合成氨冰机冷凝器的强化传热研究及应用

针对现行合成氨冰机冷凝器的不足,设计了适用于冷凝传热的改进型折流杆冷凝器的壳程内部结构,并分析了其传热强化机理。在重力控制条件下,对不同内部支承结构与管束组合的冷凝器进行了传热实验研究,得到了水蒸气在冷凝器壳侧的冷凝传热特性曲线。采用冷凝传热强化因子的概念,建立了预测该种折流杆冷凝器壳侧冷凝传热膜系数的计算公式,为折流杆冷凝器在冰机系统中的设计应用提供了理论依据。     

三相流化床传热模型与计算式分析

为了增强对汽(气)-液-固三相流传热过程的基础理解,并为理论研究和工业应用提供有价值的信息,对三相流化床传热模型与计算式进行分析和比较。结果表明,在各种传热计算式和机理模型中,无因次准数关联式的预测精确度最高;建立反映传热机理的模型与计算式,开展多相流非线性研究和传热数值模拟是未来的研究方向。     

Heat transfer in condensation and boiling in a tubular film evaporator

The results of a study of heat transfer in condensation and boiling in a tubular evaporator with smooth and rough surfaces under the gravity flow of a water film are presented. Relationships are derived for calculating a heat-transfer coefficient, and the effect of helical roughness on heat transfer is revealed.     

Heat transfer characteristics in low-temperature latent heat storage systems using salt hydrates

Heat transfer characteristics of a low temperature latent heat storage system have been determined for the circular finned and unfinned tubes using sodium acetate trihydrate as a phase change material (PCM). In the heat storage stage (melting process). the PCM heat transfer coefficient in the unfinned-tube system showed good agreement with the calculated value by the heat conduction equation. The heat transfer between the tube wall and the PCM was not enhanced by the fins in the thin-finned-tube system, whereas 2 times higher heat-transfer coefficient for the thick-finned-tube system over the unfinned-tube system was obtained. The experimentally determined heattransfer coefficients in the unfinned-tube and thick-finned-tube systems are in the ranges of 40–170 and 80–320 W/m²-k, respectively. The amount of heat storage for three systems has been correlated in terms of Fourier, Stefan and Reynolds numbers. The thermal performance of heat storage systems are found to be strongly dependent on the     

波纹管传热强化效果与机理研究

通过有限元数值计算考察了波纹管内的流动与传热性能,研究了不同的流体入口雷诺数Re及结构参数对管内平均传热系数的影响,探讨了其强化传热机理。研究发现,在常见的湍流范围内,波纹管内平均传热系数是相同条件下直管的1.06—3.0倍,最佳强化效果出现在Re=16 000附近;波峰处回流区的存在对波纹管的传热强化起到了决定性的作用。此外还拟合出了波纹管内的传热准则方程,有助于指导波纹管换热器的工程设计。     

Coiled flow inverter as a heat exchanger

In the present work attempts are made to investigate the hydrodynamics and heat-transfer characteristics of a coiled flow inverter (CFI) as heat exchanger at the pilot plant scale. The experiments are carried out in counter-current mode operation with hot fluid in the tube side and cold fluid in the shell side. Experimental study is made over a range of Reynolds numbers from 1000 to 16,000 using water in the tube side of the heat exchanger. The shell side fluids used are either cooling water or ambient air. The coiled flow inverter is made up of coils and 90^° bends and inserted in a closed shell. The shell side is fitted with three types of baffles to provide high turbulence and avoid channeling in the shell side. The bulk mean temperatures at various downstream positions are reported for different flow rate on tube side, as well as the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger is also reported. Pressure drop and overall heat-transfer coefficient is calculated at various tube and shell side process conditions. The outer and inner heat-transfer coefficients are determined using Wilson plot technique. The results show that at low Reynolds numbers, heat-transfer is 25% higher as compared to coiled tubes. At high Reynolds numbers, the configuration has less influence on heat transfer. New empirical correlations are developed for hydrodynamic and heat-transfer predictions in the coiled flow inverter.     

螺旋槽管管壳式换热器的传热与流阻研究

以螺旋槽管为强化传热管,以空气为传热介质,研究了管壳式换热器壳程以气体纵向冲刷为特点的传热与流阻性能,并在相同的实验条件下,与弓形隔板管壳式换热器的传热性能加以比较,结果表明,螺旋槽管管壳式换热器可比普通弓形隔板管壳式换热器提高总传热系数48％,节省传热面积32.4％。     

SCV蛇形换热管内超临界LNG传热特性数值模拟

LNG沉浸式汽化器在液化天然气接收站应用广泛,管内超临界LNG的传热特性对SCV运行有重要影响,为此,建立了单根蛇形换热管内LNG流动传热过程的数值计算模型。分析了管程压力、热通量、入口速度及物性变化对管内流体温度与局部传热系数的影响规律。计算结果表明,局部传热系数沿流动方向呈先增大后减小的趋势,并在准临界点附近达到峰值;由于二次流现象,传热系数在弯管处发生突变。在操作压力范围内,压力越大,局部传热系数峰值越小;热通量越大,局部传热系数峰值越早出现,峰值过后系数下降越快,出现传热恶化现象;而入口速度越大,局部传热系数越大,其峰值出现位置越靠后。该数值模拟结果可为LNG沉浸式汽化器的设计提供参考。     

气-液-固三相逆流化床热量传递研究

在内径0.152 m,高2.5 m的气-液-固三相逆流化床中系统研究了热量传递特性特性。获得了气体和液体速度及聚乙烯和聚丙烯颗粒密度对内置加热器与床层间热量传递系数的影响规律。研究结果表明密度相对高的聚乙烯颗粒的逆流化床的热量传递系数比密度相对低的聚丙烯颗粒的逆流化床的热量传递系数大;随着气体速度的增加,热量传递系数增加。然而,随着液体速度增加,热量传递系数具有最大值。在热量传递系数达到最大值时对应的液体速度随着颗粒密度或气体速度的增加而降低。     

水平椭圆多孔管外降膜沸腾传热的研究

将椭圆截面多孔表面管用于强化水平管外喷淋式降膜沸腾传热过程,研究了强化传热机理,分析了各种因素对该传热过程的影响,并将实验数据拟合成数学关联式。实验结果表明,椭圆截面多孔表面管能够显著地提高水平管外喷淋式降膜沸腾传热性能。     

A review on boiling heat transfer enhancement with nanofluids

There has been increasing interest of late in nanofluid boiling and its use in heat transfer enhancement. This article covers recent advances in the last decade by researchers in both pool boiling and convective boiling applications, with nanofluids as the working fluid. The available data in the literature is reviewed in terms of enhancements, and degradations in the nucleate boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux. Conflicting data have been presented in the literature on the effect that nanofluids have on the boiling heat-transfer coefficient; however, almost all researchers have noted an enhancement in the critical heat flux during nanofluid boiling. Several researchers have observed nanoparticle deposition at the heater surface, which they have related back to the critical heat flux enhancement.     

Modeling of the heat transfer in cross-flow heat exchangers

The heat transfer in plate heat exchangers with cross flows of heat-transfer media is considered. At constant values of thermophysical parameters using a model of a one-dimensional flow in cach channel, analytical expressions for the temperature and heat flux distributions are obtained. The efficiency of heat exchangers at different values of dimensionless parameters is estimated. A model is proposed to take into account the two-dimensional flow of heat-transfer media in channels on the basis of empirical relations for the flow resistance and the heat transfer in flat channels.     

Direct heat and mass transfer in structured packings

Direct heat transfer is an important method in the exchange of heat between two countercurrent process streams within a column. The process can be simulated using either the theoretical stage or the rate based concept. With both concepts, a reliable heat transfer coefficient is needed. Additionally, the rate of the heat transfer coefficient is influenced by the simultaneous mass transfer.

A number of application-dependent methods to estimate the heat transfer coefficient have been developed, mainly for random packings. It is the purpose of this paper to extend this work to structured packings.

A number of experiments with air/water have been performed in a column of 300 mm inner diameter with Mellapak 250.Y, 250.X and 125.X at ambient conditions. A second group of measurements were done using an oil/air system where only sensible heat was transferred.

Based on these experimental results a method was developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient for structured packings. The method is applied to examples of industrial importance, like a gas quench, a gas saturator and a pump-around zone in an atmospheric tower.     

Calculating the Parameters of Heat Transfer between Countercurrent Flows with Variable Thermophysical Properties

A method is developed for calculating the parameters of heat transfer between heat-transfer media with highly variable properties in a countercurrent heat exchanger. It is based on a stable converging algorithm that minimizes a given functional and is similar to the shooting method for solving ordinary differential equations. Heat-transfer parameters are calculated for sub- and supercritical pressures. The calculated results are compared with observed data.     

木质素悬浮液管式降膜蒸发传热研究

管式降膜蒸发器由于具有传热系数高、传热温差小等优点,已应用于多个工业领域,对管式降膜蒸发器的研究也成为近年来传热技术领域的一项重要课题.文中设计了一套管式降膜蒸发装置,以木质素悬浮液为工质,对影响降膜蒸发传热的因素进行了实验研究,通过冷膜实验测试了所设计的筛板分布器的性能,得出筛板分布器能较好地使物料在换热管内壁上成膜...     

固定床内错流传热——I.床层的温度分布

对固定床中流体与换热管呈错流流动的传热进行了实验研究,并以二维传热模型进行模拟.比较模拟结果与实验测得数据得到如下结论:错流传热影响区域主要在换热管的后方,在前方几乎没有影响;错流传热过程与流体流动方向密切相关,热量传递顺流体流动方向进行,逆流动方向几乎不发生热量传递;随着Reynolds数增大,等温线范围变窄,被加热区宽度变小.拟合关联得到了壁给热系数hw和床层有效导热系数lb的关系式:hwDP/lf=14.77+0.058RePr,l/l=15.14+0.296RePr.     

气泡塔生物反应器中传热特性的研究

用热探针测定了气泡塔中不同工况的给热系数;推导了一个既可用于牛顿流体;又可用于非牛顿流体的计算气泡塔中给热系数的一般理论模型,其计算值与本文的实验数据、理论分析取得了一致的结果。本工作对分析生物反应器的传热特性有重要意义。     

水平管降膜蒸发海水淡化的传热试验研究

以φ19×0.75的光滑铝黄铜管为研究对象,在多功能蒸馏海水淡化传热试验平台上进行了水平管降膜蒸发传热试验研究,分析了液体负荷、热通量、蒸发温度和传热温差等对水平管降膜蒸发总传热系数的影响.试验研究结果可为海水淡化工程提供设计依据,为传热管间液体流动及传热传质的数值模拟研究提供对比数据,为水平管蒸发器的优化设计提供技术...     

Heat transfer coefficient in a high pressure tubular reactor for ethylene polymerization

Heat transfer in tubular reactors for the high pressure polymerization of ethylene is very complex, since these tubular reactors are usually divided into several zones that exhibit different flow patterns and critical fouling behavior. The correct estimation of the overall heat transfer coefficient along the reactor axial distance is a major issue when assessing the predictive capabilities of a mathematical model for the process. In general, previous models employed either constant heat transfer coefficients or the usual correlations for the Nusselt number. Neither of these two approaches is accurate enough to allow a correct prediction of the reactor behavior with respect to temperature profiles and product molecular properties. The present work performs a more comprehensive estimation of the heat transfer coefficient in these reactors. At a first stage the overall heat transfer coefficients were estimated by using approapriate energy balances and a good set of experimental data. Then, a predictive model was proposed for the overall heat transfer coefficient. All flow regimes, as well as fouling effects, were taken into account, and the parameter estimation was based on temperature profiles obtained from an industrial reactor. The temperature profiles, conversions, pressures and molecular properties calculated by means of the experimentally fitted heat transfer coefficients or with the predictive model showed good agreement with plant data.     

装有密封器的管壳式换热器的实验研究

通过在壳程内安装密封器件,对传统的管壳式换热器进行了结构改进。密封器堵住了折流板与壳体之间的间隙,有效地消除了换热器壳体内部的流体短路现象。实验结果表明,换热器安装密封器后,壳程的对流换热系数增加20%—25%,总传热系数增加15%—19%,有效地提高了换热器的换热性能。虽然换热器壳程的阻力损失有所增加,但泵耗功率的增量小于10 W,相对于换热量的增加可以忽略不计。此研究对换热器的节能优化设计有着重要的指导意义。