含Mo单晶镍基合金的高温蠕变及损伤行为

通过蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究含3%和5%(质量分数)Mo无Re单晶镍基合金的高温蠕变和损伤行为。结果表明:与3%Mo单晶合金相比,5%Mo无Re单晶合金具有较好的蠕变抗力和较长的蠕变寿命,测定出5%Mo单晶合金在1040℃、137 MPa的蠕变寿命为556 h。在施加的温度和应力范围内,测定出合金在稳态蠕变期间的表观蠕变激活能Q=484.7 kJ/mol。合金在稳态蠕变期间的变形机制是位错在基体中滑移和攀移越过筏状γ′相;合金在蠕变较后阶段的变形机制是位错剪切进入筏状γ′相。随蠕变进行,位错的交替滑移致使合金中筏状γ′相发生扭曲,并在筏状γ′/γ两相界面发生裂纹的萌生和扩展,直至断裂,是合金在高温蠕变后期的损伤与断裂机制。     

单晶镍基高温合金超高温蠕变期间的变形机制

通过蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了6％Re-5％Ru(质量分数)单晶镍基高温合金的超高温蠕变行为和变形机制.结果 表明,该合金在1160℃/120 MPa条件下的蠕变寿命为206 h.稳态蠕变期间,位错在基体中滑移和攀移越过筏状γ'相是合金的变形特征,基体中溶解的高浓度难熔元素可增加位错运动阻力.蠕变后期,切入筏状...     

DZ125镍基合金的显微组织与蠕变行为

通过蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究DZ125合金的高温蠕变行为。结果表明:经完全热处理后,合金在枝晶干/间区域存在明显的组织不均匀性,粗大γ′相存在于枝晶问,细小γ′相存在于枝晶干。蠕变初期合金中γ′相已转变成筏状结构,稳态蠕变期间合金的变形机制是位错攀移越过γ′相,其中,位错攀移期间,易形成位错的割阶,空位的形成和扩散是位错攀移的控制环节。而蠕变后期合金的变形机制是位错在基体中滑移和剪切进入筏状γ′相。在高温蠕变后期,合金中裂纹首先在晶界处萌生与扩展,且不同形态晶界具有不同的损伤特征,其中,沿应力轴成45°角晶界承受蠕变损伤的较大剪切应力可使其发生较大几率的蠕变损伤;而加入的元素Hf促进细小粒状相沿晶界的析出,可抑制晶界滑移,提高晶界强度,是合金蠕变断裂后晶界呈现非光滑表面的主要原因。     

6%Re/5%Ru单晶镍基合金的超高温蠕变行为和影响因素EI北大核心CSCD

通过对6%Re/5%Ru单晶镍基合金(质量分数)进行蠕变性能测试和组织观察,研究了合金的超高温蠕变行为和影响因素。结果表明:测定出合金在(1160℃,120 MPa)的蠕变寿命为206 h。中期稳态阶段,位错在基体中滑移和攀移越过γ′相是合金的变形特征,γ基体中溶解的难熔元素可增加位错在基体中运动的阻力。超高温蠕变期间,随温度提高γ′相发生溶解,可减小筏状γ′相的尺寸,提高位错攀移越过γ′相的速率,特别是当温度大于1170℃时,合金的施加温度敏感性使筏状γ′相的尺寸减小,应变速率提高,这是合金蠕变寿命大幅度降低的主要原因。蠕变后期,基体位错可在位错网破损处切入γ′相,其中,切入γ′相的位错可由{111}面交滑移至{100}面形成K−W锁,抑制位错的滑移和交滑移,可改善合金的蠕变抗力。而在颈缩区域较大的有效应力可开动位错的双取向滑移,致使筏状γ′相扭折,并在扭折区域发生裂纹的萌生和扩展,直至断裂,这是合金在超高温蠕变期间的变形和损伤机制。     

Re对单晶镍基合金蠕变行为的影响

通过对有Re和无Re单晶镍基合金进行蠕变性能测定,结合组织形貌观察,研究了Re对单晶镍基合金蠕变行为的影响.结果表明,Re可有效提高合金的高温蠕变抗力,与无Re单晶合金相比较,加入2%的Re后,可使合金在高温低应力条件下的蠕变寿命有较大幅度的提高,计算出2%的Re合金在稳态蠕变期间的蠕变激活能Q=478.6 kJ/mol,应力指数n=5.1.合金在蠕变初期的变形特征是(1/2)<110>位错在基体通道中滑移,运动位错相遇发生位错反应,在γ、γ'两相界面处形成位错网,可提高合金的蠕变抗力.蠕变后期,合金的变形机制是<110>超位错切入筏状γ'相内.     

固溶温度对单晶镍基合金成分偏析和蠕变行为的影响

通过对不同温度固溶处理合金枝晶干/间区域进行成分分析、蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究固溶温度对一种无Re单晶镍基合金成分偏析和蠕变行为的影响。结果表明:经不同温度固溶处理后,合金中枝晶干/间区域具有不同的偏析程度,随固溶温度提高,元素偏析程度降低,可明显提高合金的蠕变抗力和延长蠕变寿命。800℃蠕变期间,合金中γ′相仅形成串状结构,未形成完全筏状组织。合金在中温蠕变期间的变形机制是位错在基体中滑移和剪切γ′相,其中,在基体中发生大量位错的单取向、双取向滑移,可产生形变硬化作用,阻碍位错运动,加之γ′/γ两相共格界面的应力场作用,可抑制位错剪切进入γ′相,是使合金在稳态蠕变期间保持较低应变速率的主要原因。     

晶体取向对镍基单晶合金蠕变行为的影响

通过蠕变曲线测定及组织形貌观察,研究[001]、[011]取向镍基单晶合金在蠕变期间的组织演化及变形特征。结果表明:经完全热处理后,[001]和[011]取向合金中立方γ′相均以共格方式镶嵌在γ基体相中,并沿〈100〉取向规则排列。蠕变期间,[001]取向合金中γ′相沿垂直于应力轴方向形成N-型筏状组织,而[011]取向合金中γ′相沿[001]取向形成纤维状筏形组织,且在(100)晶面的筏状γ′相与施加应力轴方向呈45°角排列,其中,立方γ′相不同晶面中扩张晶格的法线方向是筏状γ′相的生长方向。在试验温度和应力范围内,与[011]取向合金相比,[001]取向合金具有较好的蠕变抗力。在高温蠕变后期,两取向合金中的筏状γ′相均发生粗化和扭折,其中,[001]取向合金在蠕变后期的变形机制是位错剪切γ′相,而[011]取向合金的变形特征主要是形变位错在基体通道中滑移。     

热处理对4.5%Re单晶镍基合金高温蠕变行为的影响

通过对一种4.5%Re(质量分数)镍基单晶合金进行不同工艺热处理、蠕变性能测试及组织形貌观察,研究了固溶时间对该合金组织结构与高温蠕变行为的影响。结果表明:铸态合金中各元素存在较大的成分偏析,经高温长时间固溶及时效处理后,合金中各元素在枝晶间/臂的偏析程度明显降低;将固溶时间由10 h延长至24 h后,合金在1100℃、137 MPa的蠕变寿命由101 h提高至164 h;其中,10 h固溶处理合金中仍存在较大程度的元素偏析,并且在蠕变期间,析出针状TCP相。合金在高温蠕变期间的变形机制是位错在基体中滑移和剪切筏状γ′相;蠕变后期,大量位错剪切筏状γ′相,致使近断口区域的筏状γ′相扭曲,在筏状γ/γ′两相界面发生裂纹的萌生,并沿垂直于应力轴方向扩展,直至发生蠕变断裂。这是合金的高温蠕变断裂机制。     

[111]取向镍基单晶合金的组织结构与蠕变行为

通过蠕变曲线的测定及微观组织形貌观察,研究[111]取向镍基单晶合金在高温低应力条件下的组织结构与蠕变行为。结果表明:经完全热处理后,[111]取向单晶合金的组织结构是立方γ′相以共格方式嵌镶在γ基体中,并沿100方向规则排列;在1 040~1 080℃、137~180 MPa的温度和应力范围内,该取向单晶合金表现出明显的温度和施加应力敏感性。蠕变期间,γ′相沿与应力轴呈一定角度形成筏状组织,蠕变后期在近断口区域筏状γ′相发生粗化和扭折。[111]取向单晶合金在蠕变期间的变形特征是位错在γ基体通道中运动和剪切筏状γ′相,由于形变量较大,较多位错切入筏状γ′相后使其形成亚晶结构,其中,蠕变后期大量位错切入筏状γ′相导致合金的蠕变抗力降低,是合金发生蠕变断裂的主要原因。     

[011]取向镍基单晶合金蠕变特征

研究了一种[011]取向镍基单晶合金的拉伸蠕变特征及其变形期问的微观组织结构.结果表明:在750℃/680 MPa条件下,合金的初期蠕变和稳态蠕变速率相对较高,蠕变寿命较短.TEM观察显示,蠕变期间的变形特征是1/20<110>位错在基体中运动,发生反应形成1/3<112>超Shockley不全位错切入γ'相后产生层错;在870℃/500 MPa条件下,蠕变中期出现不均匀滑移带并有大量超不全位错剪切γ'相,使合金具有较高的应变速率;在980℃/200 MPa条件下,合金具有较长的蠕变寿命和较低的稳态蠕变速率.不同Burgers矢量的位错相遇发生反应形成界面位错网,位错网可以阻止位错切入γ'相,γ'相沿[010]方向扩散生长,逐渐转变成筏形组织.蠕变后期位错切入,γ'相,是合金变形的主要方式.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.