Preparation of ferromagnetic metal fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was used for the preparation of ferromagnetic metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers from the raw materials of citric acid, lactic acid and metal salts. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that spinnability of gel largely depends on molecular structure of metal-carboxylate complex that is a linear-type structure formed in the gel. As a result, the gels exhibit a good spinnability. Metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers are featured with diameters of around 1 μm and a high aspect ratio up to 1×106.     

Promoting sludge granulation by putting xonotlite into the UASB reactors during starting-up stage

Four reactors of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) were concurrently operated to examine the effects of the xonotlite secondary particles on promoting the sludge granulation during the starting-up stage at room temperature. The results show that the putting of the xonotlite secondary particles into the UASB reactors can increase the basicity of the reacting liquid significantly. The particles can act as the media for biomass accumulation. Thus, the granulation process of the sludge within the reactor can be largely promoted by the special performances of the particles both in physical and chemical aspects.     

胶溶相转移法制备超微细透明氧化铁颜料的研究

研究了胶体化学法制备超细透明氧化铁的工艺过程。即：先将亚铁盐氧化成高铁盐,再与碱反应生成氢氧化铁胶体沉淀,洗涤后用三氯化铁溶液胶溶得氢氧化铁水溶胶,加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠作胶凝处理,然后用有机溶剂进行萃取得有机溶胶,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂后,再在低于表面活性剂分解温度的温度下进行热处理,便得到对紫外线有优良吸收性能,对可见光具有透明性的超细透明氧化铁颜料。检测证明在低于２２０℃下热处理时,产品为无定形     

Preparation of Ultra-light Xonotlite Thermal Insulation Material Using Carbide Slag

Using carbide slag as the calcareous materials, xonotlite thermal insulation material was successfully prepared via dynamic hydrothermal synthesis. The experimental results show that the xonotlite thermal insulation material is made up of large numbers of chestnut bur shape particles. Optimum conditions of calcination temperature of carbide slag, synthesis reaction temperature and time, stirring rate, CaO/SiO2 mol ratio, water/solid weight ratio, amount of fiberglass, molding pressures, dryness temperatures...     

Preparation of ultra-light xonotlite thermal insulation material using carbide slag

Using carbide slag as the calcareous materials, xonotlite thermal insulation material was successfully prepared via dynamic hydrothermal synthesis. The experimental results show that the xonotlite thermal insulation material is made up of large numbers of “chestnut bur shape” particles. Optimum conditions of calcination temperature of carbide slag, synthesis reaction temperature and time, stirring rate, CaO/SiO₂ mol ratio, water/solid weight ratio, amount of fiberglass, molding pressures, dryness temperatures and the presence of dispersant (glycol and polyvinyl alcohol) favor the preparation of xonotlite thermal insulation material. The evaluation of xonotlite thermal insulation material reveals that the product is ultra-light and excellent in physical performances. Such a little amount of impurities in carbide slag has no effect on the phase, morphology, stability at high temperature and physical performances of products.     

Metal Fe, Ni and Fe-Ni Fine Fibers Derived from the Organic Gel-Thermal Reduction Process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was successfully used for the preparation of magnetic metal Ni, Fe, Fe-Ni fine fibers from raw materials of citric acid or lactic acid and metal salts. Ni, Fe and Fe-Ni fine fibers synthesized were featured with diameters of around 1 μm and lengths of as long as 2 m for Ni fibers, 0.5 m for iron fibers, 1 m for Fe-Ni fibers. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD,TG/DSC and SEM, respectively. The gel spinnability largely depends on molecular structures of metal-carboxylate complexes formed in the gel. It is reasoned that these gels consist of linear-type structural molecules [（C6H6O7）Ni]n or [（C6H5O7）2Ni3] for the nickel citrate gel, [（C3H5O3）3Fe] for the ferric lactate gel, [（C6H5O7）5（NiFe）3] for the iron-nickel citrate gel respectively and the gels obtain showed a good spinning performance.     

Sol-Gel Synthesis of Normal Spinel LiMn_2O_4 and Its Characteristics

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用稻壳合成氮化硅超微粉的最佳条件试验研究

对用稻壳合成氮化硅超微粉过程中的催化剂及其加入量、反应温度、氮化时间、气源流量、原料的粒度、原料中碳和二氧化硅的重量比、氮化炉中的压力等反应条件对氮化反应影响规律进行了试验研究，并找出了最佳的氮化反应条件．     

Preparation and characterization of stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles by ball-milling method

A stainless steel/10wt%TiC nanocomposite particles were prepared by high-energy ball-milling method using stainless steel, carbon and titanium as raw materials. The evolution of phase composition, microstructure and specific surface area of the stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles with increasing ball-milling time in the range of 0–100 h were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and BET techniques. The results showed that the stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles were fabricated when the ball-milling time was longer than 20 h. However, the nanocomposite particles were soldered and agglomerated again when the ball-milling time was longer than 60 h. The microstructure of the composite particles transformed from lamellar structure to nanostructure during the repeated process of the cold welding and cracking. TEM image reveals clearly that the in-situ TiC nanoparticles with grain size of 3–8 nm are in the interior of the stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite particles obtained by ball-milling 100 h. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2006ABA304)     

以聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸微球为模板制备CdS空心球壳

以苯乙烯 丙烯酸聚合物微球为模板 ,利用核 /壳法制备了不同粒径的CdS中空球壳。首次采用了酸性萃取剂二 ( 2 乙基己基 )磷酸 (P2 0 4 )的钠盐作为制备苯丙颗粒模板的乳化剂。当乳化剂的质量分数在 1 5 6 %～ 3 5 4 %范围内逐渐增大时 ,乳液粒子颗粒的直径在 30 0～ 1 2 0nm范围内逐渐减小 ,制得的CdS中空球壳粒径也相应在 40 0～ 1 5 0nm范围内减小。所制得的样品采用红外光谱法、X 射线衍射法和透射电镜法进行了表征     

静电纺制备二氧化硅纳米管及其形貌调控的研究

以无水乙醇为溶剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和正硅酸乙酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备纺丝前驱体,然后利用静电纺丝技术得到电纺纤维,再经煅烧处理后得到外径150 nm左右的二氧化硅纳米管。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究电纺纤维和二氧化硅纳米管的形貌,利用傅里叶转换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X-射线多晶粉末衍射仪（XRD）证明二氧化硅纳米管的形成。结果显示：当纺丝参数分别为电压10 kV、流速1．5mL/h、接收距离14cm,原料配方为：聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1．5g、无水乙醇16mL、正硅酸乙酯3．2mL时,获得的电纺纤维和二氧化硅纳米管均具有良好的形貌。     

A composite thermal insulator based on xonotlite and perlite

A low cost thermal insulating material can be produced by compounding an active xonotlite slurry, fired-perlite, HOMOPAN fibers and glass fibers. The maximum service temperature of the product is 800C; linear shrinkage after 800℃×16 h firing is0.9%; the cold crushing strength is 1.56 MPa; the flexural strength at ambient temperature is 0.81 MPa; the thermal conductivity atambient temperature (25℃) is 0.056 and 0.128 W/(m·K) at 800℃. The production cost of such a composite is only 1/3 of that of thenormal xonotlite thermal insulators. It can substitute the normal xonotlite thermal insulators on most occasions with a similar cost to that of normal perlite products.     

利用城市垃圾制作人行道路面砖的实验研究

研究了以城市垃圾、氯氧镁水泥为主要原料制作人行道路面砖等问题 .探讨了路面砖的生产工艺 ,通过改变城市垃圾掺加量、氯化镁溶液浓度、氯氧镁水泥细度 ,研究了其对制品性能的影响 ,并用扫描电镜对制品表面及水化状况进行了分析 .     

一种硬质高岭岩剥片实验研究

以醋酸钾作为插层剂制备高岭石-醋酸钾复合体,高岭石层间距从0.714nm增大到1.42nm,夹层率为80%。利用复合体的结构不稳定性,进行功率超声剥片。讨论了在一定功率超声场中,浆液体积、浆液浓度和超声时间对剥片作用的影响。实验结果表明:在输入功率为150W、变幅杆断面直径100mm、超声频率为18kHz的条件下,浆液体积为200mL、浆液浓度为10%、超声时间为15min时超声剥片的效果最佳。声空化作用产生的冲击波、质点产生的巨大加速度是引起高岭石-醋酸钾插层复合体顺层剥离的根本原因。在声空化作用下,浆液中高岭石颗粒间的高速碰撞使其颗粒进一步变细。     

碳纳米纤维／镍管复合材料的制备

采用化学镀法在化学纤维布表面覆盖均匀镍层,通过热处理去除基体后获得中空镍纤维管;将其置于化学气相沉积装置中,通过调整合适的氢气和甲烷流量比及气压条件制备了以中空微米镍纤维管为主体结构、碳纳米纤维（CNF）以及金属管体结构为存储介质的碳纳米纤维／镍管复合纤维材料．运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析中空镍纤维及复合纤维管表面形貌,x射线衍射（XRD）对复合纤维管晶相组成进行表征．结果表明,利用模版法制备出的中空镍纤维管孔径在10μm左右,管壁厚约0．5μm;化学气相沉积制备过程中,当微波功率500W,氢气和甲烷流量比100：6,气压4．0kPa,沉积时间5min时,复合纤维管外壁和端口内壁均匀沉积长径比较大且直径均匀分布的碳纳米纤维,碳纤维直径约50nm;复合纤维成分为碳纳米纤维、镍和三镍化磷合金相,其中碳纳米纤维表现为石墨相．表面覆盖有碳纳米纤维的镍管复合材料,增加了材料自身的吸附存储和导电性能,可应用于多相催化、电容存储和电极材料等领域．     

电池级超微细磷酸铁的制备

为了探索一种低成本的磷酸铁合成工艺,以硫酸亚铁为原料,经过硫酸亚铁氧化、碱式磷酸铁沉淀、碱式磷酸铁转化制备出电池级超微细磷酸铁.研究了硫酸亚铁氧化、碱式磷酸铁沉淀、碱式磷酸铁转化反应过程中反应温度、加料时间、磷酸浓度等因素对磷酸铁产品质量的影响.通过试验得到了合成磷酸铁的最佳工艺条件：氧化反应过氧化氢加料量为标准量的120%,加料时间50min,沉淀反应温度40℃;磷酸铵加料时间40min,转化反应温度90℃,磷酸浓度0.5mol/L.在此最佳工艺条件下制备出了平均粒径小于3.0μm的电池级超微细磷酸铁,元素分析表明产品中金属杂质含量均小于0.005%,硫含量小于0.022%,且磷铁比为1.01,产品磷酸铁纯度较高.X射线衍射分析结果表明未经高温处理的产品是一种无定形微细颗粒,而经过600℃高温煅烧后的产品结晶度高,晶型完美.     

硬硅钙石型硅钙材料的研究与应用

在窑炉、高温管道保温材料中，硬硅钙石型硅钙材料具有最佳性能价格比。作采用活化工艺、使其容重降低，强度提高，耐性显增长，中对其材料，配比，工艺参数优化实验作了介绍，比较了中试产品与传统中试产品的性能。结合扫描电镜和Ｘ射线衍射分析结果对其优化机理了探讨。     

制备方法对Ru-Zn/SiO_2催化苯选择加氢制环己烯的影响

采用浸渍沉积法(I)和微乳液法(M)分别制备得到了具有相同组成的Ru-Zn/SiO_2催化剂,利用程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和N2等温吸附脱附技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在Ru-Zn/SiO_2-I催化剂中,Ru颗粒高度分散,平均粒径~3nm;而在Ru-Zn/SiO_2-M催化剂中,除高度分散的小尺寸Ru颗粒外,还存在一种直径约20~30nm,长度约100~200nm的棒状颗粒.通过苯选择加氢制环己烯反应对两种催化剂进行了评价,发现Ru-Zn/SiO_2-I活性低于Ru-Zn/SiO_2-M,但选择性却较高.认为这是由于Ru-Zn/SiO_2-I中形成了一种壳核包覆结构的Zn/Ru颗粒,Zn壳的存在使得Ru-Zn/SiO_2-I催化苯加氢反应活性较差,但反应中生成的环己烯不易发生深度加氢,因而选择性较高.     

Effect of nano-size nickel particles on wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of ultrafine ceramic coating

1　INTRODUCTIONImprovementsinaerogasturbineengineandartilleryrecoilabsorberperformanceintermsofpower ,efficiencyandmassnecessitatetheuseofhighspecific strengthandlow densitymaterials,whichresultsinthedevelopmentofawiderangeoftitaniumalloysinthecompressorsectionof modern gasturbinesandartilleryrecoilabsorber .Titaniumalloys,ingeneral,easilyabsorboxygen ,leadingtooxidationandalphaphaseformationwhenexposedtohightemperature ( >5 0 0℃ )inair,whichlimitsthehightemperaturecapabilityofalloysdueto…     

纳米碳纤维薄膜的制备及其疏水性能

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法,以乙炔(C2H2)为碳源,直接于铜基板上生长碳纤维薄膜。铜基板只进行简单的打磨处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的形貌、结构进行了表征,并用接触角测量仪(CA)对制备的碳纤维薄膜进行疏水性测试。结果表明:在铜基板表面制备了一层直径为100～200nm,厚度为40～50μm的碳纤维薄膜。疏水测试结果显示,这种薄膜有较好的疏水性能,且随纳米碳纤维合成温度变化而变化。经多次试验表明,铜片具有良好的循环使用性能,可多次用于制备碳纤维薄膜。