩区共滞蓄水量6亿～9亿m^3，漫滩落淤范围为7．5km^2，顺漫滩水流方向的落淤距离约3km。在这种水沙条件下，泥沙不能被输送至较远的堤河。经分析计算，本次泥沙落淤量为900万～1350万t，且距口门1．0km范围内落淤泥沙中的82％为粒径大于0．05mm的粗沙。由此得到的主要认识有：①靠自然落淤解决“二级悬河”问题非常困难，甚至会增大“二级悬河”程度；②给漫滩水预留出路是降低淹没损失的关键；③落淤的粗沙使土地产生了十分严重的沙化现象，并且使当地环境趋于恶化。     

雷州半岛地区2015年防旱抗旱工作对策与启示

2015年,广东省雷州半岛地区出现大范围干旱,该文总结了干旱特点,分析了干旱成因,采取了水资源统筹调配、引导调整种植结构及播种时机、人工增雨、筹措资金应急补助等抗旱措施,效果较好。此外,提出该地区今后打造"扩库硬渠上井群"升级版、推进农业结构调整、改善生态环境推动绿色发展的防旱工作对策。     

Operation and Maintenance Performance and Conflicts in Flood-control Projects in Bangladesh

Many embankments failed in severe floods in Bangladesh in 1987 and 1988, and concern grew over ways to improve flood-control projects. Maintenance was poor due to reliance on periodic rehabilitation, but few failures were due to poor construction or maintenance. Embankments mostly failed where they were eroded or were deliberately cut. They were cut by people living outside who believed they were made more flood-prone, and by people living inside because of internal drainage congestion. This reflected inadequate hydrological modelling, lack of consultation and failure to resolve conflicts between affected groups. Resources for maintenance are not generated locally and could be used more efficiently. Participatory planning could reduce conflicts, encourage a sense of project ownership and facilitate contributions to maintenance.     

南京市2016年暴雨洪水分析与思考

2016年汛期,南京市发生了建国以来的大洪水,降雨量和主要河湖水位均超历史.在对2016年暴雨、水情、洪水特点分析的基础上,提出加强南京市防洪工程体系的建议.     

山西省地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题及对策

山西省水资源严重短缺 ,地下水超采严重。分析了地下水资源量及可开采量、地下水开发利用历史和现状 ,以及超采产生的环境地质问题。在此基础上 ,提出了缓解地下水超采、有效合理开发利用地下水的一些措施意见 ,为加强地下水保护和管理提供了科学依据。     

Domestic Water and Sanitation in Cyclones and Floods in Bangladesh and a Proposed Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

Water is one of the top priority item s i relief activities but the appropriateness and effectiveness of this activity may be questioned. Water and sanitation (WS) are inseparable and together they play major roles in the transmission of the pathogen of diarrhoeal disease. Thousands of people die or suffer from WS-related diseases during postdisaster periods. Here we present WS-related experiences gained after Bangladesh's 1991 cyclone and the views of participants in a regional and a national (local) workshop on this matter held in Bangladesh. About 63 per cent of the water purifying tablets (WPTs) distributed after the 1991 cyclone were found to have lost potency Relief personnel lack basic knowledge about WS practices and the management of WS provision. Participants in the two workshops documented serious problems i this field at both regional and national levels. Major issues for research may include: an appropriate environmental preparedness plan; appropriate waste disposal technologies; appropriate water treatment methods; self- help activities during vulnerable periods; and health education related to WS in disaster situations.     

Distribution and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water supplies in Germany

This study has been conducted, to estimate the distribution of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in German water supplies and the removal efficiency of surface water treatment plants for Giardia and Cryptosporidium by conventional treatment. Water samples from six surface water treatment plants in different parts of Germany were simoultaneously examined for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Investigations for both parasites were carried out in the period from July 1993 until December 1995. The results confirmed the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in surface and raw water, to intermediate steps after treatment, in back wash water, in the first filtrate and in final water. Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 76.2% of the investigated raw water sources. The average number of the detected Giardia cysts was 88.2/100 1 (max.1314/100 I), and the average number of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 116/100 I (max. 1081/1001). In the intermediate steps (including flocculation and several steps of filtration), Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 33.3% (50/150) of the samples. 14.9% of drinking water samples (7/47) were positive for Giardia (max. 16.8 /1001) and 29.8% (14/47) were positive for Cryptosporidium (max. 20.8/100 I). Overall, Giardia and Cryptosporidium, or both were detected in 38.3% of the drinking water samples. The parasites have been found in nearly all of the investigated backwash water samples. The filtrate of a rapid sand filter was analysed immediately after filter backwashing during the ripening period of the filter. Good elimination results were obtained by optimizing relevant water treatment process, but a low flocculant dose following sudden variation in the raw water quality, causes a breakthrough of Cryptosporidium into the treated water. Although water treatment technologies are effective to remove Giardia and Cryptosporidium, the results clearly show that Giardia and Cryptosporidium evade the filter harries m the absence of visible treatment deficiencies and low turbitidy level, and contaminate final water.     

衡水市地下水开发利用存在的问题及对策

通过对衡水市地下水开发中存在问题的客观分析,提出了今后开发、利用和保护地下水的措施.     

Progress in ecological and environmental water requirements research and applications in China

Abstract:

With economic development, as well as population growth, the conflict between water supply and demand has become more and more acute in China, and it has been aggravated further by the irrational utilization of water resources. As a result, the deterioration and destruction of the eco‐environment have become increasingly serious. In order to effectively protect ecosystems and improve their ecological conditions, many studies on ecological and environmental water requirements (EEWR) have been carried out in China. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of EEWR are addressed, and the main advances of EEWR research and applications in China are summarized in four types of systems including studies on rivers, vegetation, lakes and wetlands, and groundwater. In conclusion, issues necessary to be studied further in the future are put forward.