一般抛物方程的区域分裂差分方法

对稳定性有影响的一阶项采用中心差分格式,内边界点和各子区域分别对应显隐格式。在一定的稳定性条件下,由最大值原理得出最优收敛结果。最后用数值算例验证方法的实用性。     

不可压缩可混溶驱动问题迎风区域分裂差分方法

结合区域分裂思想,本文给出了一维不可压缩可混溶驱动问题两种非重叠区域分裂迎风差分格式。由于饱和度的计算规模远大于压力方程,因此饱和度方程采用了迎风区域分裂差分法,内边界处和各子区域分别对应显隐格式。在稳定性条件下,给出了 l2 模误差估计,最后给出数值算例验证了理论结果。     

一种用阈值提取子空间的多步匹配场反演方法

在分析已有的匹配场反演方法的基础上,构造了一种用阈值提取子空间的多步匹配场反演方法。它根据一定反演环境下参数的不同敏感性将参数划分为子集（子空间）,并依次在各敏感子空间内反演。反演时用一定的阈值将目标函数优于阈值的参数区域提取出,最后在提取出的已相对缩减的区域和最后一个子空间（通常是不敏感参数子空间）内联合反演全部参数,求得最优值。这样既可减少反演参数空间又能可靠地保证精确度,避免了已有的子空间方法反演结果受非反演参数失配影响的问题。仿真研究结果表明,本算法比已有的两类算法性能上有明显提高。     

快速成型技术中分区自适应工艺调整算法研究

为解决激光快速成型技术在加工成形过程中,由于内部应力过大导致的翘曲变形甚至开裂的缺点,从控制加工路径的角度提出了分区自适应工艺调整算法,算法将整个模型分组加工,每一组的加工路径需要实时生成,生成依据是上一组已成形表面的分区域平均高度值,建立了子区域平均高度值与其对应区域的填充间距之间的自适应关系,最终使用C++语言编程实现了该算法,并进行了仿真模拟,根据各子区域平均高度值获得了相应的填充间距,验证了算法的正确性。     

一强非线性随机振荡系统的路径积分解

应用数值路径积分解法计算了一强非线性随机动力系统的响应统计。该数值路径积分法是基于隐式的高斯-勒让德插值程序,而且概率密度的值是在子区间内的高斯积分点上获得的。查阅文献显示这是首次单独应用这种路径积分法来处理强非线性随机振荡系统问题。     

一种改进的局部三值模式的人脸识别方法

为了更好的描述人脸特征,提出了一种基于不同尺度像素块及自适应阈值的局部三值(LTP)模式方法.该方法首先将图像分为若干个子区域,采用自适应阈值并基于不同尺度的像素块提取每个子区域的LTP纹理直方图,然后将得到的每个子区域的直方图连在一起并经过主成分分析(PCA)降维处理得到特征向量.在人脸数据库上进行的实验证明,应用该方法进行人脸特征提取并结合最近邻分类法得到了较高的识别率.     

垃圾分类内隐态度测量中GNAT测验适应性研究

公众垃圾分类态度对于其分类行为具有重要影响,内隐态度的测量虽在一定程度上弥补了传统外显态度测量的不足,但目前仍缺乏对测量范式合适性的进一步探究。本研究采用实验法操纵对比词类型和信号刺激类型,探究GNAT范式(Go/No Go Association Task,GNAT)测得的内隐垃圾分类态度是否受对比词的影响以及影响如何,在此基础上探索适应于垃圾分类内隐态度测量范式。结果发现,GNAT范式的测量结果会受对比词的影响,与对比词为正向词相比,负向词条件下的内隐垃圾分类态度的效应值更高,表明该范式测得的效应值大小依赖于对比词的类型。采用正向对比词的测量结果可使效应值更具说服力,同时,从研究结果的可比较性角度考虑,GNAT范式中采用中性,将更有利于效应值大小的比较。     

海冰热力模型的可变区域分解及动边界的处理

根据前人建立的一维海冰热力模式模型,利用区域分解法克服系统的非光滑性,使得在每一子区域上系统都充分光滑,并采用半隐式差分格式对该模式进行数值计算,还利用时变网格法处理动边界,最后将数值计算的数据与实测数据进行比较分析。     

显微视觉系统中自动聚焦技术的研究

在聚焦评价算法的研究中,本文首先对传统的离散余弦变换(DCT)算法和最小核值相似区(SUSAN)算法进行改进,然后结合改进后的DCT算法和SUSAN算法提出一种新的聚焦评价算法,该算法结合频域评价算法和空间域评价算法各自的优点,使聚焦曲线在单峰性,局部极值点和灵敏度等方面与传统算法相比有较大改善。在聚焦窗口的研究中,本文提出一种基于图像子块重要程度加权的聚焦窗口选择方法,该方法以总梯度变化率作为图像子块重要程度因子,将重要程度因子值小于阈值的图像子块视为背景子块,去除背景子块后剩下的部分为聚焦窗口。新的聚焦窗口选择方法能实现动态的区分目标区域与背景区域。     

用U形管检测板翅式换热器内漏的方法和评定标准

详细介绍了用U形管检测板翅式换热器内漏的具体操作方法,分析了漏率的计算和修正方法,最后阐述了板翅式换热器内部温度变化值及大气压力值的测量等相关问题。     

Fully automatic modelling of mixed-mode crack propagation using scaled boundary finite element method

The newly-developed scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is able to calculate stress intensity factors directly because the singularity in stress solutions at crack tips is analytically represented. By taking this advantage, a mixed-mode crack propagation model based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) was developed in this study. A domain is first divided into a few subdomains. Because the dimensions and shapes of subdomains can be flexibly varied and only the domain boundaries or common edges between subdomains are discretised in the SBFEM, a remeshing procedure as simple as in boundary element methods was developed with minimum mesh changes whereas the generality and flexibility of the FEM is well maintained. Fully-automatic modelling of mixed-mode crack propagation is then achieved by combining the remeshing procedure with a propagation criterion. Three mixed-mode examples were modelled. Comparisons of the numerical results with those from available publications show that the developed model is capable of predicting crack trajectories and load-displacement relations accurately and efficiently.     

A simplified approach for imposing the boundary conditions in the local boundary integral equation method

A simplified approach for imposing the boundary conditions in the local boundary integral equation (LBIE) method is presented. The proposed approach employs an integral equation derived using the fundamental solution and the Green’s second identity when the collocation node is at the boundary of the solution domain (global boundary). The subdomains for the nodes placed at the global boundary preserve their circular shapes; avoiding in this way any integration over the global boundary. Consequently, the difficulties related to evaluation of singular integrals and determination of intersection points between the global and local circular boundaries are avoided. So far, attempts to avoid these issues have focused on using schemes based on meshless approximations. The downside of such schemes is that the weak formulation is abandoned. In this study the interpolation of field variables over the boundaries of the subdomains is carried out using the radial basis function approximation. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach despite its simplicity, achieves comparable accuracy to the classical treatment of the boundary conditions in the LBIE.     

基于界面单元的子结构协调技术

该文提出一种用于协调子结构的界面单元方法。基于广义变分原理,将两子域的刚度与界面单元刚度组装成耦合结构的整体刚度矩阵,求解新的平衡方程即可得到各个耦合子域的位移。界面单元的意义是对子域引入边界力,并建立边界上平衡关系和位移协调关系。该文利用悬臂梁单轴受拉案例验证了界面单元方法的精确性。为了使得界面单元能够应用到子结构混合试验中,引入静力凝聚与BFGS方法,这样只需通过提取边界上的力与位移即可实现多子域不共节点的边界协调问题。该文最终以悬臂梁案例验证了界面单元在解决非线性静、动力加载工况下的正确性。     

Accuracy of a class of concurrent algorithms for transient finite element analysis

The accuracy of a new class of concurrent, procedures for transient finite element analysis is examined. A phase error analysis is carried out which shows that wave retardation leading to unacceptable loss of accuracy may occur if a Courant condition based on the dimensions of the subdomains is violated. Numerical tests suggest that this Courant condition is conservative for typical structural applications and may lead to a marked increase in accuracy as the number of subdomains is increased. Theoretical speed-up ratios are derived which suggest that the algorithms under consideration can be expected to exhibit a performance superior to that of globally implicit methods when implemented on parallel machines.     

Heat Conduction Analysis of 3-D Axisymmetric and Anisotropic FGM Bodies by Meshless Local Petrov–Galerkin Method

The meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method is used to analyze transient heat conduction in 3-D axisymmetric solids with continuously inhomogeneous and anisotropic material properties. A 3-D axisymmetric body is created by rotation of a cross section around an axis of symmetry. Axial symmetry of geometry and boundary conditions reduces the original 3-D boundary value problem into a 2-D problem. The cross section is covered by small circular subdomains surrounding nodes randomly spread over the analyzed domain. A unit step function is chosen as test function, in order to derive local integral equations on the boundaries of the chosen subdomains, called local boundary integral equations. These integral formulations are either based on the Laplace transform technique or the time difference approach. The local integral equations are nonsingular and take a very simple form, despite of inhomogeneous and anisotropic material behavior across the analyzed structure. Spatial variation of the temperature and heat flux (or of their Laplace transforms) at discrete time instants are approximated on the local boundary and in the interior of the subdomain by means of the moving least-squares method. The Stehfest algorithm is applied for the numerical Laplace inversion, in order to retrieve the time-dependent solutions.     

Overlapping Schwarz preconditioners for spectral element discretizations of convection‐diffusion problems

The classical overlapping Schwarz algorithm is here extended to stabilized spectral element discretizations of convection‐diffusion problems. The algorithm solves iteratively the resulting non‐symmetric system of linear equations by a preconditioned GMRES method. The preconditioner is built from local convection‐diffusion solvers on overlapping subdomains and from a coarse convection‐diffusion solver on a coarse mesh defined by the subdomain boundaries. Several numerical experiments on test problems in the plane indicate that this algorithm retains the fast convergence rate and optimal scalability properties of classical overlapping methods for diffusion dominated problems. Fast convergence is also obtained for convection dominated problems without closed streamlines and with a moderate number of subdomains. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On coupling of reproducing kernel particle method and boundary element method

In this paper a new coupling method to merge the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) and the boundary element method (BEM) is proposed. In this formulation, the whole problem domain will first be divided into two subdomains in which the RKPM and the BEM are applied respectively. A simple and direct coupling procedure is then applied to preserve the compatibility of the solution along the interface of the two subdomains. Unlike other coupling procedures suggested previously, the present coupling procedure neither requires modification of the RKPM and the BEM formulations nor the use of finite elements along the interface boundary between the two subdomains. The validity and efficiency of the coupling procedure are demonstrated by using it to solve five benchmark elastostatic stress analysis problems. In addition, a simple analysis of the a priori convergence rate of the coupling procedure is given. Preliminary assessment of the convergence characteristics of the coupling procedure is done by carrying out uniform refinements on the benchmark problems.     

Inverse heat conduction problems by meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method

The meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method is used to solve stationary and transient heat conduction inverse problems in 2-D and 3-D axisymmetric bodies. A 3-D axisymmetric body is generated by rotating a cross section around an axis of symmetry. Axial symmetry of geometry and boundary conditions reduce the original 3-D boundary value problem to a 2-D problem. The analyzed domain is covered by small circular subdomains surrounding nodes randomly spread over the analyzed domain. A unit step function is chosen as test function in deriving the local integral equations (LIEs) on the boundaries of the chosen subdomains. The time integration schemes are formulated based on the Laplace transform technique and the time difference approach, respectively. The local integral equations are non-singular and take a very simple form. Spatial variation of the temperature and heat flux (or of their Laplace transforms) at discrete time instants are approximated on the local boundary and in the interior of the subdomain by means of the moving least-squares (MLS) method. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to solve the ill-conditioned linear system of algebraic equations obtained from the LIE after MLS approximation. The Stehfest algorithm is applied for the numerical Laplace inversion, in order to retrieve the time-dependent solutions.     

Inverse fracture problems in piezoelectric solids by local integral equation method

The meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method is used to solve the inverse fracture problems in two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric body. Electrical boundary conditions on the crack surfaces are not specified due to unknown dielectric permittivity of the medium inside the crack. Both stationary and transient dynamic boundary conditions are considered here. The analyzed domain is covered by small circular subdomains surrounding nodes spread randomly over the analyzed domain. A unit step function is chosen as test function in deriving the local integral equations (LIE) on the boundaries of the chosen subdomains. The Laplace-transform technique is applied to eliminate the time variation in the governing equation. The local integral equations are nonsingular and take a very simple form. The spatial variation of the Laplace transforms of displacements and electrical potential are approximated on the local boundary and in the interior of the subdomain by means of the moving least-squares (MLS) method. The singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to solve the ill-conditioned linear system of algebraic equations obtained from the LIE after MLS approximation. The Stehfest algorithm is applied for the numerical Laplace inversion to retrieve the time-dependent solutions.