狭缝中流动沸腾传热过冷沸腾起始点的实验研究

以间隙为1．0mm和1．5mm的环形狭缝通道中流动沸腾传热的实验数据为基础，分析了影响过冷沸腾起始点热负荷的主要因素，给出了计算环形狭缝通道中流动沸腾传热过冷沸腾起始点的经验关联式，并将计算结果与实验值进行了比较。该关联式可以用来预测实验范围内的过冷沸腾起始点的热负荷。     

高强化柴油机缸盖水腔过冷沸腾数值模型研究

建立了以VOF(volume of fluid)两相流模型为基础的过冷沸腾传热模型,总传热量分为强制对流传热和泡核沸腾传热两部分。采用UDF方法(user-define function)将过冷流动沸腾中的蒸发和冷凝过程嵌入到FLUENT仿真软件中。T型管传热试验结果表明:在高壁面过热度下,模型的计算误差在5%以内。某实际缸盖的应用结果表明:模型仿真结果与试验值之间有较好的一致性,对缸盖火力面八个关键点温度的预测平均误差仅为1.23%。与单相流模型对比结果表明:若只考虑强制对流传热,则会高估缸盖火力面和水腔内壁最高温度(本算例分别高估26K和33K),这直接影响对高强化柴油机缸盖热负荷安全性的评估。     

缸盖冷却水的沸腾传热模型

针对缸盖水腔内的冷却水流动沸腾传热计算,本文介绍了两种沸腾传热模型。模型认为流动沸腾总传热量等于泡核沸腾和单相流对流传热之和,介绍了常用的Chen模型,然后介绍了一种基于加权叠加方法基础上的。计算过冷流动沸腾传热的新模型Franz模型。     

发动机冷却水腔内沸腾传热的模拟研究

从单相流观点出发研究了两种计算过冷流动沸腾传热的思路:分区描述法和叠加计算法.提出了两个基于分区描述法的沸腾模型A和沸腾模型B;修正了基于叠加计算法的Chen沸腾模型和BDL沸腾模型中对流传热项的计算方法.利用这些沸腾模型进行了缸盖鼻梁区冷却水腔沸腾传热的数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:采用分区描述法和叠加计算法进行发动机冷却水腔内过冷流动沸腾传热计算均是可行且有效的方法;采用沸腾模型A和修正的BDL模型的预测精度比另两个沸腾模型要高;提高流速和过冷度均能强化沸腾传热的能力,提高压力后则在更高的壁面温度下才出现沸腾传热.     

矩形通道内过冷流动沸腾传热特性试验研究

以高强化发动机缸盖材料蠕铁作为加热块材料,在矩形通道内开展了接近发动机冷却系统的不同流动工况下过冷沸腾传热特性的试验研究。流动工况取发动机常用范围:压力为0.10~0.25MPa,主流温度为60~95℃,流速为0.347~6m/s。研究结果表明:提高冷却液流速可以强化壁面对流换热强度,但是存在沸腾换热的低流速工况同样能够达到高流速工况下换热效果,系统压力和主流温度都会影响冷却液过冷度,进而影响沸腾传热效果。可视化结果表明:气泡直径增大、生长频率升高及气泡之间相互作用都会使气泡对边界层流体扰动增强,从而提高传热效率。在压力为0.2MPa、主流温度为95℃、流速为1m/s工况下,在壁温达到170℃以上时沸腾开始出现,在壁温达到210℃时,沸腾传热效率比单相对流换热提高了40%以上。     

缸盖冷却水的单相流沸腾模型

针对缸盖水腔内的冷却水流动沸腾传热计算,本文介绍了两种单相流沸腾模型。模型认为流动沸腾总传热量等于泡核沸腾和单相对流传热之和,其中泡核沸腾传热计算采用修正后的容积沸腾传热计算公式。BDL模型在Chen模型的基础上作了改进,考虑了冷却水局部流动参数及饱和状态的影响,适用于局部流动传热计算。     

缸盖冷却水的单相流沸腾模型

针对缸盖水腔内的冷却水流动沸腾传热计算,本文介绍了两种单相流沸腾模型.模型认为流动沸腾总传热量等于泡核沸腾和单相对流传热之和,其中泡核沸腾传热计算采用修正后的容积沸腾传热计算公式.BDL模型在Chen模型的基础上作了改进,考虑了冷却水局部流动参数及饱和状态的影响,适用于局部流动传热计算.     

竖直矩形窄通道内流动沸腾局部换热特性实验研究

为了明确竖直矩形窄通道内各阶段流动沸腾的换热特性,优化换热器性能,以去离子水为工质,对尺寸为720 mm×250 mm×3.5 mm的单面电加热竖直矩形窄通道内的流动沸腾换热进行实验研究,分析了质流密度、进口温度、热流密度对流动沸腾局部换热特性的影响。并在已有流动沸腾传热关联式的基础上,对实验数据进行非线性回归分析,得到适用于实验工况下的新流动沸腾传热关联式。结果表明：质流密度增大对流动沸腾段换热特性有强化作用,对核态沸腾段换热特性有削弱作用;热流密度对核态沸腾影响剧烈,但对流动沸腾的影响不明显;入口温度越高,流体会越早进入过冷沸腾阶段,但对局部传热系数的影响不明显;新流动沸腾传热关联式与实验值的平均相对误差为23.87%,其中74.19%的预测值在±25%内,83.87%的预测值在±50%以内,能很好地预测本实验工况下矩形窄通道内流动沸腾的局部传热系数。     

内燃机鼻梁区内过冷沸腾两相流研究

为定量研究发动机冷却水腔内的过冷沸腾传热,以模拟通道内过冷沸腾试验为基础,采用欧拉多相流模型,确定了欧拉多相流模型的选用,将壁面温度分别取400K、400K、400K,得出最优沸腾模型适用范围;对比欧拉多相流模型、Mixture模型及单相流模型的计算精度,证实欧拉多相流具有更高计算精度,在绝大部分工况范围与试验数据对比误差低于10%,局部区域误差低于3%;证明湍流离散力在强迫对流过冷沸腾模拟中不可忽略。     

带定位格架的5×5棒束通道内过冷沸腾流动传热数值研究

基于流体体积函数(VOF)两相流模型,通过在控制方程中加入适当的质量源项和能量源项,建立了过冷沸腾模型,利用该模型对5×5定位格架棒束通道内的过冷沸腾现象进行数值模拟,研究了有无过冷沸腾现象2种工况下的传热特性以及入口速度、入口过冷度等因素对燃料组件内传热特性的影响。结果表明:有过冷沸腾现象时流体的传热效果优于无过冷沸腾现象,在有过冷沸腾现象时,总体上通道内传热系数与入口速度呈正相关,与入口过冷度呈负相关;在局部区域,相变传热占据主导因素,过冷沸腾程度越强,流体的传热效果越好。     

Experimental study on convective boiling heat transfer in vertical narrow-gap annular tube

IntroductionConvechve boiling or highly subcooled single-Phaseforced convention in micro-channels is an effeCtivecooling meChedsm with a wide ~ge of aPPlications.Among these are the COOling of such diverse system as. accelerator abets, high power resistive magnets,compact fission ~ cores, fusion ~ blankets,advanced space thermal management systems,manufachang and materials Processing OPerations, andhigh-density multi~chip modules in supe~ andOther modular eleCtronics. These devices involv…     

Numerical modelling of boiling heat transfer in microchannels

In this paper we report the results of our modelling studies on two-phase forced convection in microchannels using water as the fluid medium. The study incorporates the effects of fluid flow rate, power input and channel geometry on the flow resistance and heat transfer from these microchannels. Two separate numerical models have been developed assuming homogeneous and annular flow boiling. Traditional assumptions like negligible single-phase pressure drop or fixed inlet pressure have been relaxed in the models making analysis more complex. The governing equations have been solved from the grass-root level to predict the boiling front, pressure drop and thermal resistance as functions of exit pressure and heat input. The results of both the models are compared to each other and with available experimental data. It is seen that the annular flow model typically predicts higher pressure drop compared to the homogeneous model. Finally, the model has also been extended to study the effects of non-uniform heat input along the flow direction. The results show that the non-uniform power map can have a very strong effect on the overall fluid dynamics and heat transfer.     

Conjugate heat transfer measurements with single-phase and water flow boiling in a single-side heated monoblock flow channel

Optimized and robust designs of one-side heated plasma-facing components and other heat flux removal components are dependent on conjugate heat transfer. In the present case, the conjugate heat transfer involved measuring the local distributions of the inside wall temperature and heat flux in a single-side heated monoblock flow channel with: (1) peripheral (radial and circumferential) heat transfer; and, (2) coupled internal turbulent, forced convective single-phase flow and flow boiling. For the first time, multi-dimensional boiling curves have been measured for a single-side heated monoblock flow channel. Using a thermal hydraulic diameter as the characteristic dimension in select correlations for the highest mass velocity (3.2 Mg/m² s), good agreement was obtained. At lower mass velocities, only the single-phase correlations agreed better with the data for the averaged net incident heat flux vs the inside channel wall temperature. Hence, additional correlation development and adaptation are needed for single-side heated monoblocks with peripheral heat transfer.     

窄缝环形流道内流动传热特性的实验研究

对竖直及水平窄缝环形流道内单相水受迫对流换热进行了实验研究。详细介绍了实验装置和方法。实验结果表明:窄缝环形流道内流动换热的Nu数与普通圆管内公式计算值不同,不能采用传统的圆管内的对流换热模型来计算。窄缝环形流道进行对流换热时,从层流向紊流过渡较普通圆管明显提前。分析了测壁温与分离系数法之间的差别,应用修正的Dittus Boelter公式所计算的窄缝环形流道内的Nu数与实验数据吻合较好。图6参9     

Mixed Convective Heat Transfer Due to Forced and Thermocapillary Flow Around Bubbles in a Miniature Channel: A 2D Numerical Study

Marangoni thermocapillary convection and its contribution to heat transfer during boiling has been the subject of some debate in the literature. Currently, for certain conditions, such as microgravity boiling, it has been shown that Marangoni thermocapillary convection has a significant contribution to heat transfer. Typically, this phenomenon is investigated for the idealized case of an isolated and stationary bubble resting on a heated surface, which is immersed in a semi-infinite quiescent fluid or within a two-dimensional cavity. However, little information is available with regard to Marangoni heat transfer in miniature confined channels in the presence of a cross flow. As a result, this article presents a two-dimensional (2D) numerical study that investigates the influence of steady thermal Marangoni convection on the fluid dynamics and heat transfer around a bubble during laminar flow of water in a miniature channel with the view of developing a refined understanding of boiling heat transfer for such a configuration. This mixed convection problem is investigated under microgravity conditions for channel Reynolds numbers in the range of 0 to 500 at liquid inlet velocities between 0.01 m/s and 0.0 5m/s and Marangoni numbers in the range of 0 to 17,114. It is concluded that thermocapillary flow may have a significant impact on heat transfer enhancement. The simulations predict an average increase of 35% in heat flux at the downstream region of the bubble, while an average 60% increase is obtained at the front region of the bubble where mixed convective heat transfer takes place due to forced and thermocapillary flow.     

Fundamental Issues Related to Flow Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Patterns in Microchannels – Experimental Challenges and Opportunities

ABSTRACT

Flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels is used today in many diverse applications. The previous studies addressing the effect of channel size, heat flux, vapor quality, and mass flux on heat transfer during flow boiling are reviewed in the present paper. The relationship between flow characteristics and flow boiling heat transfer was studied experimentally for refrigerant R-C318 at moderate reduced pressures where the contribution of nucleate boiling is decisive. Flow boiling mechanisms were identified using an annular microchannel with transparent outer wall for successive visualization of boiling. The considerable suppression of nucleate boiling heat transfer was observed at transition to annular flow and explained by formation of a liquid flow with thin film and dry spots. A general equation for prediction of two-phase flow boiling heat transfer inside the circular, annular, and rectangular microchannels is proposed and verified using the experimental data. This equation accounts for the nucleate boiling suppression, forced convection, and thin film evaporative heat transfer in the form that allows to distinguish more clearly the contribution of each mechanism of heat transfer under the conditions, when it is predominant. A new approach for prediction of transition to the annular flow is proposed and verified, using the experimental data.     

New theoretical models of evaporation heat transfer in horizontal microfin tubes

A stratified flow model and an annular flow model of evaporation heat transfer in horizontal microfin tubes have been proposed. In the stratified flow model, the contributions of thin film evaporation and nucleate boiling in the groove above the stratified liquid level were predicted by a previously reported numerical analysis and a newly developed correlation, respectively. The contributions of nucleate boiling and forced convection in the stratified liquid region were predicted by the new correlation and the Carnavos correlation, respectively. In the annular flow model, the contributions of nucleate boiling and forced convection were predicted by the new correlation and the Carnavos correlation in which the equivalent Reynolds number was introduced, respectively. The flow pattern transition curve between the stratified-wavy flow and the annular flow proposed by Kattan et al. was introduced to predict the heat transfer coefficient in the intermediate region by use of the two theoretical models. The predictions of the heat transfer coefficient compared well with available experimental data for ten tubes and four refrigerants.     

振动激励下的封闭通道流动传热特性实验研究

为了对振动激励下的自然对流换热规律进行深入的理论与试验分析,搭建电动振动传热试验平台与并行式数据采集系统,测量封闭通道在不同振动激励下的温度瞬态变化特性。研究发现:随着受迫振动频率的增加,振动激励可以将自然对流强化为混合对流;当频率超过50 Hz时,自然对流的影响可以忽略。但是由于受迫振动下的流动状态依然为层流,因而对于自然对流的最大强化程度约在100%。另外,通过对混合对流状态的理论分析,得到由于受迫振动引起的封闭换热通道内部强制对流换热试验关联式。