高藻期引滦原水处理工艺的优化研究

针对偏碱性的高藻引滦原水,进行了预氧化除藻、混凝及助凝等工艺优化研究.结果表明,在预氧化接触时间为30 min的条件下,当Cl投量为0.5 mg/L、PAC投量为25 mg/L时,其除藻效果要明显好于ClO2和FeCl3,组合、Cl2和PAC组合及Cl2和FeCl3组合的,且再投加0.2mg/L的助凝剂HCA,则除藻效果会更好;ClO2对原水的pH可起到一定的调节作用,有利于提高后续的混凝效果,同时水中较高的余氯还可省去实际生产中滤前加氯消毒操作.因此采用ClO2作预氧化除藻剂、PAC作混凝剂、HCA作助凝剂比较适用于高藻期引滦原水的处理.     

突发性油污染事故中PAC/SBR联用强化除油研究

通过试验论证利用PAC/SBR联用工艺强化去除油污染的可行性,从而为运用PAC/SBR工艺处理突发性石油污染提供决策参考和科学依据。结果表明,0.2 g/L的PAC投加量能够使SBR工艺有效抵抗浓度为100 mg/L的石油污染冲击;0.5 g/L的PAC投加量可以使SBR工艺有效抵御浓度为200 mg/L的石油污染冲击。     

饮用水水源中锑、砷、铊的综合去除方法研究

采用混合预氧化和强化混凝方法处理Sb、As和Ti质量浓度分别为20,25和20μg/L的模拟水源水。经过分析得到最佳的综合处理条件为:高锰酸钾投加量0.50~1.00 mg/L,次氯酸钠投加量1.00~1.50 mg/L,聚合硫酸铁投加量30 mg/L,pH值6.0。将该方法应用到受污染的饮用水水源(Sb≤20μg/L、As≤25μg/L、Ti≤0.20μg/L)常规处理工艺中,Sb、As和Ti的质量浓度分别由原来的16.2,8.1和0.15μg/L降至3.9,2.8和0.06μg/L,去除率分别为75.9%,84.5%和60.0%,该方法可为应对饮用水水源污染突发事件采取经济可行的应急措施提供参考。     

低温低浊水处理试验研究

以苏州护城河水为研究对象,比较了PAC、PAFC及PAC+PAM的组合投加方式对低温低浊水的处理效果。试验表明,PAC的试验效果略好与PAFC。当PAC的投加量为65mg/L时,水中浊度的去除率为71.71%。投加PAM可有效降低PAC的投药量,当PAC的投加量为33mg/L,PAM的投加量为0.5~1.0mg/L时,出水浊度稳定在2.50NTU左右。     

PAC-UF组合工艺去除水中腐殖质类有机物效能及膜污染研究

研究了采用PAC-UF组合工艺处理含有腐殖酸的水时,PAC投加量对膜通量、有机物去除率和膜污染阻力的影响。结果表明,有机物去除率随PAC投加量的增加而提高;膜通量在低PAC投加量下得到提高,在高PAC投加量下降低;水中腐殖质类有机物主要造成不可逆膜污染;PAC投加量为20 mg/L时,能有效降低不可逆污染阻力,缓解膜污染。     

还原改性粉末活性炭的净水效果研究

以滦河水为对象进行了还原改性PAC的中试净水效果研究.试验结果表明:改性PAC与混凝剂投加量分别为15 mg/L和10 mg/L时,在预氧化1处投加改性PAC对CODMn和UV254的去除率最高,分别为52.15%和38.22%,比在混合池投加时对两者的去除率均高出2%左右.于预氧化1处投加改性PAC时,其对CODMn和UV254的去除率比在相同点投加未改性PAC时分别提高5%和9%.还原改性PAC可用于处理以非极性有机物为主的高有机物污染水,提高净水效果.     

高黏度压裂废液絮凝处理实验

压裂废液的高黏度导致其流动性差,投加的PAC、PAM等常规处理剂在废液中很难扩散,传质作用慢,造成絮凝沉淀时间长,絮体虚浮、泥量体积比大,处理效果差。投加膨润土可改善高黏度压裂废液絮凝处理效果,缩短沉降时间。实验表明：最佳处理条件为膨润土加量800～1 000mg/L,PAC加量200～300 mg/L,投加膨润土后搅拌1～2 min;混凝处理后悬浮固体去除率97.5％,石油类去除率88.6％,污泥体积减少50％以上,沉降时间缩短90％。     

高锰酸盐复合药剂用于石油污染原水处理的研究

分析了高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)对石油的氧化性能,研究了PPC用于混凝时对石油的强化去除效果和PPC-粉末活性炭联用除油技术.结果表明:PPC对石油有较好的氧化性能,去除率达35%以上,PPC在原水中性条件下,对石油的处理效果最佳;原水石油低倍超标(<0.5mg/L)时,原水中性条件下投加1.5 mg/L PPC和20 mg/L聚合氯化铝(PAC)可保证出水水质达标;PPC-粉末活性炭吸附联合技术对石油的最大可处理污染浓度为5.5 mg/L.     

河北南部南水北调原水强化混凝效果及残余铝含量

采用浓度分别为15、20、25 mg/L的聚合氯化铝(PAC)联合硅藻土强化混凝处理河北南部南水北调水源水,研究了对浊度、叶绿素a、COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的去除效果以及残余铝含量;通过改变硅藻土与PAC的投加时间和顺序,确定最佳混凝条件。结果表明:单独投加PAC时,其最佳投加量为25 mg/L,对浊度、叶绿素a、COD_(Mn)、UV_(254)的去除率分别为92%、86. 7%、34%、30%;同时投加PAC和吸附剂硅藻土时,对叶绿素a的去除率有大幅度提高,强化混凝处理南水北调水源水的最佳药剂组合为15 mg/L的PAC和20 mg/L硅藻土,对浊度和叶绿素a的去除率均为93%,对COD_(Mn)及UV_(254)的去除率分别达到41. 4%和37. 9%,残余铝含量降至0. 179 mg/L;先投加PAC慢速搅拌10 min后再投加硅藻土进行混凝对各指标的去除率最高,对浊度、叶绿素a、COD_(Mn)及UV_(254)的去除率分别达到94. 4%、93%、41. 8%、38. 4%,残余铝含量低至0. 176 mg/L。     

水厂高pH原水应对措施的研究

当水源地藻类或水草大量生长时,原水出现p H过高、溶解氧饱和、总碱度降低的变化,此时仍采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)处理,出厂水存在铝和pH超标风险。试验研究得出,当硫酸铝投加量为55 mg/L或组合投加45 mg/L硫酸铝+10 mg/L PAC,以及调节原水pH值至8.5后投加20 mg/L PAC时,可使出水中铝和pH均符合国标要求。     

內压式超滤膜组合工艺处理北江水中试研究

以聚合氯化铝作为混凝剂,采用內压式超滤膜组合工艺处理北江水.结果表明,混凝沉淀-投加ClO2-超滤组合工艺出水浊度平均值为0.062 NTU;超滤能有效截留水中有机物和微生物,出水TOC保持在1.0 mg/L以下,菌落总数和大肠菌群均未检出;但超滤不能截留亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐.与常规工艺相比,内压式超滤膜组合工艺显著缩短了...     

饮用水中二甲基异莰醇的应急处理技术研究

针对郑州市S水厂原水二甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)季节性升高问题,采用在原水中投加粉末活性炭(PAC)或二氧化氯(ClO2)的应急处理技术。结果表明,在原水泵站投加PAC可以有效控制水体的臭味;与单层石英砂滤层相比,石英砂加活性炭滤层对2-MIB的去除率可增加56%;为防止活性炭吸附效率降低,应避免PAC与ClO2同时使用。     

Use of starch and potato peel waste for perchlorate bioreduction in water

The cost of carbon substrates for microbial reduction of perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) is central to the success and competitiveness of a sustainable bioremediation strategy for ClO(4)(-). This study explored the potential application of starch in combination with an amylolytic bacterial consortia and potato peel waste for ClO(4)(-) bioreduction. We obtained a potent amylolytic bacterial consortium that consisted of a Citrobacter sp. S4, Streptomyces sp. S2, Flavobacterium sp. S6, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. S5, Streptomyces sp. S7, and an Aeromonas sp. S8 identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. ClO(4)(-) concentration substantially decreased in purified starch medium inoculated with the amylolytic bacterial consortium and Dechlorosoma sp. perclace. Potato peel waste supported ClO(4)(-) reduction by perclace with the rate of ClO(4)(-) reduction being dependent on the amount of potato peels. Over 90% ClO(4)(-) removal was achieved in 4 days in a single time point experiment with 2% (w/v) potato peels waste. ClO(4)(-) reduction in a non-sterile 0.5% potato peel media inoculated with perclace occurred with an initial concentration of 10.14+/-0.04 mg L(-1) to 2.87+/-0.4 mg L(-1) (71.7% reduction) within 5 days. ClO(4)(-) was not detected in the cultures in 6 days. In a non-sterile 0.5% potato media without perclace, ClO(4)(-) depletion occurred slowly from an initial value of 9.99+/-0.15 mg L(-1) to 6.33+/-0.43 mg L(-1) (36.63% reduction) in 5 days. Thereafter, ClO(4)(-) was rapidly degraded achieving 77.1% reduction in 7 days and not detected in 9 days. No susbstantial reduction of ClO(4)(-) was observed in the sterile potato peel media without perclace in 7 days. Redox potential of the potato peel cultures was favorable for ClO(4)(-) reduction, decreasing to as low as -294 mV in 24 h. Sugar levels remained very low in cultures effectively reducing ClO(4)(-) and was substantially higher in sterilized controls. Our results indicate that potato peel waste in combination with amylolytic microorganisms and Dechlorosoma sp. perclace can be economically used to achieve complete ClO(4)(-) removal from water.     

粉末活性炭对甲基对硫磷和对硫磷的去除研究

通过对粉末活性炭吸附特性的研究,探讨了活性炭工艺去除饮用水中甲基对硫磷和对硫磷有机磷农药的可行性。用Freundlich公式拟合吸附等温线的数据,并用来估算活性炭的吸附容量和最大投加量。试验结果表明,向甲基对硫磷、对硫磷浓度分别为0.22,0.06mg/L的配水中投加10mg/L粉末活性炭,吸附时间20min时两者的去除率为93.66%～98.11%。针对南方某水厂原水,试验所确定的活性炭最佳投加量为1.5～2.0mg/L。试验证明投加粉末活性炭是去除饮用水中甲基对硫磷和对硫磷的有效方法。     

Natural organic matter (NOM) and pesticides removal using a combination of ion exchange resin and powdered activated carbon (PAC)

The combination of anion exchange resins (AERs) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) was studied to remove both natural organic matter (NOM) and pesticides. Experiments were conducted with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) surface water (about 6.0mg DOC/L) spiked with both atrazine and isoproturon. AERs, like MIEX and IRA938, showed up to 75% removal of DOC after 30min contact time. The addition of PAC after treatment with these AERs only slightly decreased the residual DOC from 1.4 to 1.2mg/L. Experiments conducted with high (200microg/L) and low (1microg/L) initial pesticide concentrations showed that simultaneous and successive combinations of AER and PAC significantly improve the removal of both pesticides compared with PAC treatment on raw water. The improvement of short-term adsorption kinetics was explained by the adsorption of pesticides on AERs (about 5%) and the removal of high molecular weight (MW) NOM structures by AERs that reduce pore blockage phenomena. For 24h contact time with PAC (adsorption isotherms), the benefit of AER treatment was lower, which indicates that the refractory DOC to AER treatment still competes through direct site competition mechanism. MIEX resin had a distinct behavior since the simultaneous treatment with PAC showed no benefit on pesticide adsorption. The presence of fine residues of MIEX was shown to interfere with PAC adsorption.     

水厂突发毒死蜱污染的应急处理工艺研究

针对受毒死蜱污染的原水,通过小试研究了粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附强化聚合氯化铝混凝工艺对毒死蜱的去除效果。结果表明,单独投加8mg/L聚合氯化铝和0.05mg/LPAM难以将毒死蜱浓度降低至《生活饮用水卫生标准》的限值(0.03mg/L)要求,需要采用PAC吸附与混凝沉淀联用工艺。当原水毒死蜱浓度超标5,10,20,30,40和50倍时,所对应的粉末活性炭最佳投加量分别为20,30,30,40,40和50mg/L,出水浓度均小于0.03mg/L。PAC吸附强化工艺聚合氯化铝混凝工艺可有效应对原水的毒死蜱污染,保障供水安全。     

粉末活性炭对内吸磷的吸附性能研究

研究了粉末活性炭对內吸磷的吸附去除效果以及吸附时间、活性炭投加量和水质条件对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,当內吸磷质量浓度为0.30 mg/L,活性炭投加量为20 mg/L时,在去离子水中吸附60 min后,出水內吸磷为0.02 mg/L;在去离子水中的吸附效果优于原水,在实际应用中需根据原水水质适当调整活性炭投加量或吸附...     

Fate of perchlorate-contaminated water in upflow wetlands

The potential of natural wetland systems to treat perchlorate-contaminated water was investigated in vertical upflow wetland columns planted with and without Bulrush (Scirpus sp.). In the absence of nitrate (NO3- -N <1mg/L), wetland columns were capable of removing ClO4- to levels below the detection limit (<4 microg/L) for a series of influent ClO4- (4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/L). At an influent ClO4- concentration of 32 mg/L, ClO4- breakthrough was observed with the increase in nitrate concentration. ClO4- and NO3- degradation rate constants (Kpc and KNO3- -N) were also determined using a 1-D transport model with dispersion. Kpc declined with the increase of influent ClO4- and NO3- -N concentration (6.49-0.42 day(-1) for unplanted columns, and 7.80-0.21 day(-1) for planted columns, respectively). KNO3- -N followed similar trends but was relatively higher than Kpc. Plant uptake was directly linked with ClO4- concentration in the rhizosphere, and the stem bio-concentration factor (BCF) was estimated to be 57. A mass balance indicated plant uptake accounted for 0-14.3% of initial ClO4- input. Microbial degradation played a more important role than plant uptake and transformation in ClO4- degradation in this wetland system. This study suggests that constructed wetlands may be a promising technology to treat perchlorate-contaminated waters.     

粉末活性炭对水中呋喃丹的吸附性能研究

考察了粉末活性炭吸附去除水中呋喃丹的可行性,并采用Freundlich公式拟合去离子水和自来水条件下的吸附等温方程.结果表明,采用粉末活性炭可有效去除水中的呋喃丹,在去离子水条件下,呋喃丹初始质量浓度为0.035 mg/L,投炭量为20 mg/L,吸附时间为120 min时,呋喃丹的去除率大于98％.根据吸附等温方程计...     

二次通用旋转组合设计下磁絮凝工艺处理河道水效果

在实验室运用二次通用旋转组合设计研究苏州河道水处理工艺,系统分析了磁絮凝工艺处理苏州河道水的四个影响因素(PAC投加量、PAM投加量、磁粉投加量、沉淀时间)对磁絮凝效果的影响效应。并运用方差分析、回归模型方程分析、单因子效应分析以及双因素交互效应分析,得出最佳工况为PAC投加量15 mg/L、PAM投加量0.58 mg/L、磁粉投加量2.7 mg/L、沉淀时间2.1 min,此时理论上浊度可达到0.73 NTU,浊度去除率为97.2%,用此参数进行试验,得到实际浊度为0.82 NTU,实际浊度去除率可达96.9%。