膦酸化水解聚马来酸酐(PHPMA)的缓蚀阻垢性能研究

合成了有机膦酸型水质稳定剂膦酸化水解聚马来酸酐（PHPMA），并主要研究了在不同药剂浓度，预膜，不同钙硬度条件下的缓蚀阻垢性能。在阻垢性能方面与具有优异阻垢性能的水解聚马来酸酐（HPMA）进行对照。结果表明，其阻垢性能优于HPMA，并且PHPMA具有HPMA所不具备的缓蚀性能。     

高酯化率MPEGAA大单体的合成

采用丙烯酸（从）和聚乙二醇单甲醚（MPEG）为主要反应原料,通过逐步滴加带水剂甲苯的方法,研究其主要反应条件对酯化率的影响。在温度为90℃的条件下,制备的聚羧酸减水剂的活性大单体聚乙二醇单甲醚丙烯酸酯（MPEGAA）酯化率高达99．6％,双键保留率高达91．5％。测试了应用该大单体所合成的聚羧酸减水剂与几种水泥的适应性和分散保持性。     

不同减水剂及其复掺对碱矿渣水泥性能的影响

选用萘系高效减水剂（萘系）、木质素磺酸钙（木钙）、葡萄糖酸钠、砂浆塑化剂、C18H29SO3Na、C15H34ClN,测试其对碱矿渣水泥砂浆性能的影响。结果表明：木钙和萘系均对碱矿渣水泥砂浆有一定的塑化作用,且前者比后者的效果明显;萘系与引气剂复掺较单掺萘系对碱矿渣水泥砂浆的塑化作用明显;木钙与萘系复掺,较单掺一种减水剂对碱矿渣水泥砂浆的塑化作用效果明显;在相同用水量情况下,木钙可提高碱矿渣水泥砂浆的强度,而萘系会降低碱矿渣砂浆的强度。木钙对碱矿渣水泥的凝结时间影响较大,掺木钙的碱矿渣水泥流动度经时损失较小。     

聚丙烯酸酯乳液改性砂浆微观结构与改性机理

为了研究聚丙烯酸酯乳液（PA）改性砂浆硬化过程中微观结构的形成过程及改性机理,分析PA聚合物乳液在新拌水泥砂浆中的吸附特性,并模拟孔隙溶液和PA乳液之间相互作用.同时采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDX）法表征了PA改性砂浆微观结构的演化过程.试验结果表明,PA颗粒将与孔隙溶液中的钙离子发生化学反应,PA聚合物将以不同的形态吸附在水泥砂浆的局部部位.在此基础上,考虑PA聚合物改性乳液与水泥基材料的反应,提出一种改进的聚合物改性与微观结构形成模型.这对研究聚合物改性水泥基材料的力学性能与推广聚合物改性水泥基材料在工程中的应用具有重要意义.     

负压成型水泥基材料孔结构特征

为了研究低气压环境对水泥基材料引气性能的影响,采用负压模拟试验的方法,在不同的气压下测试引气剂溶液的发泡性能和气泡稳定性、引气水泥净浆的孔结构以及引气水泥砂浆的气孔结构。水泥净浆与水泥砂浆的试验样品均在设计气压下搅拌成型直至终凝硬化。试验结果表明:FC-1和FC-2两种新型引气剂溶液的泡沫相较三萜皂苷类引气剂（SJ-2）溶液的泡沫具有更强的低气压环境适应性,但该溶液试验的规律不完全适用于水泥基材料;低气压成型会增加硬化水泥净浆的孔隙率及半径为100~1 000 nm孔的体积,但在采用优质引气剂的前提下低气压基本不会对水泥砂浆的含气量和气孔结构产生劣化作用。SJ-2、FC-1和FC-2 三种引气剂均能满足高原低气压环境下抗冻混凝土的引气要求,其中FC-1与FC-2在气孔结构优化与含气量控制方面更具优势。     

RAFT法制备pH敏感两亲性嵌段聚合物

利用酰胺化反应,合成pH敏感性．单体甲基丙烯酸二异丙胺基乙酯（DPA）和亲水性单体N-（2－羟丙基）甲基丙烯酰胺（HPMA）,并通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合（RAFT）制备pH敏感两亲性二嵌段聚合物。结果显示：该聚合物在水溶液和生理盐水中具有较好的pH敏感性能,并能在一定pH范围内的溶液中形成稳定的胶束,有望作为治疗肿瘤的药物载体。     

渗透结晶型涂料对砂浆性能的影响及其机理研究

研究了渗透结晶型防水涂料对水泥砂浆试件的力学性能、抗渗性能以及微观结构的影响,并探讨了渗透结晶型防水涂料的反应机理,结果表明渗透结晶型防水涂料的涂层确实可以通过活性离子传输引发渗透结晶反应,达到堵塞水泥砂浆内部孔隙,增强水泥混凝土性能的目的.     

多糖类原油破乳剂的合成及其破乳性能

在75℃及碳酸钾、碘化钾催化条件下,以相对分子量大、活泼氢多的甲基纤维素为主链,将聚乙二醇单甲醚（MPEG）接枝到主链上,形成具有梳型结构和超高分子量的环境友好的新型多糖类原油破乳剂.在梳型多糖类破乳剂合成过程中,选取4种不同分子量的MPEG（350,750,1 000,1 900）,对甲基纤维素进行改性,从而合成梳型改性多糖破乳剂.通过红外光谱和核磁共振波氢谱进行结构分析,并用瓶试法测试破乳脱水性能,考察MPEG的分子量对破乳效果的影响.结果表明MPEG改性的甲基纤维素（MC-O-MPEG）具有很强的破乳性能,MC-O-MPEG（1900）的破乳性能最好,脱水率达到95.3％,脱水界面齐整,水层成浅白色.     

水解聚马来酸酐的阻垢分散性能

静态阻垢法研究了水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)的阻垢性能,失重法研究了HPMA的分散性能,采用正交组合实验考查了几个主要因素对HPMA的阻垢性能和分散性能的影响.结果表明:HPMA的加入量为8.0mg.L-1时有最佳阻垢效果,阻垢率为68.7%;HPMA的浓度为10.0mg.L-1时,其平均分散性能达到6.30×10-2mg.cm-2h-1,加入渗透剂T后效果更好,在渗透剂T为1.0mg.L-1时,平均分散能力达到了6.56×10-2mg.cm-2h-1.     

船闸用纤维混凝土耐撞磨性能与机理分析

采用掺I级粉煤灰、PVA纤维和聚羧酸类超塑化剂的"三掺技术"配制了船闸闸室墙耐撞磨高性能混凝土,研究了水泥品种、粉煤灰掺量和有机纤维对混凝土耐撞磨性能的影响规律.结果表明:掺PVA纤维可明显改善混凝土的耐撞磨性能和抗冲击性能;采用的船闸工程混凝土耐撞磨性能试验方法用于混凝土耐撞磨性能的测定和评价是可行的.     

乳化沥青冷再生混合料中的复合胶浆性质

对乳化沥青冷再生混合料中的三种胶浆系统进行了研究,包括沥青+矿粉、乳化沥青残留物+矿粉和乳化沥青残留物+水泥。结果表明,因为水泥水化作用的存在,水泥⁃乳化沥青残留物胶浆表现出更高的模量增率效果;模量和相位角变化呈现与普通矿粉⁃沥青胶浆和矿粉⁃乳化沥青胶浆不同的特点,且不随粉胶比呈现线性单调的变化;胶浆界面黏结力与矿粉⁃沥青胶浆相当,并在低粉胶比范围内远高于单独利用矿粉的乳化沥青残留物胶浆。     

高活性稻壳灰的制备及其对水泥性能的影响

通过研究煅烧制度对稻壳灰火山灰活性的影响 ,提出了一种有效制备高活性稻壳灰的方法。采用这种方法 ,可以稳定地实现半工业化生产 Si O2 含量大于 90 %且主要为非晶态的白色多孔状稻壳灰 ,其火山灰活性很高。在稻壳灰的粉磨过程中 ,必须加入助磨剂 ,否则细颗粒的二次团聚会使稻壳灰的活性降低。在水泥中掺入不同比例的稻壳灰 ,可以大幅度地提高水泥胶砂强度 ,而且水胶比越大 ,强度提高率越大。     

偏高岭土改善混凝土体积稳定性的实验研究

对以偏高岭土为主要掺合料的砂浆体积稳定性进行了分析,并结合混凝土耐久性原理进行了水泥胶砂的干缩试验来评定混凝土的干缩性能,研究不同掺合料配比下对水泥砂浆试件的膨胀的影响,从而确定了以偏高岭土为主要掺合料改善砂浆体积性能的效用,为混凝土开裂研究提供了依据.     

Grinding Properties of Abandoned Concrete

The grinding properties of abandoned concrete, which consists primarily of hardened cement, limestone aggregate and river sand, are studied. Theoretical models of grinding are used to explain the experimental observation. The results show that 1） The principle disintegration mechanism of hardened cement and river sand is volumetric grinding, although at later stages grinding of cement becomes difficult because of its flaked structure; 2） The limestone grinding process can be divided into two steps. First, volumetric grinding, with an obvious component of surface grinding, followed by primarily surface grinding as the micro-particle content increases; 3） Initially, the principle mechanism of grinding limestone and river sand is volumetric grinding, albeit less efficient grinding than if these components were ground separately, and; 4） After 10 to 20 min of grinding the grinding bottleneck phenomenon appears and after 20 min of grinding the content of micro-particles is large and surface grinding is the main mechanism while the particle size of the mixture is smaller than that of separately ground river sand and cement but bigger than that of separately ground limestone.     

超细粉煤灰与原灰在水泥砂浆中的水化特征对比研究

主要对比研究了粉煤灰原灰颗粒和超细粉磨后的粉煤灰颗粒在水泥砂浆中的水化过程,利用SEM对水化行为进行了微观观察,并结合砂浆试块3 d7、d、28d抗折、抗压强度.结果表明:粉煤灰的细度对试块的强度影响最大,尤其是后期对抗压强度,在相同掺量下,强度相差达2倍左右;粒径在5μm左右的粉煤灰颗粒在养护初期就已经开始水化,且水化速率较快,在28 d时水化程度已经很充分,粉煤灰原灰颗粒即使养护到28 d龄期时,水化程度仍然很低;掺入细灰的试体各个龄期的结构均比原灰的要致密,且钙矾石的生长更快.     

减水剂对高掺量粉煤灰砂浆性能的影响

研究了萘系高效减水剂（FDN）和木质素磺酸钙（LS）对高掺量粉煤灰砂浆性能的影响,测定了减水剂在胶凝颗粒表面的吸附、对水泥颗粒表面zeta电位等方面的影响。结果表明,和FDN相比,LS对砂浆的减水率较低,而对砂浆流动度保持能力较优;当掺量为0.4 wt%时,两者对砂浆稳定性的影响几乎一样。当掺量低于0.4 %时,LS的减水率和FDN接近是因为其具有较强的引气作用和FDN在胶凝颗粒表面吸附不完全;LS保持砂浆流动性能力较好是由于它的缓凝作用以及吸附LS的水泥颗粒表面zeta电位较稳定导致的。为了更好地将LS应用在高掺量粉煤灰砂浆中,可以从提高其减水率方面对其进行改性。     

Properties of Steel Slag and Stainless Steel Slag as Cement Replacement Materials: A Comparative Study

To enhance the understanding about the utilization of steel slags as a cementitious material, we comparatively studied the chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of two types of steel slag; basicoxygen-furnace carbon slag(BOF C) and electric-arc-furnace stainless steel slag(EAF S). Moreover, we studied the standard consistency, setting time and the effect of the slag replacement ratios on the fluidity and compressive strength of blended cement mortar. The experimental results showed that BOF C had higher alkalinity, higher pH value and more hydraulic phases than EAF S. Both types of slag showed water reduction effect due to its high fineness. Neat BOF C paste showed flash set and acceleration in the initial setting time of blended cement especially at high slag proportions. However, EAF S prolonged the setting time of blended cement even at low slag proportions. The pH values for blended cement contained 50% BOF C or EAF S were lower than those of pure cement paste. Despite of slag type, compressive strength gradually decreased with increasing slags content. The strength of BOF C mortar was higher than that of EAF S mortar with the same replacement ratio for the same age. Slag activity index demonstrated that BOF C and EAF S conformed to the Chinese National Standard(GB/T 20491-2006) requirements for steel slag as grade one and grade two, respectively.     

Effect of Sand Content on Strength and Pore Structure of Cement Mortar

The effects of four sand contents on the compressive, flexural and splitting-tensile strength of cement mortars were evaluated. Moreover, we experimentally investigated the pore structure of cement mortar brought about by changing the sand content and water/cement ratio. The changes in the pore structure were quantified by measuring the porosity and pore size distribution obtained by using mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) technique. The test results show that the strengths of cement mortar increase with increasing sand content. It is also suggested that the traditional water/cement ratio law can be applied to cement mortar with different sand contents, provided that a slight modification is introduced. Sand content is an important parameter influencing the pore structure of cement mortar. Moreover, there is a good relationship between the pore structure and strength of cement mortar.     

LQ2301型复合高效水泥助磨剂的开发及研制

在研究助磨剂作用机理的基础，实验中通过几种常用类型助磨剂的复配，研制出优化的LQ2301复合助磨剂，实验证明它能有效提高粉磨效率及经济效益．     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of CaSO_4 Whisker Reinforced Cement Mortar

Calcium sulfate whisker(CaSO_4 whiskers), a new type of microfiber material, was used in cement matrix to increase the strength of the cement based composites. Effect of CaSO_4 whiskers on the mechanical properties of the resulting cement mortar was also studied. The results showed that the flexural strength and compressive strength of the mortar specimen was improved as high as 28.3% and 8.5% by incorporating 5 wt% CaSO_4 whiskers. Also, the chemical composition and structural transformation of the hardened cement matrix with CaSO_4 whiskers were identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Conclusion can be drawn that CaSO_4 whiskers can effectively retard the formation and restrict the coalescence of micro-crack expansion. The interaction mechanism of CaSO_4 whisker on the reinforcement is mainly on three aspects: whisker pullout, crack deflection, and crack bridging. Mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) tests have confirmed that for 28 d cement mortar, the harmless pores increased from 9.33% to 10.62%, and the harmful pores decreased from 2.08% to 1.90%. Therefore, the whisker can optimize the pore size distribution of the resulting cement mortar.