中国成立第四大石油公司

为了满足中国国内不断增长的石油需求，中国批准成立一家新的石油公司，即陕西延长石油集团公司，该公司获准进行石油的勘探、开发及炼油等业务。陕西延长石油集团公司是在兼并了21家石油勘探和开发公司以及3家炼油厂的基础上成立的，该公司将成为中国第四大石油公司。     

洗衣用洗涤剂与餐具洗涤剂新产品的开发

近年来，由于家庭护理用品公司和化学品公司的合作研究开发出一系列洗衣用洗涤剂与餐具洗涤剂新产品，这显示了合作研究开发的力量。     

帝人开发高强度超细纤维

帝人纤维公司正在开发高强度超细纤维，商标名称为“nanoFRONT”，在完成了工艺技术开发和应用开发后，目前已开始商业化生产。     

国内简讯

国内简讯上海染料公司开发成功一批新染料在经济体制改革不断深入的一九九三年，上海染料公司面对激烈竞争的市场形势，把开发新产品作为首项任务来抓，全公司的技术系统在公司总工程师领导下健全开发体系，有困难共同商量、有问题协商解决，较好地调动了全公司工程技术人...     

广州永全丽玻璃有限公司

广州市永全丽玻璃制品公司从小做起，走过了十余年的风雨历程，现已发展成为初具规模化生产能力的艺术玻璃加工企业。公司以新产品开发为主导，生产畅销产品为已任，客户至上为准则，持续开发了永全丽“色釉玻璃，热熔贴金玻璃和彩色玻璃柱”等专利产品。     

竞博加快新品开发

重庆竞博工业（集团）有限责任公司盯住市场，根据不同消费者的需求开发新产品，拓展市场，收到了良好效果。该公司今年开发上市的绅士靴、运动鞋系列产品被重庆市评为名牌产品、在重庆首届服装博览会上被评为优秀鞋业企业。该公司领导十分重视新产品开发工作。凡是设计人员开发的新产品投放市场后，受用户欢迎、效益好，公司将给设计人员按比例提奖，还给一次性重奖。这大大激发了设计人员的积极性，今年以来开发新产品５０余个，创造了公司历史最高记录。现在开发设计人员主动性明显增强，经常深入用户，了解市场，收集各种鞋类信息，开发…     

美国：CO2借太阳能制生物柴油工艺

美国Joule生物技术公司宣布，已开发出太阳能制生物柴油工艺。该公司开发可再生燃料，通过工程化微生物，以太阳能为推动力，达到二氧化碳（CO2）直接微生物转化成为烃类。Joule生物技术公司正在开发新的光合成驱动途径，以生产可再生燃料，这可避免多步法纤维素或海藻生物质生产方法的经济性和环境问题。     

上制品公司研讨科技兴企

上海橡胶制品有限公司近期开展了多次“解放思想，拆除围墙，改制到位”研讨活动。继3月底召开的“经营战线拆围墙，树立危机感，转变观念研讨会”之后，4月初又召开了“解放思想，拆除围墙，加快新品开发，加强技术管理研讨会”。该公司党委副书记钱国雄主持会议，该公司主管领导和所属各单位有关负责人共40多人参加了会议。公司副总经理高伟民首先发言，他指出，1997年全公司开发新产品数十个，其中16个通过验收，而上档次成为拳头产品的很少，这说明在新品开发和技术创新上还有许多思想“围墙”要拆除，要求大家献计献策。他还指出，企业…     

拜耳推出太阳能电池用聚氨酯薄膜

目前全球太阳能设施装机容量几乎以指数式增长，开发发电效率和生产效率更高的太阳能电池组件变得极为重要。拜耳材料科技公司近来在此方面获得重大突破。该公司研发人员开发成功的一种耐光热塑性聚氨酯，为太阳能电池的生产提供了新的解决方案。通过和德国一家公司合作，拜耳材料科技公司利用这种聚氨酯制成一种商品名为VISTA-SOLAR的新型薄膜，将其用作太阳能电池原料替代传统的EVA（乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物）薄膜，不仅使太阳能电池的生产更为方便和快捷，也大大提高了太阳能电池的发电效率。     

CRI催化剂公司和HTE合作开发苯乙烯催化剂

据美国C＆EN报道，Shell化学下属CRI催化剂公司与德国高通量技术实验公司（HTE）建立了关于催化剂开发的合作关系，在过去一年中为开发乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯的新催化剂，共同验证了HTE的反应器技术和实验方法。两家公司称即将进行该新催化剂的研发工作。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.