用支持向量机进行中文地名识别的研究

用支持向量机（SVM）方法对中文地名的自动识别进行了探讨，对于舍特征词的地名和非地名用支持向量机进行分类：结合中文地名的特点，抽取地名构词可信度及其前后词的词性作为特征向量的属性，建立了一定规模的训练集，并通过对不同kernel函数的测试，得到了地名分类的机器学习模型．实验表明，对于切分正确的地名，本方法具有良好的效果．     

一种基于Lucene的地名数据库快速检索系统*

针对传统关系型数据库海量地名数据检索效率低下的问题,提出了一种盘古分词和Lucene全文检索相结合的地名数据库快速检索方法。首先,设计了一种地名数据表结构,比较了几种常用开源分词器的中文分词性能,并选用性能优异的盘古中文分词器,通过扩展其词典来实现中文地名的有效分词。其次,利用内存索引和多线程并行处理技术提高Lucene创建倒排索引效率,并依据地名类别和显示优先级属性优化了检索结果相关度排序策略。最后,开发了一套具有快速搜索和地图定位展示的Web地名检索系统,使用500万条真实地名数据测试了其检索性能,查询平均耗时不到1秒,比MySQL数据库模糊检索效率提高了15倍,匹配结果也更加准确,能够提供高效灵活的海量地名公共检索服务。     

Self-organizing continuous attractor networks and path integration: two-dimensional models of place cells

Single-neuron recording studies have demonstrated the existence of neurons in the hippocampus which appear to encode information about the place where a rat is located, and about the place at which a macaque is looking. We describe 'continuous attractor' neural network models of place cells with Gaussian spatial fields in which the recurrent collateral synaptic connections between the neurons reflect the distance between two places. The networks maintain a localized packet of neuronal activity that represents the place where the animal is located. We show for two related models how the representation of the two-dimensional space in the continuous attractor network of place cells could self-organize by modifying the synaptic connections between the neurons, and also how the place being represented can be updated by idiothetic (self-motion) signals in a neural implementation of path integration.     

Experiences in a Modeling Laboratory: Didactic Exhibit curated by the Istituto Statale d’Arte di Monza in collaboration with the Liceo Artistico di Busto Arsizio

The model-building laboratory, more than just a place for building models, is a place of study, research, thought processes, and ideation; the place where the acquisition and transmission of knowledge constitutes a fundamental method for growth both for the students as well as the instructors; the place where disciplines are not always considered akin can meet and be compared. Architecture and mathematics come together in this exhibit for Nexus 2000 at the Museum of Architecture (MusArc) in Ferrara, Italy.     

基于计算器的小数位进制转换方法研究

数据在计算机中是以器件的物理状态来实现的,因此研究数据之间的进制转换非常重要。基于计算机器的小数位进制转换方法能够克服一般转换方法的繁琐,用计算器快速实现包含有小数部分的数据的进制之间的转换。     

基于激光测距AdaBoost分类的室内环境识别

移动机器人所处环境的地点语义信息能够提高机器人自主定位、路径规划和人机互动的能力.为了让机器人识别环境中不同地点类型,提出一种对机器人所处环境地点类型进行语义分类的方法.该方法对激光传感器的测距数据进行特征提取,通过提取的样本集利用强化学习AdaBoost方法构建分类器,对于环境中多类型地点分类识别,将获得的二分类器有顺序地排列建立分类列表形成多分类器,将获得的多分类器运用到房间、走廊和门口的分类识别中.实验结果表明:移动机器人通过该方法都能对环境下不同地点类型进行有效的分类识别.     

网格细胞到位置细胞的竞争型神经网络模型

针对老鼠海马结构中网格细胞到位置细胞的信息传递问题, 构建网格细胞到位置细胞的竞争型神经网络模型. 在一维和二维环境中的仿真结果均符合生物学研究事实, 结果表明, 模型能够模拟齿状回和海马中位置细胞的放电特性, 可有效解释位置细胞位置野的形成机理.

     

An Ageing‐in‐Place Service Innovation Model by Using TRIZ Methodology

Most of the research on the concept of “ageing‐in‐place” has focused on surveys of the needs of senior citizens and/or the quality of the services delivered to them. Service innovation for ageing‐in‐place has received little research attention, however. The present study addresses this issue by proposing a service innovation model for ageing‐in‐place. In this model, a TRIZ methodology is used to develop the parameter correspondence table, which integrates TRIZ contradiction parameters and ageing‐in‐place service‐quality determinants, to deal with service contradiction. A TRIZ contradiction matrix is then applied to generate inventive solutions for the innovation of the ageing‐in‐place service system. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model.     

Theta-modulated feedforward network generates rate and phase coded firing in the entorhino-hippocampal system

Principal cells of the hippocampus and of its only cortical input region, the entorhinal cortex exhibit place specific activity in the freely moving rat. While entorhinal cells have widely tuned place fields, hippocampal place fields are more localized and determine not only the rate but also the timing of place cell spikes. Several models have successfully attempted to explain this fine tuning making use of intrahippocampal attractor network dynamics provided by the recurrent collaterals of hippocampal area CA3. Recent experimental evidence shows that CA1 place cells preserve their tuning curves even in the absence of input from CA3. We propose a model in which entorhinal and hippocampal pyramidal cell populations are only connected via feedforward connections. Synaptic transmission in our system is gated by a class of interneurons inhibiting specifically the entorhino-hippocampal pathway. Theta rhythm modulates the activity of each component. Our results show that rhythmic shunting inhibition endows entorhinal cells with a novel type of temporal code conveyed by the phase jitter of individual spikes. This converts coarsely tuned place-specific activity in the entorhinal cortex to velocity-dependent postsynaptic excitation and, thus, provides hippocampal place cells with an input that has recently been proposed to account for their rate and phase coded firing. Hippocampal place fields are generated through this mechanism and also shown to be robust against variations in the level of tonic inhibition.     

VGI集成于中文数字地名词典的研究

提出将自发地理信息（VGI）集成到中文数字地名词典（CDG）的架构。在构建VGI数据爬取模型（VDCM）和地名本体的基础上, 针对从VGI数据中提取地名信息过程中出现的地名geo/geo歧义（多个地理位置对应同一地名）、地名与经纬度匹配错误、多个资源对应同一地名等问题提出相应的解决方案：使用上级行政区划名排歧、参考行政区划本体层次筛除错误地名标签、对同一地名的多个资源进行空间聚类获得唯一的经纬度, 并总结该架构能有效地解决CDG不支持空间推理、数据孤立以及数据维护、更新受限等问题, 提出未来的工作围绕修正错误的地名标签、构建信任模型及将VGI集成于分布式CDG展开。     

图像边缘检测技术在车库停车线识别上的应用

以Sobel边缘检测算子为基础,提取车位图像中的边缘像素,以优化封闭四边形算法结合Hough算法,实现车库停车线的快速自动识别。所采用的算法无需预设停车线的颜色,能有效收敛于实际停车线边缘,具有较强的抗干扰性能。     

Hierarchically self-organizing visual place memory

A hierarchically organized visual place memory enables a robot to associate with its respective knowledge efficiently. In this paper, we consider how this organization can be done by the robot on its own throughout its operation and introduce an approach that is based on the agglomerative method SLINK. The hierarchy is obtained from a single link cluster analysis that is carried out based on similarity in the appearance space. As such, the robot can incrementally incorporate the knowledge of places into its visual place memory over the long term. The resulting place memory has an order-invariant hierarchy that enables both storage and construction efficiency. Experimental results obtained under the guided operation of the robot demonstrate that the robot is able to organize its place knowledge and relate to it efficiently. This is followed by experimental results under autonomous operation in which the robot evolves its visual place memory completely on its own.     

基于Petri网结构特性的可达性求解

以Petri网关联矩阵为基础,根据状态方程将变迁向量解表达为T_不变量与方程特解的线性组合;当特解向量中不存在合法引发序列时,从该向量出发,以逆序的方式获取借库所,构建借库所链;利用借库所关联的变迁向量之间的借还逻辑和数目依次求解T_不变量的发生系数,得到一个较小的可达变迁向量。这种求解算法不仅可以实现目的可达的有效求解,还可以利用借库所链的中断对目的不可达进行直接快速的判断,避免后续不必要的相关工作;同时借库所的获取、T_不变量系数的分析计算都是分区块进行的,大大缩小了探索范围,也简化了计算操作;借库所链中种蕴含的变迁引发逻辑也可以启发方式帮助可达变迁向量快捷建立合法引发次序。     

Faceless students, virtual places: Emergence and communal accountability in online classrooms

A pedagogical problem growing out of virtual classrooms is the temptation to act without communal accountability, the reciprocal commitment among individuals to maintain the health of their interconnections. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a fully online composition class, I argue that teachers can encourage accountability within virtual sites by conceiving of the online classroom as an emergent phenomenon. The relationships and activities among language, physical reality, and interpretant provide the matrix out of which place organizes itself. This ecological orientation provides local and systemic strategies for fostering communal health. I begin my exploration of online place by describing the value of complex systems theory and emergence for conceptualizing place. Next, I describe the roles of language, physical reality, and interpretant, pointing out the contribution of each to the configuration of virtual place and to communal accountability. Then, I focus on the emergence of place, which reorganizes language, reality, and interpretant, opening up a new dimension to communal accountability.     

云计算环境下的一种高效的资源管理策略

近年,随着物联网相关研究工作的深入进行和新业务需求的日益增长,基于物联网技术的各种应用系统不断涌现。通常,人们希望智能物具有环境场所感知能力,因此提出一种基于物联网技术的场所感知应用系统。首先,围绕信息物品维、自主网络维、智能应用维3个维度构建该系统的体系结构,并分析了系统中主要实体间的关系;其次,讨论了体系结构中面向场所感知的专门部件的关键支撑技术及其发展方向,主要涉及环境物位姿传感、场所感知智能应用两个方面,其中,特别地给出一种物联网条件下可行的场所感知算法;最后,通过仿真实验验证了该系统的感知效果。     

Place Rank: Valuing Spatial Interactions

Accessibility measures the potential of opportunities for interaction. This paper proposes and explores a new flow-based measure, “place rank” using origin-destination information. Both impedance and value of opportunities are embedded in the dataset that includes the origin and destination of each person within the studied region. Individuals contribute to the place rank at their destination (work) zone with a power that depends on the attractiveness of the zone of origin. In this paper we demonstrate this place rank measure for three activities (Jobs, Resident Workers, and Health Services) in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan region and Jobs in Montréal, Canada. We compare place rank to traditional measures of accessibility. Since place rank is based on actual choices of origins and destinations it is a measure of realized rather than potential opportunities, and so unlike accessibility measures. Also it does not require the knowledge of travel time between all origins and destinations.     

On supervisory policies that enforce liveness in completelycontrolled Petri nets with directed cut-places and cut-transitions

The process of synthesizing a supervisory policy that enforces liveness in a Petri net (PN), where each transition can be prevented from firing by an external agent, can be computationally burdensome in general. We consider PNs that have a directed cut place or a cut-transition. A place (transition) in a connected PN is said to be a cut place (cut-transition) if its removal will result in two disconnected component PNs. A cut place is said to be a directed cut-place, if in the original PN, all arcs into this cut place emanate from transitions in only one of the two disconnected component PNs. The authors show there is a supervisory policy that enforces liveness in the original PN if and only if similar policies exist for two PNs derived from the disconnected components obtained after the removal of the directed cut-place (cut-transition). The utility of this observation in alleviating the computational burden of policy synthesis is illustrated via example     

Latent attractors: a model for context-dependent place representations in the hippocampus

Cells throughout the rodent hippocampal system show place-specific patterns of firing called place fields, creating a coarse-coded representation of location. The dependencies of this place code--or cognitive map--on sensory cues have been investigated extensively, and several computational models have been developed to explain them. However, place representations also exhibit strong dependence on spatial and behavioral context, and identical sensory environments can produce very different place codes in different situations. Several recent studies have proposed models for the computational basis of this phenomenon, but it is still not completely understood. In this article, we present a very simple connectionist model for producing context-dependent place representations in the hippocampus. We propose that context dependence arises in the dentate gyrus-hilus (DGH) system, which functions as a dynamic selector, disposing a small group of granule and pyramidal cells to fire in response to afferent stimulus while depressing the rest. It is hypothesized that the DGH system dynamics has "latent attractors," which are unmasked by the afferent input and channel system activity into subpopulations of cells in the DG, CA3, and other hippocampal regions as observed experimentally. The proposed model shows that a minimally structured hippocampus-like system can robustly produce context-dependent place codes with realistic attributes.     

Place niche and its regional variability: Measuring spatial context patterns for points of interest with representation learning

In the built environment, places such as retail outlets and public sites are embedded in the spatial context formed by neighboring places. We define the sets of these symbiotic places in the proximity of a focal place as the place's “place niche”, which conceptually represents the features of the local environment. While current literature has focused on pairwise spatial colocation patterns, we represent the niche as an integrated feature for each type of place, and quantify the niches' variation across cities. Here, with point of interest (POI) data as an approximation of places in cities, we propose representation learning models to explore place niche patterns. The models generate two main outputs: first, distributed representations for place niche by POI category (e.g. Restaurant, Museum, Park) in a latent vector space, where close vectors represent similar niches; and second, conditional probabilities of POI appearance of each place type in the proximity of a focal POI. With a case study using Yelp data in four U.S. cities, we reveal spatial context patterns and find that some POI categories have more unique surroundings than others. We also demonstrate that niche patterns are strong indicators of the function of POI categories in Phoenix and Las Vegas, but not in Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Moreover, we find that niche patterns of more commercialized categories tend to have less regional variation than others, and the city-level niche-pattern changes for POI categories are generally similar only between certain city pairs. By exploring patterns for place niche, we not only produce geographical knowledge for business location choice and urban policymaking, but also demonstrate the potential and limitations of using spatial context patterns for GIScience tasks such as information retrieval and place recommendation.     

PLISS: labeling places using online changepoint detection

A shared vocabulary between humans and robots for describing spatial concepts is essential for effective human robot interaction. Towards this goal, we present a novel technique for place categorization from visual cues called PLISS (Place Labeling through Image Sequence Segmentation). PLISS is different from existing place categorization systems in two major ways—it inherently works on video and image streams rather than single images, and it can detect “unknown” place labels, i.e. place categories that it does not know about. PLISS uses changepoint detection to temporally segment image sequences which are subsequently labeled. Changepoint detection and labeling are performed inside a systematic probabilistic framework. Unknown place labels are detected by using a probabilistic classifier and keeping track of its label uncertainty. We present experiments and comparisons on the large and extensive VPC dataset. We also demonstrate results using models learned from images downloaded from Google’s image search.