扑尔敏对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用室内培养法,以清水和油菜素内酯作为对照,分析不同浓度的扑尔敏溶液浸泡玉米种子对其发芽率、茎长、根长、植株质量、叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量等指标的影响。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内扑尔敏对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,且随着扑尔敏质量浓度的增大,玉米种子的发芽率、茎长、根长、植株质量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量等均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,以260 mg/L处理各指标最好,各项指标均优于0.3 mg/L油菜素内酯处理。     

穿心莲内酯对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

探究穿心莲内酯对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。采用不同质量浓度穿心莲内酯浸种处理,以清水和生物源植物生长调节剂油菜素内酯为对照,测定发芽率、发芽势、根长、苗高、鲜质量、干质量等指标。结果表明,随着穿心莲内酯质量浓度的升高,其促进作用先升高后降低,质量浓度150 mg/L的穿心莲内酯溶液对小麦种苗生长促进作用明显,为研究绿色农业植物生长调节物质提供基础。     

苦参碱制剂作为生物刺激素对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

采用室内水培法,考察苦参碱制剂对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,随着苦参碱制剂浓度的增加,玉米种子的发芽势、发芽率,以及幼苗根长、叶长、鲜质量、干质量、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量均出现先增大后减小的现象;70 mg/L苦参碱制剂处理的玉米种子及幼苗各项指标均为最高。苦参碱制剂对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用。     

芸苔素内酯对花生幼苗生长的影响

芸苔素内酯(BR)是一种新型植物生长调节剂。通过适宜浓度芸苔素内酯浸种和茎叶喷施处理可以促进花生种子萌发和幼苗生长。用0.1 mg稬-1芸苔素内酯浸种可以使花生的发芽率提高62.7%,但浓度高于0.5 mg稬-1抑制花生萌发, 5.0mg稬-1浸种可引起花生幼苗生长异常。苗期BR茎叶处理对花生幼苗生长发育均有一定的促进作用,株高、根长、株鲜重、茎叶鲜重等生长指标均高于对照。     

青蒿素对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

运用室内培养皿法,分析不同质量浓度的青蒿素浸种后黑麦草种子萌发、根系活力、幼苗生长等指标的变化。结果表明,青蒿素对黑麦草种子萌发有抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用越显著。与无菌水对照相比,随着青蒿素质量浓度的增加,根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量逐渐降低,而黑麦草幼苗的苗高、根长、鲜质量、干质量、根冠比及叶绿素含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。20~30 mg/L青蒿素处理对黑麦草幼苗各项指标的影响与PP333对照相似。     

葡萄籽提取物对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

利用培养皿纸上发芽法,以清水和油菜素内酯为对照,研究不同质量浓度葡萄籽提取物溶液对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,葡萄籽提取物对黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用,且随着葡萄籽提取物溶液质量浓度的增大,其促进作用先升高后降低;黑麦草各指标以200 mg/L葡萄籽提取物溶液处理最佳,与20 mg/L油菜素内酯处理相当。     

油菜素内酯对直播稻素质的影响及增产效果

0.01%油菜素内酯EC 0.04 mg/L浸种24 h后清洗催芽,比对照发芽率增加2.18%,芽长增加9.37%;播种后17 d,稻苗平均叶片长、分蘖数、根条数、株高、根长均比对照增加不明显,但平均鲜重和百株干重明显增加,比对照分别增加3.36%、9.73%.0.01%油菜素内酯EC浸种后分别使用0.01、0.02、0.04、0.06 mg/L于孕穗期和齐穗期喷雾2次,增产率分别达到7.90%、13.51%、14.88%、18.83%.同类产品0.04%云大-120 AS等剂量处理与0.01%油菜素内酯EC对稻苗素质和产量有同样效果.     

烟酰胺对小麦萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以小麦种子烟农19为试验材料,采用培养皿纸上发芽法,以纯水为对照,研究不同浓度烟酰胺溶液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:烟酰胺溶液浓度为25 mg/L时,处理效果最佳.小麦种子发芽势、发芽率显著提高,分别增加了25.27％、15.58％;小麦幼苗的株高、根长,幼苗的鲜重均显著增加,其中株高增加了36.16％,根长增加了131.47％,幼苗的鲜重增加了38.89％,a-淀粉酶和叶绿素也分别增加了98.40％、87.69％,为研究烟酰胺作为小麦种子包衣剂成分提供了较好的试验基础.     

绿丰收浸种对油菜种子萌发,幼苗生长和产量的影响

用不同浓度的绿丰收处理油菜种子的试验结果表明：不同浓度处理对种子萌发速率，幼苗展开叶片数，苗高，叶面积，叶片叶绿素含量，产量均产生了一定的影响，１２００倍液效果最佳，可使幼苗展开叶片数增加０．１９片，苗高增加０．６１ｃｍ，叶面积增加２７．２７％，叶绿素含量增加２４．１３％，单盆产量增加２７．３４％。     

黄腐酸对盐胁迫下红花种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

正以蒸馏水浸种为对照,研究盐(Na Cl)胁迫下红花种子的萌发情况以及不同黄腐酸(F A)浓度对盐胁迫下红花种子萌发及其幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,在Na Cl质量浓度≥60 mg/m L时,红花种子的发芽率显著降低,其中,当Na Cl质量浓度为120 mg/m L时,红花种子发芽率为19%;盐胁迫下适宜浓度的FA处理能显著提高红花种子的发     

25%丙硫克百威悬浮种衣剂对水稻干尖线虫病的防效

25%丙硫克百威悬浮种衣剂每千克种子4mL、8mL包衣水稻种子,对水稻种子的发芽、出苗没有影响,水稻苗高显著高于对照,实际产量、穗长、每穗实粒数都显著高于不用药处理,该种衣剂各处理对干尖线虫病的防效均高于95%杀螟丹可溶性粉剂6000倍浸种处理的防效。     

酰胺类新化合物对小麦种子发芽的影响

研究了酰胺类新化合物不同浸种浓度、浸种时间以及浸种温度对小麦种子发芽的影响。结果表明:这几种新化合物在浸种时间为7~10 h,质量浓度为125 mg/L,温度为25℃时表现出较高的发芽率。     

盐胁迫下黄腐酸对大豆种子萌发及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究盐胁迫条件下黄腐酸(FA)对大豆种子萌发及抗氧化酶活性的影响,以微生物降解褐煤产生的FA为实验材料,研究了其在大豆萌发过程中对根部过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫条件下,低浓度(100、200 mg/L)的FA会提高大豆种子萌发过程中根部CAT及POD的活性,而高浓度(1000 mg/L)的FA作用恰恰相反。低浓度(100 mg/L)的FA降低大豆种子萌发过程中根部MDA的含量。综上得出,100 mg/L的FA可以提高大豆种子萌发过程中对盐胁迫的适应力。     

Phytotoxicity of water-soluble substances from alfalfa and barley soil extracts on four crop species

Problems associated with continuously planting alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) or seeding to thicken depleted alfalfa stands may be due to autotoxicity, an intraspecific form of allelopathy. A bioassay approach was utilized to characterize the specificity and chemical nature of phytotoxins in extracts of alfalfa soils as compared to fallow soil or soil where a cereal was the previous crop. In germination chamber experiments, water-soluble substances present in methanol extracts of soil cropped to alfalfa or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) decreased seedling root length of alfalfa L-720, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Nugaines) and radish (Raphanus sativa L. Crimson Giant). Five days after germination, seedling dry weights of alfalfa and radish in alfalfa soil extracts were lower compared to wheat or red clover (Trifolium pralense L. Kenland). Growth of red clover was not significantly reduced by soil extracts from cropped soil. Extracts of crop residue screened from soil cropped to alfalfa or barley significantly reduced seedling root length; extracts of alfalfa residue caused a greater inhibition of seedling dry weight than extracts of barely residue. A phytotoxic, unidentified substance present in extracts of crop residue screened from alfalfa soil, which inhibited seedling root length of alfalfa, was isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Residues from a soil cropped continuously to alfalfa for 10 years had the greatest phytotoxic activity.     

三十烷醇磷酸酯钾的生物活性检测

用０．００１、０．０１、０．１、１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的三十烷磷酸酯钾（ＴＰＫ）溶液培养小麦、水稻幼苗。其促进幼苗根、茎叶器官生长的能力以０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ为最佳,使小麦幼苗的苗高、苗鲜重、苗干重、根长、根鲜重、根干重、全株鲜重和全株干重分别比甭水对照提高１７．１％、１７．０％、１８．４％、１６．４％￣１１．０％、１２．０％、１５．０％和１７．０％,使水稻幼的上述指标分别提高１０．３％、１１．０％、４０．３     

黄腐酸、水杨酸浸种对冬小麦种子活力的影响

使用黄腐酸(FA)和水杨酸(SA)浸种，可以显著提高种子活力，增加抗逆性能，本试验研究了黄腐酸和水杨酸浸种对冬小麦种子抗盐以及水分胁迫的影响，结果表明，使用FA与SA进行浸种处理，对种子细胞膜有明显的保护作用，减少盐和水分胁迫对种子的伤害，增加冬小麦种子NACI溶液培养和PEG(聚乙二醇)溶液培养条件下的发芽率，促进根增长，提高在盐和水分胁迫条件下的种子活力。黄腐酸和水杨酸两种物质结合使用可显著提高处理效果，具有明显的正效应。     

Allelopathic suppression of weed and nitrification by selected cultivars ofSorghum bicolor (L.) moench

Root exudates of 100 cultivars ofSorghum bicolor L. (Moench) were screened for their ability to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth ofAmaranthus retroflexus L. Exudates of some of the test cultivars were found to inhibit significantly seed germination and/or seedling growth ofA. retroflexus, and most of the inhibitory activity was found in neutral and acetone fractions of root exudates. Testing of aqueous extracts and decaying residues of four selectedSorghum cultivars (two toxic and two nontoxic through root exudation) revealed that all four cultivars significantly reducedA. retroflexus growth and nitrification processes with greater inhibition achieved by the toxic cultivars. This study suggests a potential biological control ofAmaranthus and nitrification by someS. bicolor cultivars.     

Effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) litter on seed germination and early seedling growth of four boreal tree species

Laboratory and greenhouse bioassays were used to test for inhibitory effects of senescent and decomposed leaves and aqueous extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) against seed germination and seedling growth of aspen (Populus tremula L.), birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Aqueous extracts from bilberry leaves were inhibitory to aspen seed germination and seedling growth and also induced root damage and growth abnormalities. Addition of activated carbon removed the inhibitory effects of extracts. Senescent leaves reduced pine and spruce seed germination, but rinsing of seeds reversed this inhibition. Senescent leaves were more inhibitory than decomposed leaf litter, suggesting that the inhibitory compounds in bilberry leaves are relatively soluble and released at early stages during decomposition. Spruce was generally less negatively affected by litter and aqueous extracts than the other tested species. This study indicates that chemical effects of bilberry litter have the potential to inhibit tree seedling recruitment, but these effects were not consistently strong. Phytotoxicity is unlikely to be of critical importance in determining success for spruce seedling establishment.