超重力碳分反应沉淀法制备分散性纳米氢氧化铝

研究了用螺旋通道型旋转床超重力碳分法在不同工艺条件下分别制备出了纳米氢氧化铝和纳米纤维状拟薄水铝石,所用原料为NaAlO2-CO2.分析了氢氧化铝纳米颗粒间形成团聚的机理,在沉淀过程中添加表面活性剂和采用异丁醇共沸蒸馏干燥工艺,有效地防止了粉体的团聚.用透射电镜、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller法对产品进行了分析表征.结果表明:用超重力碳分法可以制得纤维状的超细拟薄水铝石,其孔容为2.41 ml/g,比表面积为351.6m2/g,平均孔径为28.4nm,粒径为5～10nm.焙烧后可得到孔容高达1.48ml/g,粒径约为10nm的纤维状氧化铝粉末.     

以拟薄水铝石为铝源合成中孔氧化铝

对工业原料拟薄水铝石进行改性研究,通过拟薄水铝石中加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠,制备出孔径集中分布在中孔范围的中孔氧化铝,并对制备条件进行考察。利用XRD、TG-DTA和N_2吸附-脱附等技术对样品的性能进行表征。结果表明,酸性条件下(pH=1),合成的氧化铝具有较集中的中孔孔径[(3～6)nm]分布。     

一种环保型乳化剂复配体系的研究

研究了淀粉糖苷非离子表面活性剂与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯钠盐阴离子型表面活性剂、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂的混合体系的乳化力的变化规律,找出复配体系的最佳配方,将其乳化性与常用的烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚进行比较。结果表明,复配后的体系有较低的表面张力,对菜油的乳化性与烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚相当,对变压器油的乳化性优于烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚。且该体系浊点高,泡沫稳定,乳化性能好。     

铵盐水热改性对氧化铝孔结构的影响

本文对商用拟薄水铝石进行铵盐水热改性,制备得到孔径集中分布在介孔范围内的氧化铝.利用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、SEM、FT-IR技术对样品性能进行表征.结果表明:碳酸氢铵低温水热处理对氧化铝的孔结构有较显著的影响,当水热处理温度控制在120℃时,氧化铝比表面达253.2 m2/g,且孔分布集中,分布在4～10 nm间的孔占总孔容的62％.碳酸氢铵水热处理对氧化铝孔结构产生影响的主要原因是:在水热处理过程中,碳酸氢铵与拟薄水铝石反应生成片钠铝石及其经焙烧分解产生的CO2和NH3气体的冲孔作用所致.     

上海将建聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂装置

上海石化总厂与上海合成洗涤剂厂、上海助剂厂、上海市金山县合资经营的聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂项目,已签署引进意大利普利斯公司成套技术装置合同。该项目是利用上海石化总厂30万吨乙烯工程配套的3万吨环氧乙烷与脂肪醇、烷基酚、脂肪酸制取聚氧乙烯型脂肪醇醚、烷基酚醚、脂肪酸酯系列非离子表面活性剂。该项目共引进二套装置,其中一套与上海合成洗涤剂厂联营,设计规模为3万吨/     

水柱成型法制备重整载体

以拟薄水铝石（PB）和海藻酸钠（ALG）为原料,采用水柱成型法制备了纯度较高、孔结构适宜的重整载体γ-氧化铝。对拟薄水铝石进行了筛选;考察了成型时间对钠离子脱除的影响;研究了不同种类拟薄水铝石复配比例对载体物性的影响;对载体负载催化剂进行了评价。实验结果表明：当成型时间为30 min时,氧化铝中钠离子质量分数可以降低至1.9×10-5,海藻酸钠未引入钠;选用合适的拟薄水铝石复配比例,可以制备孔容为0.568 cm3/g、比表面积为217 m2/g、强度为47 N、表观密度为0.564 g/mL的γ-氧化铝。以γ-氧化铝为载体制备重整催化剂用于评价,其液体收率、芳烃收率与辛烷值均优于国外同类产品,应用前景良好。     

液体餐具洗涤剂

配方（质量％）十二烷基苯磺酸钠（42％～48％活性物）15脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（68％活性物）5椰子油酸二乙醇酰胺4脂肪醇聚氧乙烯（7）醚6乙醇（95％）0．2香精0．12甲醛（37％）0．2乙二胺四乙酸0．1食盐、硫酸适量蒸馏水余量操作步骤：先将蒸馏水加入装有搅拌机的反应锅中，通蒸汽加热。当水温升至40℃时，慢慢加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠，搅拌至全部溶解，保持温度在40～50℃，依次加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯（7）醚、椰子油酸二乙醇酸胶等表面活性剂，混合均匀。然后降温至40℃以下，加入香精、甲醛、乙醇、乙二胺四乙酸…     

表面活性剂对铝酸钠溶液中一水软铝石晶种分解的影响

研究了非离子及阴离子型表面活性剂(聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯月桂醚和十二烷基苯磺酸钠)对铝酸钠溶液晶种分解制备一水软铝石的影响. 结果表明,十二烷基苯磺酸钠抑制溶液分解及晶体附聚,导致产物粒度细化;聚乙二醇可强化溶液分解,并促进晶体附聚;PEG1000添加量为1 g/L时获得最高分解率(32.39%),较空白提高8.37%;PEG1000添加量为5 g/L时附聚效果最好,产物的中位粒径为23.86 mm,较空白提高4.5%. XRD和热重分析结果表明,添加剂未改变产物晶型,产物均为一水软铝石和三水铝石.     

椰油基二胍盐的制备及其复配体系的性能应用

以N-椰油基-1,3-丙撑二胺（CPDA），单氰胺和醋酸为原料，合成了椰油基丙撑醋酸二胍盐（CPGA）。利用FTIR和基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）对产物结构进行鉴定。研究了CPGA与三种阴离子表面活性剂〔脂肪醇醚羧酸盐（AEC9-Na），月桂醇聚氧乙烯(3)醚硫酸钠（AES），十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）〕和两种非离子表面活性剂〔脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚（AEO9），C12~14烷基聚葡萄糖苷（APG1214）〕组成的五种复配体系的稳定性、润湿性能、乳化性能、泡沫性能、去污性能和抑菌性能。结果表明，AEC9-Na/CPGA复配体系外观澄清透明，润湿、乳化、泡沫、去污和抑菌性能良好，在浓度0.02 g/L下对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到75%，对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到91%，优于其他四种复配体系，在抑菌洗涤剂方面有很好的应用前景。     

表面活性剂（C12）脂肪醇聚氧乙烯（5）醚与十二烷基硫酸钠的复配

进行了非离子表面活性剂(C12)脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(5)醚(简为AE05)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(简为SDS)的复配研究,试图找出它们之间较佳的协同增效配比.     

焙烧温度对氧化铝物化性质及微观结构的影响

以拟薄水铝石为前驱体,经不同温度焙烧制备氧化铝,利用X-射线衍射、N2-物理吸附、扫描电镜、透射电镜等技术对其物化性质及微观结构进行表征,系统研究了焙烧温度对氧化铝物化性质及微观结构的影响规律.结果表明:在低温(500～800℃)条件下焙烧时,氧化铝的比表面积、孔容随着焙烧温度的升高缓慢降低,平均孔径缓慢增大,分别46...     

Ethoxy Carboxylate Extended Surfactant: Surface Charge of Surfactant-Modified Alumina, Adsolubilization and Solubilization of Phenylethanol and Styrene

Adsolubilization of contaminants by surfactant-modified material is an important phenomenon for surfactant-based environmental technologies. Recently, extended surfactants have been shown to enhance the adsolubilization capacity of organic solutes. In this study, two extended surfactants (ethoxy propoxylated carboxylate extended surfactant—C16PO4EO5C and propoxylate extended sulfate surfactant—C16PO4S) were selected for modifying positively charged alumina surfaces with the aim of enhancing adsolubilization of organic solutes with varying degrees of polarity (phenanthrene, styrene, and phenylethanol). The nature of the charged surface as a function of extended surfactant adsorption was evaluated through the zeta potential measurements. The results showed that at maximum bilayer coverage, the zeta potential of the alumina surface remained constant and was oppositely charged (negative) to the unmodified alumina (positive). Zeta potential measurements showed that the adsorbed bilayer of carboxylate-based extended surfactant produced more negatively charged surface. Surfactant desorption results showed that the surfactant-modified surface retained their negatively charge, albeit reduced, indicating that partial desorption occurred but not to the point that the positively charged alumina surface was realized. The adsolubilization results suggest a benefit of the ethoxy groups in adsolubilizing the polar phenylethanol in the palisade layer.     

Polymer/surfactant interactions

Polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged surfactants form precipitation complexes which, in many cases, can be completely resolubilized by excess surfactant. In general, maximum precipitation appears to correspond to a single layer of surfactant adsorbed on the polymer, and the resolubilized form to a double layer of surfactant. Prior to formation of the latter, the complexes are highly surface active. An analysis of the solubility diagrams of a cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose derivative, and a homologous series of sodium alkyl sulfates, has provided a value of the adsorption energy, Φ, of these surfactants into the first layer. The value of Φ, viz., 1.1 kT per CH₂ group, is somewhat higher than the corresponding value for micelle formation. Studies with a number of surfactants show that polymer/surfactant interaction is most favorable (a) the longer the hydrocarbon chain of the surfactant, (b) the straighter the chain, and (c) when the head group is terminal to the chain. Departures from these conditions reduce the extent of interaction and render difficult resolubilization of the complex. From results on a range of polymers, it is concluded that resolubilization of the precipitated complex is also difficult if the charge density of the polymer is too high.     

油水界面上阴/阳离子型复配表面活性剂体系的分子动力学模拟

采油过程中阴/阳离子型表面活性剂复配使用可显著增强驱油效果,对其微观机理的深入研究有助于驱油用表面活性剂的结构优化设计及使用。采用分子动力学方法研究了不同摩尔比的阴离子表面活性剂聚醚羧酸钠(PECNa)和阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)复配体系在油水界面上的分子行为和物理性质。结果表明,复配体系比单种表面活性剂体系更有利于降低油水界面张力。不同复配比体系中,两种表面活性剂头基相反电荷间的吸引作用使表面活性剂之间对各自反离子的静电吸引作用减弱,且等摩尔比体系尤为明显。阴离子表面活性剂的亲水头基对阳离子表面活性剂亲水头基形成的水化层内水分子的结构取向无显著影响,反之亦然。通过调节两种离子型表面活性剂的复配比例,可调整油水界面吸附层微观结构,有望降低油水界面张力,提高采收率。     

双尾及多尾氟表面活性剂在有机溶剂中的表面活性研究

拟通过增加油溶性氟表面活性剂分子中碳氟链的数目,从而增大有机溶剂表面吸附层的碳氟链密度,以提高其降低有机溶剂表面张力的能力。合成了2个系列的氟表面活性剂:将全氟辛基磺酰氟与二胺(NH_2(CH_2)nNH_2,n=2,3,6,10)反应,合成以磺酰胺键为连接基、分子中含有2个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂;通过全氟辛酸与多元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇)反应,合成以酯键为连接基、分子中分别含有2,3和4个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂。研究了这2个系列氟表面活性剂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮以及乙醇-乙酸乙酯-丁酮三元混合溶剂中的表面活性,考察了氟表面活性剂分子结构、溶剂种类对表面活性的影响。结果显示,单纯增加碳氟链数目与降低表面张力之间不具有必然的依赖关系,分子整体构型也很重要,同时有机溶剂的种类对氟表面活性剂溶液的表面张力有显著影响。     

Mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants with single and twin head groups: Adsorption and precipitation studies

This research reports on the adsorption and precipitation of mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants having single and twin head groups. The surfactant mixtures investigated were: (i) a single-head anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in a mixture with the twin-head cationic surfactant pentamethyl-octadecyl-1,3-propane diammonium dichloride (PODD)—adsorption was studied on negatively charged silica; and (ii) a twin-head anionic surfactant, sodium hexadecyl-diphenyloxide disulfonate (SHDPDS), and the single-head cationic surfactant dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPCI)—adsorption was studied on positively charged alumina. Whereas the mixed surfactant system of SHDPDS/DPCI showed adsorption on alumina that was comparable to the of SHDPDS alone, the mixed surfactant system of SDS/PODD showed increased adsorption on silica as compared with PODD alone. The adsorption of the SDS/PODD mixture increased as the anionic and cationic system approached an equimolar ratio. Precipitation diagrams for mixtures of single- and twin-head surfactant systems showed smaller precipitation areas than for single-head-only surfactant mixtures. Thus, the combination of single- and double-head surfactants helps reduce the precipitation region and can increase the adsorption levels, although the magnitude of the effect is a function of the specific surfactants used.     

超细活性氧化铝的制备和表征

在强烈搅拌的条件下，用化学沉淀法制备，得到了纳米级的拟薄水铝石。然后在适当的条件下煅烧得到超细活性氧化铝。讨论了沉淀反应中溶液浓度、气体流量、反应终点pH对前驱体晶型的影响，以及前驱体晶体形态、煅烧温度和煅烧时间对氧化铝形态的影响。用XRD、TEM及BET对产品进行了表征，表明本方法可得到粒径小、比表面积较大的活性氧化铝。     

Adsorption,Electrokinetic and Stabilizing Properties of the Guar Gum/Surfactant/Alumina System

The adsorption of non‐ionic polysaccharide guar gum (GG) in the presence of surfactants (anionic SDS, non‐ionic TX‐100, cationic CTAB and their equimolar mixtures) from their NaCl solutions onto an alumina surface (Al₂O₃) was studied spectrophotometrically. This study is important in light of the many disagreements concerning the structure and behaviour of mixtures containing polymers and surfactants at the surface of an adsorbent. The presence of surfactant caused an increase in the GG adsorption in all studied systems as a consequence of the formation of complexes. Among the single surfactants the highest increase in the GG adsorption was observed in the presence of CTAB. However, the usage of mixtures of the surfactants caused a much more effective increase in the GG adsorption on the alumina surface because of the synergistic effect of the surfactants. In order to get some information on the structure of the electrical double layer (edl), the surface charge density of alumina was determined and zeta potential measurements were conducted. The obtained data showed that the adsorption of GG or GG/surfactant complexes on the metal oxide surface strongly influences a diffused part of the edl, whereas a compact part of the edl is not affected. The colloidal stability of the alumina suspensions was measured in the presence and absence of GG and surfactants. It was found that GG and the mixtures of GG and surfactants can improve the stability of the suspensions.     

FT-IR Characterization of the Surface of Aluminum as a Result of Chemical Treatment

FT-IR was used to characterize the surfaces of Al after various chemical treatments. All of the oxide surfaces were composed of an anhydrous alumina, aluminum oxyhydroxide (pseudoboehmite) and aluminum hydroxide (close to Gibbsite). The major contaminants in the different oxides are chemisorbed CO₂, carbonates and bi-carbonates. The chromic acid anodized surfaces (CAA) contain more hydroxyls and water than the sulfuric acid anodized surfaces (SAA) while the latter contain more alumina (Al₂O₃). The CAA surfaces have a duplex structure mainly of hydrated and oxyhydroxylated layers over a hydrated alumina layer. The SAA surfaces have a triplex structure composed mainly of hydrated and hydroxylated layers over an oxyhydroxylated layer which is over a hydrated alumina layer. The surfaces chemically converted by the Iridite^© process are composed of a duplex structure of a mixed organic-inorganicl layer over a hydrated alumina. The organic portion of the layer was identified as a carbamate species.     

金属蜂窝载体表面负载活性氧化铝涂层的研究

采用高温氧化法对合金FeCrAl金属基体进行预处理，使用AlOOH胶浸渍活性涂层，考察了氧化温度、氧化时间、料浆配方、制备条件以及焙烧温度等因素对涂层的影响。利用XRD、SEM、BET和超声波振动等方法研究了样品的表观性能和涂层的结合性能。结果表明，950 ℃氧化10 h的氧化处理可以在金属基体上形成粗糙的表层，增加涂层粘结能力。在料浆的制备过程中，加入添加剂以及提高活性涂层的焙烧温度都可以明显提高涂层与金属载体的结合力,得到的涂层牢固，比表面积达212 m²·g^-1，满足工业应用要求。