Investigation of Copper Recovery from a New Copper Deposit (Nussir) in Northern Norway

ABSTRACT

Norway has seen an upsurge of interest in exploiting its mineral deposits during the last decade. One of the major areas of interest is a huge copper deposit, operated by Nussir ASA located in the Repparfjord tectonic window in the Caledonides of west Finnmark. Nussir ASA is evaluating the Nussir and Ulveryggen mineral resources that contain copper sulfides with a small amount of gold and silver bearing minerals. The performance of flotation operations is generally evaluated on the basis of degree of liberation of minerals or the surface interactions between the collector and mineral. Firstly, size-by-size mineralogical characterization of the flotation feed and cumulative final product using Zeiss automated mineralogy techniques (Mineralogic) revealed that mineral liberation heavily influenced the flotation behavior of the ore. Furthermore, in order to assess the role of pH, collector concentration and flotation time, bench scale flotation experiments were performed. The metallurgical results were maximum between pH 6 and 8 and at collector concentration 6 × 10^?5 M. A correlation is established using the zeta potential and Hallimond flotation tests to assess the role of operating parameters in flotation. The distinctive role of process mineralogy and flotation chemical influence for copper mineral flotation of Nussir ore is presented in this article.     

内蒙古某含铜铅锌金矿多金属分离选矿试验研究

针对内蒙古某含铜铅锌金矿矿石性质,提出了铜铅锌浮选—尾矿氰化浸金工艺流程。该文重点探讨了铜铅锌浮选分离部分,为该金矿资源的综合利用提供依据。通过铜铅混浮—铜铅分离—铜铅尾矿浮选锌的闭路流程,获得了相对较好的试验指标:铜精矿铜品位20.79%、铜回收率64.94%,铅精矿铅品位56.68%、铅回收率62.16%,锌精矿锌品位40.54%、锌回收率57.22%。     

云南某铜铅锌混合矿降硅试验研究

云南某铜铅锌混合矿矿石各矿物嵌布粒度不均匀,共生关系密切,铅锌含量较高,经磨矿后即可作为铜铅锌混合精矿直接销售给白银集团公司第三冶炼厂,由于铜铅锌混合精矿中二氧化硅高达7.51%,给冶炼工艺造成了一定的困难,为降低铜铅锌混合精矿中二氧化硅的含量,采用铜铅锌混合浮选-脱水再混合浮选的工艺对该矿石进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明,在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占85%的情况下,采用铜铅锌混合粗选Ⅰ直接选出混合精矿1,再将混合粗选Ⅰ的尾矿进行脱水,提高矿浆浓度后,采用铜铅锌混合粗选Ⅱ经两粗一精获得混合精矿2,两次粗选尾矿为最终尾矿。采用水玻璃、硫酸铜、丁基黄药、2#油四种药剂。最终铜铅锌混合精矿铜铅锌品位分别达到2.95%、20.68%、24.17%;铜铅锌回收率分别达到95.26%、93.12%、96.15%;混合精矿伴生银品位为147.22 g/t,银回收率为92.79%;铜铅锌混合精矿二氧化硅含量降低为4.25%,达到了冶炼工艺的合理要求。     

四川里伍铜矿多金属低品位尾矿工艺矿物学研究

为了研究里伍铜矿浮选尾矿工艺矿物学特征,采用了化学方法和显微镜观察等技术手段。研究发现,里伍铜矿浮选尾矿中主要金属矿物有磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和铁闪锌矿等,脉石矿物有石英、绿泥石和斜长石等。尾矿粒度较粗,+0.097 mm粒级占67.6%。-0.200～+0.074 mm粒级之间,铜分布率为57.12%,锌分布率为66.70%。金和银嵌布粒度细,分布率与铜分布率接近正相关。尾矿中大部分磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和铁闪锌矿没有单体解离,互相复杂连生。采用浮选等传统选矿方法,成本相对较高;采用微生物冶金技术回收尾矿中铜、锌等金属更具可行性。     

Application of Knelson Concentrator for Beneficiation of Copper–Cobalt Ore Tailings

The beneficiation of high talc-containing copper–cobalt flotation tailings was studied by centrifugal gravity concentration. It was found that copper and cobalt minerals were finely disseminated in the gangue matrix so that conventional gravity concentration using spirals and shaking tables would be ineffective. The actual experimental test work was performed using the Knelson gravity concentrator and the results were transposed to industrial scale by simulating several beneficiation scenarios. The results indicated that integration of Knelson concentrators in the concentration circuit to treat the flotation tailings would significantly improve copper and cobalt recoveries from 65.00% to 86.09% and 67.00% to 86.96%, respectively.     

鞍山式贫赤铁矿不同种类分选尾矿中铁的赋存规律

以齐大山铁矿选矿分厂铁尾矿为例,对重选尾矿、磁选尾矿、浮选尾矿和综合尾矿4种不同种类尾矿的工艺矿物学性质进行对比分析,并对尾矿中铁的可回收性进行评价。研究结果表明,尾矿中铁矿物主要为赤铁矿,脉石矿物主要是石英,有害元素S、P的含量低;尾矿中铁的金属分布率随着粒级的变化,呈两端高、中间低的规律。重选尾矿中铁矿物主要包裹在粗颗粒脉石中,浮选尾矿中铁矿物主要赋存在细颗粒连生体中,磁选尾矿中的铁矿物粒度极细,综合尾矿粒度范围宽、粒度分布极不均匀。采用单一重选和磁选方法对不同种类尾矿进行再选,浮选尾矿指标最佳,重选尾矿次之,综合尾矿最差,磁选尾矿属于不可选。鞍山式贫赤铁矿分选尾矿中铁的赋存状态决定了铁的再回收潜力,可为此类分选尾矿的处理提供理论借鉴。      

Rational Processing of Refractory Copper-Bearing Ores

The results of material composition studies of four samples of refractory copper-bearing ores of the Uzelga deposit are presented along with the results of studies of technological solutions to increase their processing parameters. The refractoriness of ores is associated with a thin dissemination up to micron size and close interbreedings of ore and rock minerals. Iron sulfides are presented by a wide range of minerals: pyrite and marcasite, melnikovite, arsenic pyrite, and arsenopyrite; sooty melnikovite has an increased flotation activity. The grinding of iron sulfides from 89 to 29% is followed by a proportional increase in easily floatable rock minerals to 45% and clay to 9%. These properties make these sulfides difficult to process and retain ore refractoriness to the flotation concentration. The content of copper sulfides in ore samples varies from 3.32 to 7.29%; the relative portion of copper sulfide in a form of tennantite in different samples of deposit varies from 29 to 93%. Copper is also present in a form of chalcopyrite and bornite. The best flotation activity of tennantite can be seen in a neutral and slightly acidic medium, in contrast with the standard flotation regime for chalcopyrite and bornite with butyl xanthate in a high-alkaline calcareous medium. Free grains of copper minerals can be selectively extracted into intercycled concentrates during grinding of no more than 60% of the class–71 μm. The technology of flotation in a low-alkaline medium with M-TF selective sulfhydril collector in the intercycle copper flotation and refinement cycle of the copper concentrate is developed for refractory copper-bearing ores with a variable tennantite content. Aeration is applied to suppress the flotation activity of melnikovite, which makes it possible to attain 80% copper recovery into a conditional copper concentrate. The fine inclusions of bornite, tennantite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite into pyrite makes it rational to obtain copper–pyrite and copper–zinc–pyrite products with a yield up to 12% for pyro- and hydrometallurgical processing, along with the isolation of enriched copper concentrates.     

选冶联合提高甘肃某难浸金矿浮选尾矿金回收率的试验研究

甘肃某金矿矿石金质量分数为4.3×10-6,锑、砷和碳依次为0.48%、0.37%和1.84%,属于典型的复杂难处理锑金矿,现场生产采用"重选-浮选-浮尾氰化"工艺回收金和锑。由于矿石中金嵌布粒度粗细不均,锑、砷和碳等杂质含量高,导致金总回收率仅为82%,金损失严重。为提高金回收率,采用电子探针对浮选尾矿中金的赋存状态进行了研究,在此基础上开展了提高金回收率的试验研究。试验结果表明:浮选尾矿中部分金以晶格金或包裹金形式赋存于毒砂、黄铁矿和辉锑矿等硫化矿物中,氰化浸出过程中难以与浸出液接触,是导致金损失过高的主要原因;氰化浸出前先对浮选尾矿进行分级,分级后对+0.038 mm粗粒级进行再磨和活化浮选,强化对包裹金和晶格金的回收,然后再将粗粒浮选尾矿与-0.038 mm细粒级合并进行氰化浸出,金总回收率可提高约9个百分点,尾渣中金质量分数降低至0.3×10-6以下。     

从某浮选尾矿中综合回收铜和白钨的选矿工艺研究

东北某大型铜矿山早期的选铜尾矿中含Cu0．1％±、含WO30．13％±,其中铜主要以硫化铜为主,钨主要以白钨矿为主。按目前的市场价格预算,具有进一步回收的价值。根据矿石性质,进行了一系列的条件试验研究,最终确定采用优先浮选回收硫化矿再浮选回收钨矿物的原则流程对尾矿中的铜和钨分别进行浮选回收,闭路试验获得的铜精矿中含Cu15．12％,Cu回收率为61．94％;钨精矿中含WO3 41．92％,WO3回收率为68．88％。为矿山的投资决策提供了科学的参考依据。     

某难选铜铅锌多金属硫化矿的选矿工艺研究

针对某铜铅锌多金属硫化矿的特征,通过多种方案的比较,采用铜铅优先浮选,水玻璃＋亚硫酸钠＋羧甲基纤维素组合抑制剂进行铜铅分离,铜铅混合浮选尾矿用硫酸铜活化后浮选锌矿物的试验方案,成功实现了铜铅的有效分离。获得了较佳的选矿指标。     

采用煤金团聚工艺从含硫化物原生金矿石中回收金的研究

对用煤金团聚法（Coal-Gold Agglomeration,CGA）从含硫化物原生金矿石中回收金进行了研究。试验探讨了捕收剂、pH调整剂、氧化还原抑制剂、矿浆电位等对金和金属硫化物回收率的影响。通过试验选择适用CGA工艺的2种高效捕收剂,对某高品位原生金矿石进行小型CGA闭路循环试验,聚团金回收率分别达94.2%和92.9%,聚团金品位分别达2400 g/t和2800 g/t以上,载金聚团焙灰金品位达20.8 kg/t和25.9 kg/t。采用CGA工艺处理含硫化物原生金矿石,可以用高效捕收剂,增加游离金与硫化物疏水性差异,将游离金选择性团聚,获得高品位载金聚团,尾矿浆用浮选或煤-油聚团强化浮选得含炭金精矿,实现煤金团聚、强化浮选联合工艺的应用。     

Development of Gold Extraction Technology from Refractory Gold Concentrates Based on Fine Grinding

The problem of in-site treatment of refractory gold and silver flotation concentrates is urgent in Russia at present, because the cost of concentrate treatment at copper smelters raises the cost of the recovered gold up to 30%. Sorption leaching with ultrafine pre-grinding of concentrates to a particle size of 0.010-0.020 mm has emerged as one of the perspective methods of handling this problem. A peculiarity of the devised technology is that ultrafine grinding is performed in standard ball mills loaded with different particle size material, thus providing a maximum contact surface. Typical low-coned hydrocyclones with 75 mm, 50 mm, and 35 mm diameters assembled in a multi-cyclone battery are used as classifying equipment. The proposed grinding scheme produces a final product of 98-99% minus 0.020 mm.

Pilot plant tests on pyrite and arsenopyrite concentrates from various deposits of Zabaikalie were carried out. The refractory nature of these concentrates is due to the presence of finely disseminated gold. Gold extraction from these concentrates, ground to 98-99% minus 0.074 mm in hydrometallurgical cycle does not exceed 80%. Concentrate grinding to 98-99% minus 0.020 mm enables a rise in the gold extraction in the subsequent carbon sorption cycle by 10-15% and reduces gold losses in sorption tailings by 3-5 g/t.     

云南某含大量磁黄铁矿的铜铅锌多金属硫化矿选矿工艺研究

针对原矿中含大量磁黄铁矿的特点,先磁选脱出磁黄铁矿及其它强磁性矿物,再混合浮选方铅矿、黄铜矿,然后浮选闪锌矿、黄铁矿。铜铅混合精矿再进行铜铅分离;浮选尾矿重选回收锡石。该流程方案可获得较好的铜铅锌硫分选指标,其中铜精矿铜品位11.26%,回收率29.25%;铅精矿铅品位45.26%,回收率71.20%;锌精矿锌品位45.97%,回收率83.00%。     

混合浮选新工艺回收复杂铜铅锌矿硫化矿试验研究

试验研究的矿样来自西藏墨竹工卡,矿石为复杂难选铜铅锌多金属矿。依据矿石性质的特点,铜铅锌浮选采用铜铅混合浮选、然后再进行铜铅分离,铜铅浮选尾矿进行浮选锌矿物的原则工艺流程。该工艺的关键技术如下：（1）铜铅混合浮选采用BD、丁基铵黑药和黄药组合捕收剂;（2）采用硫化钠、硫酸锌和碳酸钠组合作为锌矿物的抑制剂;（3）铜铅分离采用活性炭脱药;（4）CMC、Na2SO,和Na2SiO,环保型的组合药剂作为铅矿物的抑制剂。通过上述技术创新,成功地实现了铜铅分离,并取得良好的选矿试验指标。该工艺率先于2007年在西藏中凯墨竹工卡选矿厂取得成功。     

Flotation of Sulfide Components of Copper Ore in the Presence of n-Dodecane

Influence of n-dodecane aqueous emulsion on flotation of sulfide minerals present in the copper ore from the Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin (LGOM), carried out on the laboratory scale, was investigated. Five flotation experiments performed in the presence of different doses of n-dodecane were conducted and compared. Next, mineral analysis of selected flotation products were conducted and discussed. The best flotation selectivity was obtained for bornite, tennantite and chalcocite using 600 g/t of n-dodecane. In the case of non-copper sulfides, the maximum selectivity was observed for sphalerite and galena. Measurements of the rest potential of copper sulfide conducted to explain the differences between recoveries of each sulfide mineral were performed. It was observed, that with increasing sulfide rest potential, the recovery was decreasing. The study provided information hitherto poorly available in literature on flotation of sulfides from the LGOM area with n-dodecane.     

湖南某多金属矿综合回收白钨和锡石的试验研究

依据湖南某多金属矿矿石性质特点,采用预先浮硫化矿,浮硫尾矿常温浮白钨矿,白钨浮选粗精矿经酸浸脱磷产出合格的白钨精矿;白钨浮选尾矿经螺旋溜槽粗选富集,刻槽摇床精选产出锡精矿的工艺流程。对含WO30.617%、Sn0.043%的原矿,获得了钨(WO3)品位65.65%、回收率为85.09%的白钨精矿,锡品位28.20%,回收率为25.95%的锡精矿,白钨和锡石均得到有效回收。     

甘肃某难选金铜氧化矿浮选试验研究

甘肃某难选金铜氧化矿金含量为4.83 g/t,铜含量为1.18%,铜氧化率高达95.87%。铜矿物以难选的硅孔雀石为主,且与脉石矿物关系密切,金与铜矿物呈伴生关系。对原矿工艺矿物学进行了系统的研究,分析了尾矿中铜、金损失的原因。在磨矿细度为-74 μm占80%,Na₂S作硫化剂,CuSO₄作活化剂,丁基黄药、羟肟酸和25号黑药作捕收剂的条件下,采用一次粗选,四次扫选,粗精矿再磨后三次精选硫化浮选工艺流程,可获得金品位为86.65 g/t、金回收率为89.11%,铜品位为16.93%、铜回收率为71.92%,银品位为216.24 g/t、银回收率为87.26%的金铜精矿。金铜精矿可采用热压预氧化—无氰化工艺流程回收金铜,该选冶流程可为金铜氧化矿的开发利用提供借鉴。     

清洁无废回收利用尾矿集成化技术研究

研究了氰化提金尾矿的多元素回收利用技术和选铜尾矿浮选出的硫铁矿直接焙烧生成铁精粉等集成化技术。通过浮选试验和焙烧试验可以发现,在合适的工艺条件下,可以达到氰化尾矿中有价值多元素的综合回收,以及在工业中实现高品位硫铁矿直接焙烧生成合格铁精粉,最终可获得品位为Pb 30.29%、回收率为70.12%的铅精矿,品位为Zn 41.19%、回收率为74.93%的锌精矿,品位为Cu 7%的铜精矿和品位为S 40%~50%的硫铁矿;在最佳硫铁矿入炉品位、粒度、富氧程度下,可获得铁品位65%以上的铁精粉,为黄金工业向清洁无废化方向发展提供了新的途径。     

某银多金属矿石选矿试验研究

针对某银多金属矿石矿物种类多、嵌连关系复杂等特性,进行了混合浮选试验研究,考察了磨矿细度、pH、调整剂、精选次数等因素对浮选指标的影响。结果表明:在磨矿细度-0. 074 mm占75%及最佳药剂、流程结构条件下,采用混合浮选闭路流程,可获得银品位1 039. 80 g/t、银回收率91. 83%的混合精矿,尾矿银品位降低至7. 66 g/t,混合精矿中铜、铅、锌、钼均获得了较好的富集,回收指标较好。     

江西某钨矿重选尾矿中硫化矿的回收试验研究

江西某钨多金属矿中钨矿主要为黑钨矿,矿石中具有回收价值的元素为WO3、Sn、Mo、Cu.该钨多金属矿经常规重选回收钨锡矿物后,尾矿中含有大量黄铜矿、辉钼矿.试验针对此重选尾矿的性质特点,采用铜钼混浮再分离的浮选工艺回收硫化矿,取得较好指标,获得铜精矿中C u品位23.13%,回收率95.21%;钼精矿中Mo品位43.49%,回收率81.93%.