环境微更新的历史地段保护模式探索

为在有限的资金投入下对量大面广的一般历史地段提供有效保护,从物质文化资源和非物质文化资源的保护入手,挖掘提炼文化资源,对街巷节点、街道绿化、市政设施、城市照明、广告牌匾、标识系统、公共艺术等环境要素进行微更新,形成低成本、易应用、多元化、活态化的环境微更新的历史地段保护框架.     

Economic valuation of environmental benefits from wastewater treatment processes: An empirical approach for Spain

Economic research into the design and implementation of policies for the efficient management of water resources has been emphasized by the European Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC). The efficient implementation of policies to prevent the degradation and depletion of water resources requires determining their value in social and economic terms and incorporating this information into the decision-making process. A process of wastewater treatment has many associated environmental benefits. However, these benefits are often not calculated because they are not set by the market, due to inadequate property rights, the presence of externalities, and the lack of perfect information. Nevertheless, the valuation of these benefits is necessary to justify a suitable investment policy and a limited number of studies exist on the subject of the economic valuation of environmental benefits. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on the estimation of shadow prices for the pollutants removed in a treatment process. This value represents the environmental benefit (avoided cost) associated with undischarged pollution. This is a pioneering approach to the economic valuation of wastewater treatment. The comparison of these benefits with the internal costs of the treatment process will provide a useful indicator for the feasibility of wastewater treatment projects.     

Willingness to pay for reducing fatal risk by improving air quality: a contingent valuation study in Chongqing, China

In China, 76% of all energy comes from coal consumption, which is the major cause of air pollution. One of the major barriers to developing sound policies for controlling air pollution is the lack of information related to the value of the health consequences of air pollution. We conducted a willingness-to-pay (WTP) study using contingent valuation (CV) methods in Chongqing, China to estimate the economic value of saving one statistical life through improving air quality. A sample of 500residents was chosen based on multistage sampling methods. A face-to-face household interview was conducted using a series of hypothetical, open-ended scenarios followed by bidding game questions designed to elicit the respondents' WTP for air pollution reduction. The Two-Part Model was used for estimations. The results show that 96% of respondents were able to express their WTP. Their mean annual income is $490. Their WTP to save one statistical life is $34,458. Marginal increases for saving one statistical life is $240 with 1year age increase, $14,434 with 100yuan monthly income increase, and $1590 with 1year education increase. Unlike developed country, clean air may still be considered as a "luxury" good in China based on the estimation of income elasticity.     

共生与对话——历史环境下的现代城市广场设计

该文通过对城市广场在现代城市生活中所扮演的重要角色的分析,阐明了广场在角色扮演过程中所体现出来的社会价值、经济价值、文化价值及美学价值。继而通过论述在城市广场设计过程中的一些具体的设计手法,指出处于历史环境中的城市广场建设应当继承当地本身的历史文脉,突出地方建筑的艺术特色。在此基础上,文章通过对西安钟鼓楼广场的地理位置、广场空间塑造、环境设计等方面的详细分析,最终得出结论：历史环境下的现代城市广场设计应当做到“尊重历史情景,新旧交融共存”.     

公路工程施工期风险评价

结合某高速公路改扩建工程,以施工期为研究对象,初步探讨了公路工程建设项目风险的特点和施工期风险评价的基本方法,为今后更深入的研究奠定了基础。     

地质灾害下某筒仓结构的鉴定

本文介绍了钢筋混凝土排仓结构在岩溶突水地质灾害下的结构可靠性鉴定,对于该排仓结构按上部结构、地基基础两个结构系统进行可靠性评定,其中上部结构包括仓顶、仓壁、仓底、仓下支承结构四个鉴定单元。对于受地质灾害影响的构筑物可靠性鉴定,主要按裂缝分项和整体侧移分项进行可靠性评定,并根据搜集的相关资料定量分析地下水流失引起的负摩阻...     

新时期清单计价模式的造价控制研究

清单计价模式是目前房屋建筑工程招标和投标所使用的主要的房屋建筑造价方法。本文以新时期清单计价模式的造价控制为议题进行研究,说明清单计价模式的造价控制的主要方法和注意事项。     

四川历史文化名镇环境空间特色研究初探

指出四川历史文化名镇的环境空间充分展示了当地独特的人文景观和文化氛围,研究其空间特色,对新的历史时期四川传统城镇的发展与保护规划具有重要意义,从"面""线""点"状空间入手,对四川历史文化名镇总体规划布局、街巷与水系空间和名镇古建筑的特色进行了研究.     

中国城市在发展转型期推进滨水区建设的价值与意义

本文通过对一系列具有不同代表性的中国滨水城市进行实证研究,以及与国外相应发展阶段的案例进行比较,提出:在城市发展转型期,滨水区建设对促进城市经济发展模式转型、整体空间结构调整、“人”的价值回归、地方文化特色的强化、城市生态修复有特别重要的意义.在当今滨水区建设得到普遍重视,滨水区开发项目可谓“遍地开花”的背景下,本文梳理和强调“价值”认知,最后提出当前评价滨水区建设是否成功的五项基本标准.     

特定条件下的历史街区保护模式创新--以无锡市南长古运河片区概念规划为例

以无锡南长区古运河片区概念规划为例,介绍了规划的主要设计思路,构建出在特定区域条件下一种新的历史街区保护模式,并分析了其中的经济理念,以期为当今历史街区保护提供借鉴.     

文化遗产的“突围”——德国科隆大教堂周边文化环境的保护与步行区的营造

德国科隆在二战中遭受了毁灭性的破坏,而科隆大教堂得以幸存。但是在近年来的发展中,作为世界遗产的科隆大教堂,其保护也同样面临着与城市建设之间的矛盾,并一度被列入“濒危遗产名单”。后来经过设置合理的缓冲区和营造多样化的步行环境,不仅通过商业、旅游业的振兴推动了当地经济的发展,同时也使大教堂获得了良性的保护环境,为该市提供了一条经济振兴与文化遗产保存的双赢道路。这为我国协调城市文化遗产及文化环境保护与经济发展的关系提供了很好的借鉴。     

铁路征地拆迁验工计价管理

在铁路工程建设中,征地拆迁工作是重要组成部分。应对征地拆迁验工计价管理工作引起足够的重视,应根据铁路征地拆迁实际和验工计价管理规则,做好征地拆迁的验工计价管理,这是保证工程结算工作有序进行的关键。     

现代语境下金陵制造局“机器大厂”历史价值的传承和转译

本文在对金陵制造局＂机器大厂＂背景、现状和价值进行考察和分析的基础上,通过修缮及再利用工程以探讨现代语境下其历史价值的传承和转译方式。     

Urban design considerations in the environmental assessment of vernacular buildings with timber projections(sachnisi):The case of Nicosia's historic center

In this study,the environmental responsiveness of built heritage is closely con-nected with the aspects of building typology and urban canyon geometry.The focus of this study is on two-story adobe buildings with lightweight timber projections,locally called sach-nisi,which are located on the first floor,above the pass-through space on the ground floor,locally known as portico.The field study reveals and maps a total of 246 sachnisi projections across the walled city of Nicosia,Cyprus,a typical Mediterranean area.This research is the first systematic attempt to integrate cultural,historical,and environmental factors and the ur-ban-and building-scale environmental characteristics of vernacular heritage.The findings highlight thermal adaptive opportunities and passive cooling strategies,i.e.,natural ventila-tion,enhanced by aligning the portico axis with the prime wind direction and operating various openings of the sachnisis.The research also demonstrates that the building orientation and the proportions of sachnisis and porticos are insensitive to the street geometry.Thus,functional and morphological parameters(in addition to climatic parameters)are also significant in the configuration of these architectural elements.The originality and academic contribution of this study lie within the systematic and comprehensive methodology followed,which can be applied to other urban heritage sites.The use of innovative,multidisciplinary methods and tools in heritage studies is also recommended.     

Game theory based models to analyze water conflicts in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China

This study applied game theory based models to analyze and solve water conflicts concerning water allocation and nitrogen reduction in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China. The game simulation comprised two levels, including one main game with five players and four sub-games with each containing three sub-players. We used statistical and econometric regression methods to formulate payoff functions of the players, economic valuation methods (EVMs) to transform non-monetary value into economic one, cost-benefit Analysis (CBA) to compare the game outcomes, and scenario analysis to investigate the future uncertainties. The validity of game simulation was evaluated by comparing predictions with observations. The main results proved that cooperation would make the players collectively better off, though some player would face losses. However, players were not willing to cooperate, which would result in a prisoners' dilemma. Scenarios simulation results displayed that players in water scare area could not solve its severe water deficit problem without cooperation with other players even under an optimistic scenario, while the uncertainty of cooperation would come from the main polluters. The results suggest a need to design a mechanism to reduce the risk of losses of those players by a side payment, which provides them with economic incentives to cooperate.     

社区老年步行环境建构

以老年人身体特征及其户外活动特点为步行环境的设计依据，从空间学的角度对老年人步行环境模式中的场所和路径的老年人选择进行了分析，提出了老年人步行环境的建构要点。     

当前日本的历史城市保护——以茨城县樱川市真壁町为例

近年来,日本普遍意识到城市规划在保护城市历史环境上的重要性。然而,保护的对象是“大量的”、“熟悉的”、“普遍的”的历史城市。我们在试图保护这样的历史城市时,必须对该城市现存的各种历史资源及积累的历史经历进行评价。     

On the broadening scope of the research on projects: a review and a model for analysis

In recent years, we have witnessed an increased interest in the research on projects and project management. The aim of this article is to review, classify and analyze the recent contributions within the field. This paper is based on two sets of data: (1) project-related research published in major management and organization scientific journals, and (2) articles published between 1993 and 2002 in the International Journal of Project Management. The article offers a framework suitable for analyzing the developments made and the different perspectives launched. It is submitted that “project research” instead of project management research might be a better concept for capturing the current state of the field. We also show that papers in the International Journal of Project Management have devoted little attention to research on contexts of multi-projects and multi-firms, a context that is considered to be of great importance for the future of project studies. The recent developments illustrate the need to better integrate project management with the general developments in management and organization. Of special importance, we conclude, is the one that we label project ecologies. We also believe that this concept, and research focus, might be of value for practitioners as it describes the way many modern industries work. The paper contributes to the internal debate about the content and identity of project research.     

The role of agroforestry networks in landscape socioeconomic processes: the potential and limits of the contingent valuation method

Agroforestry networks can be a means to achieve landscape amelioration. Some authorities of the Lagoon of Venice drainage basin (Italy) are planning, amongst other actions to control pollution in the Lagoon, to reintroduce agroforestry by means of a GIS-supported design procedure. The goals of this paper were to assess (i) the contingent valuation (CV) (willingness to pay and willingness to accept) of agroforestry networks and its relationship with socioeconomic and agroforestry role variables, (ii) the coherence between agro-economic policies and farmers expectations, (iii) the relationship between the value of agroforestry as a “shared good” and water quality (non-point source pollution). Respondents associate a positive value/preference to the agroforestry network implementation, although this value is strongly affected firstly by their identity with the landscape and secondly by their income. The motivations of farmers’ evaluation are precise and the agroforestry network is considered not only as an “ethical object” but also as a concrete element of their own cultural and economic world. In this case the contingent value (in particular, in terms of acceptance) increases with the farmer’s economic capacity, and the farmer’s valuation is not linked only to the “good” but also to the “service” offered for implementing it. The expectations of farmers regarding an agroforestry plantation were lower than European Union incentives at the time of survey, and a lack of results in this field is probably linked to poor information and to bureaucratic difficulties. Even if there is general knowledge on water quality, there is little awareness on the non-point source pollution control effect of agroforestry buffer plantations, either in the common people or in those who are environmentally trained (e.g. planning university students). In every case the agroforestry “shared good” evaluation is high enough to permit efficient and supported intervention policies. These results confirm that landscape choices strongly involve issues of identity, perceived rights and evaluation capacity that cannot be simply resolved in terms of preference cost benefit analyses, but a clever use of the CV allows an identification of these same limitations and a partial estimation of them.