Adaptive group scheduling mechanism using mobile agents in peer-to-peer grid computing environment

Peer-to-peer grid computing is an attractive computing paradigm for high throughput applications. However, both volatility due to the autonomy of volunteers (i.e., resource providers) and the heterogeneous properties of volunteers are challenging problems in the scheduling procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a scheduling mechanism that adapts to a dynamic peer-to-peer grid computing environment. In this paper, we propose a Mobile Agent based Adaptive Group Scheduling Mechanism (MAAGSM). The MAAGSM classifies and constructs volunteer groups to perform a scheduling mechanism according to the properties of volunteers such as volunteer autonomy failures, volunteer availability, and volunteering service time. In addition, the MAAGSM exploits a mobile agent technology to adaptively conduct various scheduling, fault tolerance, and replication algorithms suitable for each volunteer group. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the MAAGSM improves performance by evaluating the scheduling mechanism in Korea@Home. SungJin Choi is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Korea University. His research interests include mobile agent, peer-to-peer computing, grid computing, and distributed systems. Mr. Choi received a M.S. in computer science from Korea University. He is a student member of the IEEE. MaengSoon Baik is a senior research member at the SAMSUNG SDS Research & Develop Center. His research interests include mobile agent, grid computing, server virtualization, storage virtualization, and utility computing. Dr. Baik received a Ph.D. in computer science from Korea University. JoonMin Gil is a professor in the Department of Computer Science Education at Catholic University of Daegu, Korea. His recent research interests include grid computing, distributed and parallel computing, Internet computing, P2P networks, and wireless networks. Dr. Gil received his Ph.D. in computer science from Korea University. He is a member of the IEEE and the IEICE. SoonYoung Jung is a professor in the Department of Computer Science Education at Korea University. His research interests include grid computing, web-based education systems, database systems, knowledge management systems, and mobile computing. Dr. Jung received his Ph.D. in computer science from Korea University. ChongSun Hwang is a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Korea University. His research interests include distributed systems, distributed algorithms, and mobile computing. Dr. Hwang received a Ph.D. in statistics and computer science from the University of Georgia.     

In-pipe robot based on selective drive mechanism

This paper presents an in-pipe robot, called MRINSPECT V (Multifunctional Robotic crawler for In-pipe inSPECTion V), which is under development for the inspection of pipelines with a nominal 8-inch inside diameter. To travel freely in every pipeline element, the robot adopts a differential driving mechanism that we have developed. Furthermore, by introducing clutches in transmitting driving power to the wheels, MRINSPECT V is able to select the suitable driving method according to the shape of the pipeline and save the energy to drive in pipelines. In this paper, the critical points in the design and construction of the proposed robot are described with the preliminary results that yield good mobility and increased efficiency. Recommended by Editorial Board member Dong Hwan Kim under the direction of Editor Jae-Bok Song. This work was supported by the Postdoctoral Research Program of Sungkyunkwan University (2008). Se-gon Roh received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D degrees in Mechatronics Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, in 1997, 1999, and 2006 respectively, and is currently a Researcher of the School of Mechanical Engineering also at Sungkyunkwan University. His research interests include mechanism design, applications of mobile robots, and in-pipe robots. Do Wan Kim received the B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, in 2007. He is currently working toward a M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering also at Sungkyunkwan University. His research interests include field robotics, in-pipe robots, and autonomous mobile robots. Jung-Sub Lee received the B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2008 from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, where he is currently working toward a M.S. degree in mechatronics engineering. His research interests include robot mechanism design, automation, and in-pipe robot. Hyungpil Moon received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from POSTECH in 1996 and 1998 respectively, and Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Michigan in 2005. He joined the faculty of School of Mechanical Engineering in Sungkyunkwan University as a Full-time Lecturer in 2008. He was a Post-doctoral fellow at Carnegie Mellon University, Robotics Institute until November 2007. His research interests include distributed manipulation, multiple robot navigation, SLAM, and biomimetic robotics. Hyouk Ryeol Choi received the B.S. degree from Seoul National University in 1984, the M.S. degree from Korea Advanced Technology of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1986, and the Ph.D. degree from Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) in 1994, Korea. Since 1995, he has been with Sungkyunkwan University, where he is currently a Professor of the School of Mechanical Engineering. He worked as an Associate Engineer with LG Electronics Central Research Laboratory from 1986 to 1989. From 1993 to 1995, he was with Kyoto University as a grantee of a scholarship from the Japanese Educational Ministry. He visited Advanced Institute of Industrial Science Technology (AIST), Japan as the JSPS Fellow, from 1999 to 2000. He is now an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Robotics, International Journal of Control, System, Automation(IJCAS), and International Journal of Intelligent Service Robots (JISR). His interests include dexterous mechanisms, field applications of robots, and artificial muscle actuator.     

One-bit algorithms

Many algorithms in distributed systems assume that the size of a single message depends on the number of processors. In this paper, we assume in contrast that messages consist of a single bit. Our main goal is to explore how the one-bit translation of unbounded message algorithms can be sped up by pipelining. We consider two problems. The first is routing between two processors in an arbitrary network and in some special networks (ring, grid, hypercube). The second problem is coloring a synchronous ring with three colors. The routing problem is a very basic subroutine in many distributed algorithms; the three coloring problem demonstrates that pipelining is not always useful. Amotz Bar-Noy received his B.Sc. degree in Mathematics and Computer Science in 1981, and his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science in 1987, both from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Between 1987 and 1989 he was a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. He is currently a visiting scientist at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. His current research interests include the theoretical aspects of distributed and parallel computing, computational complexity and combinatorial optimization. Joseph (Seffi) Naor received his B.A. degree in Computer Science in 1981 from the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology. He received his M.Sc. in 1983 and Ph.D. in 1987 in Computer Science, both from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Between 1987 and 1988 he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Since 1988 he has been a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. His research interests include combinatorial optimization, randomized algorithms, computational complexity and the theoretical aspects of parallel and distributed computing. Moni Naor received his B.A. in Computer Science from the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, in 1985, and his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1989. He is currently a visiting scientist at the IBM Almaden Research Center. His research interests include computational complexity, data structures, cryptography, and parallel and distributed computation.Supported in part by a Weizmann fellowship and by contract ONR N00014-85-C-0731Supported by contract ONR N00014-88-K-0166 and by a grant from Stanford's Center for Integrated Systems. This work was done while the author was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CAThis work was done while the author was with the Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, and Supported by NSF grant DCR 85-13926     

Music composition by interaction between human and computer

This paper aims at constructing a music composition system that composes music by the interaction between human and a computer. Even users without special musical knowledge can compose 16-bar musical works with one melody part and some backing parts using this system. The interactive Genetic Algorithm is introduced to music composition so that users’ feeling toward music is reflected in the composed music. One chromosome corresponds to 4-bar musical work information. Users participate in music composition by evaluating composed works after GA operators such as crossover, mutation, virus infection are applied to chromosomes based on the evaluation results. From the experimental results, it is found that the users’ evaluation values become high over the progress of generations. That is, the system can compose 16-bar musical works reflecting users’ feeling. Muneyuki Unehara: He received his M.S. in Engineering in 2002 from Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba. Currently, he is a Ph.D. candidate of Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba. His research interests include the construction of intelligent systems by considering soft computing techniques and human interface. Takehisa Onisawa, Ph.D.: He received Dr.Eng. in Systems Science in 1986 from Tokyo Institute of Technology. Currently, he is a Professor in the Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba. His research interests include applications of soft computing techniques to human centered systems thinking. He is a member of IEEE and IFSA.     

S-Club: an overlay-based efficient service discovery mechanism in CROWN Grid

Information service plays a key role in grid system, handles resource discovery and management process. Employing existing information service architectures suffers from poor scalability, long search response time, and large traffic overhead. In this paper, we propose a service club mechanism, called S-Club, for efficient service discovery. In S-Club, an overlay based on existing Grid Information Service (GIS) mesh network of CROWN is built, so that GISs are organized as service clubs. Each club serves for a certain type of service while each GIS may join one or more clubs. S-Club is adopted in our CROWN Grid and the performance of S-Club is evaluated by comprehensive simulations. The results show that S-Club scheme significantly improves search performance and outperforms existing approaches. Chunming Hu is a research staff in the Institute of Advanced Computing Technology at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. He received his B.E. and M.E. in Department of Computer Science and Engineering in Beihang University. He received the Ph.D. degree in School of Computer Science and Engineering of Beihang University, Beijing, China, 2005. His research interests include peer-to-peer and grid computing; distributed systems and software architectures. Yanmin Zhu is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He received his B.S. degree in computer science from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 2002. His research interests include grid computing, peer-to-peer networking, pervasive computing and sensor networks. He is a member of the IEEE and the IEEE Computer Society. Jinpeng Huai is a Professor and Vice President of Beihang University. He serves on the Steering Committee for Advanced Computing Technology Subject, the National High-Tech Program (863) as Chief Scientist. He is a member of the Consulting Committee of the Central Government’s Information Office, and Chairman of the Expert Committee in both the National e-Government Engineering Taskforce and the National e-Government Standard office. Dr. Huai and his colleagues are leading the key projects in e-Science of the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Sino-UK. He has authored over 100 papers. His research interests include middleware, peer-to-peer (P2P), grid computing, trustworthiness and security. Yunhao Liu received his B.S. degree in Automation Department from Tsinghua University, China, in 1995, and an M.A. degree in Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, in 1997, and an M.S. and a Ph.D. degree in computer science and engineering at Michigan State University in 2003 and 2004, respectively. He is now an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. His research interests include peer-to-peer computing, pervasive computing, distributed systems, network security, grid computing, and high-speed networking. He is a senior member of the IEEE Computer Society. Lionel M. Ni is chair professor and head of the Computer Science and Engineering Department at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Lionel M. Ni received the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, in 1980. He was a professor of computer science and engineering at Michigan State University from 1981 to 2003, where he received the Distinguished Faculty Award in 1994. His research interests include parallel architectures, distributed systems, high-speed networks, and pervasive computing. A fellow of the IEEE and the IEEE Computer Society, he has chaired many professional conferences and has received a number of awards for authoring outstanding papers.     

A study of the model and algorithms for handling location-dependent continuous queries

Advances in wireless and mobile computing environments allow a mobile user to access a wide range of applications. For example, mobile users may want to retrieve data about unfamiliar places or local life styles related to their location. These queries are called location-dependent queries. Furthermore, a mobile user may be interested in getting the query results repeatedly, which is called location-dependent continuous querying. This continuous query emanating from a mobile user may retrieve information from a single-zone (single-ZQ) or from multiple neighbouring zones (multiple-ZQ). We consider the problem of handling location-dependent continuous queries with the main emphasis on reducing communication costs and making sure that the user gets correct current-query result. The key contributions of this paper include: (1) Proposing a hierarchical database framework (tree architecture and supporting continuous query algorithm) for handling location-dependent continuous queries. (2) Analysing the flexibility of this framework for handling queries related to single-ZQ or multiple-ZQ and propose intelligent selective placement of location-dependent databases. (3) Proposing an intelligent selective replication algorithm to facilitate time- and space-efficient processing of location-dependent continuous queries retrieving single-ZQ information. (4) Demonstrating, using simulation, the significance of our intelligent selective placement and selective replication model in terms of communication cost and storage constraints, considering various types of queries. Manish Gupta received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Govindram Sakseria Institute of Technology & Sciences, India, in 1997 and his M.S. degree in Computer Science from University of Texas at Dallas in 2002. He is currently working toward his Ph.D. degree in the Department of Computer Science at University of Texas at Dallas. His current research focuses on AI-based software synthesis and testing. His other research interests include mobile computing, aspect-oriented programming and model checking. Manghui Tu received a Bachelor degree of Science from Wuhan University, P.R. China, in 1996, and a Master's Degree in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Dallas 2001. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Texas at Dallas. Mr. Tu's research interests include distributed systems, wireless communications, mobile computing, and reliability and performance analysis. His Ph.D. research work focuses on the dependent and secure data replication and placement issues in network-centric systems. Latifur R. Khan has been an Assistant Professor of Computer Science department at University of Texas at Dallas since September 2000. He received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in Computer Science from University of Southern California (USC) in August 2000 and December 1996, respectively. He obtained his B.Sc. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in November of 1993. Professor Khan is currently supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Texas Instruments, Alcatel, USA, and has been awarded the Sun Equipment Grant. Dr. Khan has more than 50 articles, book chapters and conference papers focusing in the areas of database systems, multimedia information management and data mining in bio-informatics and intrusion detection. Professor Khan has also served as a referee for database journals, conferences (e.g. IEEE TKDE, KAIS, ADL, VLDB) and he is currently serving as a program committee member for the 11th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (SIGKDD2005), ACM 14th Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2005), International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications DEXA 2005 and International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS 2005), and is program chair of ACM SIGKDD International Workshop on Multimedia Data Mining, 2004. Farokh Bastani received the B.Tech. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Texas at Dallas. Dr. Bastani's research interests include various aspects of the ultrahigh dependable systems, especially automated software synthesis and testing, embedded real-time process-control and telecommunications systems and high-assurance systems engineering. Dr. Bastani was the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (IEEE-TKDE). He is currently an emeritus EIC of IEEE-TKDE and is on the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools, the International Journal of Knowledge and Information Systems and the Springer-Verlag series on Knowledge and Information Management. He was the program cochair of the 1997 IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 1999 IEEE Knowledge and Data Engineering Workshop, 1999 International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralised Systems, and the program chair of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. He has been on the program and steering committees of several conferences and workshops and on the editorial boards of the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering and the Oxford University Press High Integrity Systems Journal. I-Ling Yen received her B.S. degree from Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the University of Houston. She is currently an Associate Professor of Computer Science at University of Texas at Dallas. Dr. Yen's research interests include fault-tolerant computing, security systems and algorithms, distributed systems, Internet technologies, E-commerce and self-stabilising systems. She has published over 100 technical papers in these research areas and received many research awards from NSF, DOD, NASA and several industry companies. She has served as Program Committee member for many conferences and Program Chair/Cochair for the IEEE Symposium on Application-Specific Software and System Engineering & Technology, IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium, IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference, and IEEE International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems. She has also served as a guest editor for a theme issue of IEEE Computer devoted to high-assurance systems.     

Ontological Semantics for Distributing Contextual Knowledge in Highly Distributed Autonomic Systems

Much recent research has focused on applying Autonomic Computing principles to achieve constrained self-management in adaptive systems, through self-monitoring and analysis, strategy planning, and self adjustment. However, in a highly distributed system, just monitoring current operation and context is a complex and largely unsolved problem domain. This difficulty is particularly evident in the areas of network management, pervasive computing, and autonomic communications. This paper presents a model for the filtered dissemination of semantically enriched knowledge over a large loosely coupled network of distributed heterogeneous autonomic agents, removing the need to bind explicitly to all of the potential sources of that knowledge. This paper presents an implementation of such a knowledge delivery service, which enables the efficient routing of distributed heterogeneous knowledge to, and only to, nodes that have expressed an interest in that knowledge. This gathered knowledge can then be used as the operational or context information needed to analyze to the system's behavior as part of an autonomic control loop. As a case study this paper focuses on contextual knowledge distribution for autonomic network management. A comparative evaluation of the performance of the knowledge delivery service is also provided. John Keeney holds a BAI degree in Computer Engineering and a PhD in Computer Science from Trinity College Dublin. His primary interests are in controlling autonomic adaptable systems, particularly when those systems are distributed. David Lewis graduated in Electronics Engineering from the University of Southampton and gained his PhD in Computer Science from University College London. His areas of interest include integrated network and service management, distributed system engineering, adaptive and autonomic systems, semantic services and pervasive computing. Declan O’Sullivan was awarded his primary degree, MSc and PhD in Computer Science from Trinity College Dublin. He has a particular interest in the issues of semantic interoperability and heterogeneous information querying within a range of areas, primarily network and service management, autonomic management, and pervasive computing.     

Preference update for e-commerce applications: Model,language, and processing

It is likely that customers issue requests based on out-of-date information in e-commerce application systems. Hence, the transaction failure rates would increase greatly. In this paper, we present a preference update model to address this problem. A preference update is an extended SQL update statement where a user can request the desired number of target data items by specifying multiple preferences. Moreover, the preference update allows easy extraction of criteria from a set of concurrent requests and, hence, optimal decisions for the data assignments can be made. We propose a group evaluation strategy for preference update processing in a multidatabase environment. The experimental results show that the group evaluation can effectively increase the customer satisfaction level with acceptable cost. Peng Li is the Chief Software Architect of didiom LLC. Before that, he was a visiting assistant professor of computer science department in Western Kentucky University. He received his Ph.D. degree of computer science from the University of Texas at Dallas. He also holds a B.Sc. and M.S. in Computer Science from the Renmin University of China. His research interests include database systems, database security, transaction processing, distributed and Internet computer and E-commerce. Manghui Tu received a Bachelor degree of Science from Wuhan University, P.R. China in 1996, and a Master Degree in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Dallas 2001. He is currently working toward the PhD degree in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Texas at Dallas. Mr. Tu’s research interests include distributed systems, grid computing, information security, mobile computing, and scientific computing. His PhD research work focus on the data management in secure and high performance data grid. He is a student member of the IEEE. I-Ling Yen received her BS degree from Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan, and her MS and PhD degrees in Computer Science from the University of Houston. She is currently an Associate Professor of Computer Science at the University of Texas at Dallas. Dr. Yen’s research interests include fault-tolerant computing, security systems and algorithms, distributed systems, Internet technologies, E-commerce, and self-stabilizing systems. She had published over 100 technical papers in these research areas and received many research awards from NSF, DOD, NASA, and several industry companies. She has served as Program Committee member for many conferences and Program Chair/Co-Chair for the IEEE Symposium on Application-Specific Software and System Engineering & Technology, IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium, IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference, and IEEE International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems. She is a member of the IEEE. Zhonghang Xia received the B.S. degree in applied mathematics from Dalian University of Technology in 1990, the M.S. degree in Operations Research from Qufu Normal University in 1993, and the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the University of Texas at Dallas in 2004. He is now an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY. His research interests are in the area of multimedia computing and networking, distributed systems, and data mining.     

PAN: A portable,parallel Prolog: Its design,realisation and performance

PAN is a general purpose, portable environment for executing logic programs in parallel. It combines a flexible, distributed architecture which is resilient to software and platform evolution with facilities for automatically extracting and exploiting AND and OR parallelism in ordinary Prolog programs. PAN incorporates a range of compile-time and run-time techniques to deliver the performance benefits of parallel execution while rertaining sequential execution semantics. Several examples illustrate the efficiency of the controls that facilitate the execution of logic programs in a distributed manner and identify the class of applications that benefit from distributed platforms like PAN. George Xirogiannis, Ph.D.: He received his B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Ioannina, Greece in 1993, his M.S in Artificial Intelligence from the University of Bristol in 1994 and his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh in 1998. His Ph.D. thesis concerns the automated execution of Prolog on distributed heterogeneous multi-processors. His research interests have progressed from knowledge-based systems to distributed logic programming and data mining. Currently, he is working as a senior IT consultant at Pricewaterhouse Coopers. He is also a Research Associate at the National Technical University of Athens, researching in knowledge and data mining. Hamish Taylor, Ph.D.: He is a lecturer in Computer Science in the Computing and Electrical Engineering Department of Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh. He received M.A. and MLitt degrees in philosophy from Cambridge University and an M.S. and a Ph.D. degree in computer science from Heriot-Watt University, Scotland. Since 1985 he has worked on research projects concerned with implementing concurrent logic programming languages, developing formal models for automated reasoning, performance modelling parallel relational database systems, and visualisizing resources in shared web caches. His current research interests are in applications of collaborative virtual environments, parallel logic programming and networked computing technologies.     

Trends of internet auctions and agent-mediated Web commerce

Electronic Commerce (EC) is a promising field for applying agent and Artificial Intelligence technologies. In this article, we give an overview of the trends of Internet auctions and agent-mediated Web commerce. We describe the theoretical backgrounds of auction protocols and introduce several Internet auction sites. Furthermore, we describe various activities aimed toward utilizing agent technologies in EC and the trends in standardization efforts on agent technologies. Makoto Yokoo, Ph.D.: He received the B.E. and M.E. degrees in electrical engineering, in 1984 and 1986, respectively, from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and the Ph.D. degree in information and communication engineering in 1995 from the University of Tokyo, Japan. He is currently a distinguished technical member in NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan. He was a visiting research scientist at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, from 1990 to 1991. His current research interests include multi-agent systems, search, and constraint satisfaction. Satoru Fujita, D.Eng.: He received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in electronic engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1984 and 1986, respectively. He also received his D.Eng. from the University of Tokyo in 1989 for his research on context comprehension in natural language understanding. He joined NEC Corporation in 1989, and is now a principal researcher of Internet Systems Research Laboratories of NEC. He is engaged in research on mobile agents, distributed systems and Web services.     

RHiNET-2/SW: a high-throughput, compact network-switch using 8.8-gbit/s optical interconnection

We have developed a high-throughput, compact network switch (the RHiNET-2/SW) for a distributed parallel computing system. Eight pairs of 800-Mbit/s×12-channel optical interconnection modules and a CMOS ASIC switch are integrated on a compact circuit board. To realize high-throughput (64 Gbit/s) and low-latency network, the SW-LSI has a customized high-speed LVDS I/O interface, and a high-speed internal SRAM memory in a 784-pin BGA one-chip package. We have also developed device implementation technologies to overcome the electrical problems (loss and crosstalk) caused by such high integration. The RHiNET-2/SW system enables high-performance parallel processing in a distributed computing environment. Shinji Nishimura: He is a researcher in the Department of Network System at the Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., at Tokyo. He obtained his bachelors degree in Electronics Engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1989, and his M.E. from the University of Tokyo in 1991. He joined a member of the Optical Interconnection Hitachi Laboratory from 1992. His research interests are in hardware technology for the optical interconnection technologies in the computer and communication systems. Katsuyoshi Harasawa: He is a Senior Enginner of Hitachi Communication Systems Inc. He obtained his bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo Denki University. He is a chief of development of the devices and systems for the optical telecommunication. He was engaged in Development of Optical Reciever and Transmitter module. He joined RWCP project from 1997. His research interests are in hardward technology for optical interconnection in distributed parallel computing system (RHiNET). Nobuhiro Matsudaira: He is a engineer in the Hitachi Communication Systems, Inc. He obtained his bachelors degree in Mercantile Marine Engineering from the Kobe University of Mercantile Marine in 1986. He was engaged in Development of Optical Reciever and Transmitter module at 2.4 Gbit/s to 10Gbit/s. He joined RWCP project from 1998. His reserch interests are in hardware technology for the optical interconnection technology in the computer and communication systems. Shigeto Akutsu: He is a staff in Hitachi Communication Systems Inc. He obtained his bachelors degree in Electronics from Kanagawa University, Japan in 1998. His research interests are hardware technology for the optical interconnection technology in the computer and communication systems. Tomohiro Kudoh, Ph.D.: He received Ph.D. degree from Keio University, Japan in 1992. He has been chief of the parallel and distributed architecture laboratory, Real World Computing Partnership since 1997. His research interests include the area of parallel processing and network for high performance computing. Hiroaki Nishi: He received B.E., M.E. from Keio University, Japan, in 1994, 1996, respectively. He joined Parallel & Distributed Architecture Laboratory, Real World Computing Partnership in 1999. He is currently working on his Ph.D. His research interests include area of interconnection networks. Hideharu Amano, Ph.D.: He received Ph.D. degree from Keio University, Japan in 1986. He is now an Associate Professor in the Department of Information and Computer Science, Keio University. His research interests include the area of parallel processing and reconfigurable computing.     

Multi economic agent interaction for optimizing the aggregate utility of grid users in computational grid

This paper investigates the interactions between agents representing grid users and the providers of grid resources to maximize the aggregate utilities of all grid users in computational grid. It proposes a price-based resource allocation model to achieve maximized utility of grid users and providers in computational grid. Existing distributed resource allocation schemes assume the resource provider to be capable of measuring user’s resource demand, calculating and communicating price, none of which actually exists in reality. This paper addresses these challenges as follows. First, the grid user utility is defined as a function of the grid user’s the resource units allocated. We formalize resource allocation using nonlinear optimization theory, which incorporates both grid resource capacity constraint and the job complete times. An optimal solution maximizes the aggregate utilities of all grid users. Second, this paper proposes a new optimization-based grid resource pricing algorithm for allocating resources to grid users while maximizing the revenue of grid providers. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm is more efficient than compared allocation scheme. Li Chunlin received the ME in computer science from Wuhan Transportation University in 2000, and PhD degree in Computer Software and Theory from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2003. She now is an associate professor of Computer Science in Wuhan University of Technology. Her research interests include computational grid, distributed computing and mobile agent. She has published over 15 papers in international journals. Li Layuan received the BE degree in Communication Engineering from Harbin Institute of Military Engineering, China in 1970 and the ME degree in Communication and Electrical Systems from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China in 1982. Since 1982, he has been with the Wuhan University of Technology, China, where he is currently a Professor and PhD tutor of Computer Science, and Editor in Chief of the Journal of WUT. He is Director of International Society of High-Technol and Paper Reviewer of IEEE INFOCOM, ICCC and ISRSDC. His research interests include high speed computer networks, protocol engineering and image processing. Professor Li has published over 150 technical papers and is the author of six books. He also was awarded the National Special Prize by the Chinese Government in 1993.     

Two fusion predictors for discrete-time linear systems with different types of observations

New fusion predictors for linear dynamic systems with different types of observations are proposed. The fusion predictors are formed by summation of the local Kalman filters/predictors with matrix weights depending only on time instants. The relationship between fusion predictors is established. Then, the accuracy and computational efficiency of the fusion predictors are demonstrated on the first-order Markov process and the GMTI model with multisensor environment. Recommended by Editorial Board member Lucy Y. Pao under the direction of Editor Young Il Lee. This work was partially supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MOST), No. R01-2007-000-20227-0 and the Center for Distributed Sensor Network at GIST. Ha-Ryong Song received the B.S. degree in Control and Instrumentation Engineering from the Chosun University, Korea, in 2006, the M.S. degree in School of Information and Mechatronics from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea, in 2007. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology. His research interests include estimation, target tracking systems, data fusion, nonlinear filtering. Moon-Gu Jeon received the B.S. degree in architectural engineering from the Korea University, Korea in 1988. He then received both the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science and scientific computation from the University of Minnesota in 1999 and 2001, respectively. Currently, he is an Associate Professor at the School of Information and Mechatronics of the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST). His current research interests are in machine learning and pattern recognition and evolutionary computation. Tae-Sun Choi received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1976, the M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, in 1979, and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, in 1993. He is currently a Professor in the School of Information and Mechatronics at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea. His research interests include image processing, machine/robot vision, and visual communications. Vladimir Shin received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Applied Mathematics from Moscow State Aviation Institute, in 1977 and 1979, respectively. In 1985 he received the Ph.D. degree in Mathematics at the Institute of Control Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. He is currently an Associate Professor at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea. His research interests include estimation, filtering, tracking, data fusion, stochastic control, identification, and other multidimensional data processing methods.     

BCL—3：Aigh Performance Basic Communication Protocol for Commodity Superserver DAWNING—3000

This paper introduces the design and implemetation of BCL-3,a high performance low-level communication software running on a cluster of SMPs(CLUMPS) called DAWNING-3000,BCL-3 provides flexible and sufficient functionality to fulfill the communication requirements of fundamental system software developed for DAWNING-3000 while guaranteeing security,scalability,and reliability,Important features of BCL-3 are presented in the paper,including special support for SMP and heterogeneous network environment,semiuser-level communication,reliable and ordered data transfer and scalable flow control,The performance evaluation of BCL-3 over Myrinet is also given.     

Convergence of iteration systems

Summary An iteration system is a set of assignment statements whose computation proceeds in steps: at each step, an arbitrary subset of the statements is executed in parallel. The set of statements thus executed may differ at each step; however, it is required that each statement is executed infinitely often along the computation. The convergence of such systems (to a fixed point) is typically verified by showing that the value of a given variant function is decreased by each step that causes a state change. Such a proof requires an exponential number of cases (in the number of assignment statements) to be considered. In this paper, we present alternative methods for verifying the convergence of iteration systems. In most of these methods, upto a linear number of cases need to be considered. Anish Arora is currently completing his Ph.D. degree at the University of Texas at Austin, and has been working in the Software Technology Program at MCC since December 1988. Anish received a B.Tech. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Dehli in 1986, and an M.S. degree in Computer Sciences from the University of Texas at Austin in 1988. His research interests inclde fault-tolerance, distributed computing, program correctness, and semantics of concurrency. Paul Attie is currently completing his Ph.D. degree of the University of Texas at Austin, and has been a member of technical staff in the Software Technology Program of the MCC since January 1990. Paul received a B.A. degree in Engineering Science from Oxford University in 1981, and an M.Sc. degree from the University of London in 1982. His research interests include distributed computing, temporal logic, and algebraic process theory. Michael Evangelist received his Ph.D. in 1978 from Northwestern, where he did research in formal language theory, graph theory, logic, and computational complexity theory. He taught computer science at Colgate University and, in 1982, became a member of technical staff at Bell Labs and did research in software engineering. Three years later, he joined the Software Technology Program at MCC, where he spent five years working on theoretical and practical issues in the design of distributed systems. Evangelist now heads the Software Engineering Laboratory in the Chicago research center of Andersen Consulting. Mohamed G. Gouda currently works on and teaches the stabilization of computing systems at the University of Texas at Austin. He designs cute communication protocols as a hobby, and proves them correct for fun.     

A method of model improvement for spotting recognition of gestures using an image sequence

We have developed a real-time gesture recognition system whose models can be taught by only one instruction. Therefore the system can adapt to new gesture performer quickly but it can not raise the recognition rates even if we teach gestures many times. That is because the system could not utilize all the teaching data. In order to cope with the problem, averages of teaching data are calculated. First, the best frame correspondence of the teaching data and the model is obtained by Continuous DP. Next the averages and variations are calculated for each frame of the model. We show the effectiveness of our method in the experiments. Takuichi Nishimura: He is a researcher of Multi-modal Function Tsukuba Laboratory and Information Basis Function Laboratory at the Real World Computing Partnership. He has engaged in motion image understanding, multi-modal human computer interface, multi-modal information retrieval, and mobile robot navigation. He completed the master’s course of the University of Tokyo in 1992. Hiroaki Yabe: He is from SHARP corporation working as a researcher of Multi-modal Function Tsukuba Laboratory and Information Basis Function Tsukuba Laboratory at the Real World Computing Partnership. He has engaged in motion image understanding, multi-modal human computer interface, multi-modal information retrieval. He completed the master’s course of the University of Tokyo in 1995. Ryuichi Oka, Ph.D.: He is a chief of Multi-modal Function Tsukuba Laboratory and Information Basis Function Laboratory at Tsukuba Research Center of the Real World Computing Partnership (RWC Japan) which started in 1992. His research interests include motion image understanding, spontaneous speech understanding, self-organisation information base, multi-modal human computer interface, multi-modal information retrieval, mobile robot, integration of symbol and pattern, and super parallel computation. He received his Ph.D degree in Engineering from the University of Tokyo.     

Sliding mode control for trajectory tracking of mobile robot in the RFID sensor space

This paper presents a sliding mode control method for wheeled mobile robots. Because of the nonlinear and nonholonomic properties, it is difficult to establish an appropriate model of the mobile robot system for trajectory tracking. A robust control law which is called sliding mode control is proposed for asymptotically stabilizing the mobile robot to a desired trajectory. The posture of the mobile robot (including the position and heading direction) is presented and the kinematics equations are established in the two-dimensional coordinates. According to the kinematics equations, the controller is designed to find an acceptable control law so that the tracking error will approximate 0 as the time approaches infinity with an initial error. The RFID sensor space is used to estimate the real posture of the mobile robot. Simulation and experiment demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system for robust tracking of mobile robots. Recommended by Sooyong Lee under the direction of Editor Jae-Bok Song. This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MOST) (No. R01-2007-000-10171-0). Jun Ho Lee received the M.S degree in Mechanical Engineering from Pusan National University. His research interests include factory automation and sliding mode control. Cong Lin received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Jilin University and the M.S degree in Electrical Engineering from Pusan National University. His research interests include neural network and sliding mode control. Hoon Lim is currently a M.S student in Electrical Engineering of Pusan National University. His research interests include mobile manipulator and sliding mode control. Jang Myung Lee received the B.S. and M.S degrees in Electronics Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea. He received the Ph.D. degree in Computer from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Now, he is a Professor in Pusan National University. His research interests include integrated manufacturing systems and intelligent control.     

Provisioning QoS guarantee by multipath routing and reservation in Ad hoc networks

In this paper, a QoS multipath source routing protocol (QoS-MSR) is proposed for ad hoc networks. It can collect QoS information through route discovery mechanism of multipath source routing (MSR) and establish QoS route with reserved bandwidth. In order to reserve bandwidth efficiently, a bandwidth reservation approach called the multipath bandwidth splitting reservation (MBSR) is presented, under which the overall bandwidth request is split into several smaller bandwidth requests among multiple paths. In simulations, the anthors introduce Insignia, an in-bind signaling system that supports QoS in ad hoc networks, and extend it to multipath Insignia (M-Insignia) with QoS-MSR and MBSR. The results show that QoS-MSR routing protocol with the MBSR algorithm can improve the call admission ratio of QoS traffic, the packet delivery ratio, and the end-to-end delay of both best-effort traffic and QoS traffic. Therefore, QoS-MSR with MBSR is an efficient mechanism that supports QoS for ad hoc networks.     

A data mining approach to database compression

Data mining can dig out valuable information from databases to assist a business in approaching knowledge discovery and improving business intelligence. Database stores large structured data. The amount of data increases due to the advanced database technology and extensive use of information systems. Despite the price drop of storage devices, it is still important to develop efficient techniques for database compression. This paper develops a database compression method by eliminating redundant data, which often exist in transaction database. The proposed approach uses a data mining structure to extract association rules from a database. Redundant data will then be replaced by means of compression rules. A heuristic method is designed to resolve the conflicts of the compression rules. To prove its efficiency and effectiveness, the proposed approach is compared with two other database compression methods. Chin-Feng Lee is an associate professor with the Department of Information Management at Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. She received her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in 1994 and 1998, respectively, from the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering at National Chung Cheng University. Her current research interests include database design, image processing and data mining techniques. S. Wesley Changchien is a professor with the Institute of Electronic Commerce at National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan, R.O.C. He received a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering (1989) and completed his MS (1993) and Ph.D. (1996) degrees in Industrial Engineering at State University of New York at Buffalo, USA. His current research interests include electronic commerce, internet/database marketing, knowledge management, data mining, and decision support systems. Jau-Ji Shen received his Ph.D. degree in Information Engineering and Computer Science from National Taiwan University at Taipei, Taiwan in 1988. From 1988 to 1994, he was the leader of the software group in Institute of Aeronautic, Chung-Sung Institute of Science and Technology. He is currently an associate professor of information management department in the National Chung Hsing University at Taichung. His research areas focus on the digital multimedia, database and information security. His current research areas focus on data engineering, database techniques and information security. Wei-Tse Wang received the B.A. (2001) and M.B.A (2003) degrees in Information Management at Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. His research interests include data mining, XML, and database compression.     

Fast multicast on multistage interconnection networks using multi-head worms

1IntroductionMulticastcommunication,whichreferstothedeliveryofamessagefromasinglesourcenodetoanumberofdestinationnodes,isfrequentlyusedindistributed-memoryparallelcomputersystemsandnetworks[1].Efficientimplementationofmulticastcommunicationiscriticaltotheperformanceofmessage-basedscalableparallelcomputersandswitch-basedhighspeednetworks.Switch-basednetworksorindirectnetworks,basedonsomevariationsofmultistageiDterconnectionnetworks(MINs),haveemergedasapromisingnetworkajrchitectureforconstruct…