FeAl/Al_2O_3复合阻氚涂层制备技术的研究进展

FeAl/Al_2O_3复合膜层是聚变堆氚增殖包层及辅助涉氚系统结构材料首选的阻氚涂层。其制备过程通常需要铝化和氧化2个步骤,铝化是Al原子与基体Fe原子通过相互扩散在基体表面形成铁铝固溶体(Fe,Al)或Fe-Al金属间化合物过渡层;氧化是使铝化涂层表面选择性氧化形成Al_2O_3膜。该阻氚涂层的制备可采用物理气相沉积(PVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、热浸铝化(HDA)、包埋渗铝(PC)、等离子体喷涂(PS)和电化学沉积(ECD)等技术。相对而言,CVD、HDA和PC等3种技术有较好的应用前景,有望成为聚变堆中FeAl/Al_2O_3阻氚涂层工程化制备的候选技术而ECD技术因其制备过程容易控制、涂层性能稳定、可涂镀复杂结构件等特点在FeAl/Al_2O_3阻氚涂层制备方面颇具吸引力。     

电沉积新型纳米复合MCrAl(Y)涂层的研究进展

热生长保护性Cr₂O₃膜或Al₂O₃膜的MCrAlY涂层,因其与高温金属结构材料的物理相容性好,被广泛用于航空航天等领域的热端结构件的高温防护。目前主要采电子束物理气相沉积、磁控溅射、离子镀、热喷涂等物理方法制备。系统总结了采用纳米复合电沉积技术制备新型纳米复合型MCrAlY涂层的相关研究工作,对其中涉及的纳米复合电沉积和“电泳+电沉积”2种不同的制备方法进行了介绍,概述了基于MCrAl(Y)纳米复合涂层结构特征的选择性氧化模型,阐明了这类涂层相较于传统MCrAlY涂层具有更加优异的抗高温腐蚀性能的“纳米尺寸效应”,重点评述了涂层的组成结构与其高温腐蚀行为之间的关联,以及在此基础上构建的代表涂层成分与表面氧化膜类型关系的涂层氧化图,最后提出了该技术后续可拓展应用于涂层/金属-陶瓷扩散障体系的一体化制备,并对这种新型的纳米复合MCrAlY涂层的未来研究方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

电接触强化对WC涂层与基体结合界面的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在白口铸铁表面制备了厚0.2 mm的WC-12Co涂层,并对涂层进行电接触强化.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和能谱分析等方式对强化的涂层/基体界面进行了显微结构和物相分析,并与未强化涂层的组织结构进行对比.结果表明:电接触强化工艺能改变涂层与基体的结合方式,实现了界面的冶金结合.     

冷喷涂制备防腐涂层研究现状

针对海洋环境中各类钢铁构件日益严重的腐蚀现状,鉴于传统热喷涂技术无法解决涂层孔隙率高、热应力大等缺陷,冷喷涂技术制备防腐涂层受到国内外越来越多学者的关注。在分析大量文献的基础上,对冷喷涂制备防腐涂层的研究现状进行了分类和总结。首先,对比传统热喷涂技术特点,指出冷喷涂技术制备金属涂层、复合涂层以及非金属防腐涂层的优势和可行性,同时从电化学腐蚀角度揭示金属涂层和复合涂层的防腐机理,并简述了前人对非金属涂层防腐机理的各种合理分析。其次,从涂层孔隙率、电化学性质(包括自腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流等)以及特定应用环境下的腐蚀试验等防腐性能表征入手,归纳了冷喷涂制备的金属涂层、非金属涂层以及复合涂层等研究成果,并发现冷喷涂制备防腐涂层技术正在逐渐走向成熟,相对于金属和复合涂层,非金属涂层正在从实验室研发阶段向工业应用过渡。最后,分析了冷喷涂制备防腐涂层当前存在的主要问题和应用前景。     

电机轴承防护措施及Al2O3陶瓷绝缘涂层研究现状

讨论了避免电机轴承电蚀失效的主要防护措施,包括安装接地碳刷疏导轴电流、使用绝缘轴承截断轴电流这两类方式,并对其优缺点分别进行了阐述.针对绝缘轴承,着重分析了Al2O3陶瓷涂层的热喷涂工艺(粉末粒径、喷涂参数等)、涂层结构(表面形貌与微观组织)以及涂层性能(力学性能、摩擦性能、绝缘性能)三者间的关系,介绍了通过掺杂其他金属阳离子氧化物或纳米结构粉末对涂层性能进行改性的方法.在此基础上,对绝缘轴承Al2O3陶瓷涂层制备技术存在的难点进行了分析,总结了存在的主要问题.最后对绝缘轴承Al2O3陶瓷涂层制备技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

电沉积制备氧化石墨烯-羟基磷灰石复合涂层

采用电沉积方法在钛表面制备氧化石墨烯-羟基磷灰石(Graphene oxide/Hydroxyapatite,GO/HA)复合涂层,通过调整GO的浓度,研究GO对所得涂层晶体结构及生物学性能的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱分析所得涂层的表面形貌和物相构成,用SEM观察涂层表面MG63成骨样细胞生长情况。结果表明,电沉积法可在钛表面制备GO/HA复合涂层,且随GO浓度增加,HA结晶度增加。此外,复合涂层较单纯HA涂层更能促进成骨样细胞早期粘附。     

涂层超导体缓冲层的制备

综述了涂层超导体缓冲层的作用、可利用的材料及制备方法.着重介绍了几种制备缓冲层的真空及非真空方法,即磁控溅射法、脉冲激光沉积(PLD)、溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)、电沉积等.展望了对下一步涂层超导体缓冲层的制备.     

防氚渗透涂层的研究进展

在核聚变堆研究中,聚变环境中如何阻止氚在金属结构件中的渗透,是核聚变堆设计的关键技术之一.主要介绍目前常用的氧化物涂层、钛基陶瓷涂层、硅化物涂层、铝化物涂层等防氚渗透涂层的研究进展,并对防氚渗透涂层的主要制备技术如物理气相沉积、溅射镀膜、离子束辅助沉积技术、化学气相沉积、热浸铝、电镀等技术的特点进行了描述.对防氚渗透涂...     

超音速喷涂纳米WC复合涂层与电镀铬层的组织及性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术和电镀技术分别制备了纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层及电镀铬层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、电化学工作站、磨损腐蚀加速试验机等手段对比分析了这两种涂层的性能以及使用寿命。结果表明,纳米WC复合涂层具有远高于电镀铬层的显微硬度、耐磨损性能及结合强度等,并且该涂层具有较高的致密度,而耐腐蚀性能略低于电镀铬层但也远高于基材,磨损腐蚀加速试验结果显示该涂层的使用寿命高达电镀铬层的5倍以上。     

电沉积制备Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr合金HA涂层的研究

采用碱热处理＋电沉积＋碱热处理相结合的工艺在Mg-4.0Zn-1.0Ca-0.6Zr合金板材表面制备羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层。利用X射线衍射和SEM对不同电沉积工艺参数下制备出的涂层组织和形貌进行了分析。结果表明,电沉积工艺参数的变化对涂层组织产生很大影响,当电压为10 V时,随着温度提高,HA颗粒有长大的趋势;当温度一定时,随着电压升高,涂层沉积组织有由片状到颗粒状转变的趋势;电沉积制备Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr合金HA涂层的最佳工艺参数为电沉积温度50℃,电沉积电压为10 V左右。在此工艺条件下可制备出接近人骨的Ca/P比（1.67）的组织致密HA涂层。     

银涂层保护技术在航空发动机紧固件中的应用研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

在大力发展航空业的新形势下,航空发动机紧固件的咬死失效问题逐渐成为航空领域的关注焦点。但是由于航空紧固件面临应力、高温、微动等苛刻工况,在工作过程中,表面银润滑涂层会出现形变、剥落等失效形式,这是提高航空发动机发展水平必须要解决的难题。系统阐述苛刻工况下航空发动机紧固件中存在的微动磨损、磨粒磨损、氧化磨损、粘着磨损4种主要磨损失效形式,对未涂覆保护涂层的螺栓表面以及对涂覆银润滑涂层的涂层表面产生的影响,对比电镀工艺和磁控溅射工艺制备的高温环境用银涂层在硬度、结合力等方面的不同,简述几种可以提高银涂层润滑能力的复合增强涂层制备技术,综述用于高温环境中紧固件保护的高硬度特性和高温特种氧化替代涂层。总结现用航空发动机失效紧固件上银涂层失效分析和现有研究结论,得出实际使用过程中银涂层软化和银的高扩散率是导致涂层失效的主要原因,对涂层保护技术在航空发动机紧固件中的应用提出建议与展望。主要提出了高温下银涂层失效问题的可能解决方法。     

Corrosion behavior of coated steels and Mn‐ and Co‐alloyed steels for separator materials on the cathode side in molten carbonate fuel cells

The corrosion behavior and the electrical resistivity of the oxide scale that forms on alternative materials for bipolar plates in molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) were investigated. Commercial stainless steels (SS) containing cobalt (Haynes 556) and manganese (Nitronic 30, Nitronic 50, and Nitronic 60) were tested under cathodic MCFC conditions Additionally, 316L SS coated with cobalt by thermal spraying was studied. Oxide‐scale resistivity measurements were coupled with observations of microstructural/compositional changes over time. All tested materials formed multilayered oxide scales. The composition of these phases was the key factor in determining the interfacial electrical resistivity. The high cobalt content of Haynes 556 (18 wt%) did not decrease its electrical resistivity or improve its corrosion resistance. Thus, Co‐containing stainless steels, such as Haynes 556, do not appear to be candidate bipolar plate materials for MCFCs. In contrast, the cobalt coating on 316L SS did lead to improved corrosion resistance. The Nitronic alloys formed Mn‐containing oxide scales, which appear to have a beneficial effect on lowering the resistivity of the oxide scale. The corrosion resistance of these Mn‐containing stainless steels was greater than that of 316L SS, the present bipolar plate material.     

Influence of process parameters on electrolytic plasma discharging behaviour and aluminum oxide coating microstructure

In this study, a plasma electrolytic oxidation process (PEO) was used to produce oxide coatings on commercially pure aluminum (Al 1100) at two different current modes, pulsed unipolar and bipolar modes. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in the visible and near ultraviolet (NUV) band (285 nm-800 nm) was employed to investigate the PEO plasma. The emission spectra were recorded and plasma temperature profile versus processing time was constructed using line intensity ratios method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) was used to study the coating microstructure and coating cross section. It was found that the plasma discharge behavior significantly influenced the microstructure and the morphology of the oxide coatings. The main effect came from the strongest discharges which were initiated at the interface between the substrate and the coating. Through manipulation of process parameters to control or reduce the strongest discharge, the density and quality of the coating layers could be modified. This work demonstrated that by adjusting the ratio of the positive to negative pulse currents as well as their timing in order to eliminate the strongest discharges, the quality of the coatings was considerably improved.     

先进陶瓷涂层结构调控及其在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

等离子喷涂技术可以对陶瓷涂层的微观结构进行调控设计,因此在制备固体氧化物燃料电池方面具有独特的优势。基于等离子喷涂方法,可以直接制备或经过后处理获得致密的电解质涂层。采用等离子喷涂技术也可以制备高性能的多孔阳极和阴极,并可对钙钛矿结构阴极材料的成分和晶体结构进行调控。文中介绍了目前国内外采用涂层制备电池的方法,主要探讨了热喷涂方法制备电解质涂层的特点,对存在的问题和可行思路进行了讨论,并探讨了基于提高三相反应界面长度来制备高性能电极的方法。由于固体氧化物燃料全电池各功能层都有可能通过热喷涂方法制备,因此该方法在固体氧化物燃料电池结构设计具有巨大的潜力。     

钼基体表面二硅化钼涂层的制备及其高温抗氧化性能

以工业废弃硅化钼棒为原料,采用浆料涂刷法在钼表面制备MoSi2基抗氧化涂层.研究涂层的显微组织、相组成及在1500℃的高温氧化行为.结果表明,以废弃硅化钼棒和纯MoSi2粉末为原料制备的涂层和基体之间形成明显的连接层.纯MoSi2制备的涂层(PM)在烧结后出现少量裂纹,而以废弃硅钼棒为原料制备的涂层(SM)在烧结后没有...     

Properties of Aluminum Oxide (AlO_x) Barrier Coatings Deposited on Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)(PET)Substrates by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

The aluminum oxide(AlOx)coatings were deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)surface by reactive magnetron sputtering for improving its barrier property.With O2 flux increasing,three modes including metallic mode,transition mode and oxide mode exist in sputtering.The properties of the aluminum oxide(AlOx)coatings prepared at different modes were discussed.Also,the influences of oxygen flux on the stoichiometry,structure,gas permeation of the coatings were investigated.The chemical composition of AlOx films fabricated in transition mode is different as oxygen flux varies slightly,and the gas barrier property is better as the stoichiometry is closer to 1.5 with oxygen flux increasing.The coating uniformity,roughness and particle size depend remarkably upon oxygen flux.The coatings deposited at oxide mode have a good barrier performance to oxygen and water,and the permeability to oxygen decreases by sixty times and water vapor ten times compared with uncoated PET     

An ecologically pure process of rapid oxide coating (technology, equipment)

The paper describes an ecologically pure energy-saving process of rapid steam oxide coating and special equipment for its realization consisting of a bath electric furnace with a steam-fluidized layer. The causes of the considerable increase in the corrosion resistance of powder materials after a rapid steam oxide coating compared to the convection method and the possibilities of using rapid oxide coating instead of the chemical processes (oxidophosphating, phosphating with impregnation) are considered. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 23–25, August, 1997.     

静电喷雾制备功能化表面膜层的研究进展

静电喷雾是一种高效且应用广泛的膜层制备技术,能够使微细粒子均匀分布,在微纳米材料加工制备领域表现出巨大的潜力.介绍了静电喷雾技术在制备功能化表面膜层的最新研究进展,总结了静电喷雾技术的优缺点.在静电喷雾机理与装置方面,详细阐述了泰勒锥液滴、微细射流及破碎雾化过程,分析了膜层在喷雾中的生长过程以及累积之后的内部变化,论述了膜层相组成和晶体结构的控制方式,介绍了液滴的带电方式和有无静电场的区别,对比了静电喷雾的多种装置及喷嘴类型;在氧化物膜层方面,介绍了金属氧化物膜层、非金属氧化物膜层、金属颗粒掺杂氧化物膜层,以及复合膜层的成膜条件、膜层相组成和晶体结构.归纳了多种功能的静电喷雾聚合物膜层,分析了静电喷雾在钠离子电池、锂离子电池以及钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用.描述了含碳、硅等非金属无机物膜层的研究现状,探讨了静电喷雾参数对膜层结构的影响,以及膜层结构和性能的关系,并概括了多种膜层的厚度变化.最后,展望了静电喷雾技术的应用前景及发展趋势.     

等离子喷涂制备固体氧化物燃料电池电解质涂层研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

等离子喷涂作为一种高性价比的涂层沉积工艺,在固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)电解质制备方面比传统方式更灵活、高效,尤其在大面积电解质快速成形上,表现出良好的发展潜力。介绍SOFC的工作原理和研究趋势,综述电解质材料及等离子喷涂制备工艺的研究进展,指明等离子喷涂制备SOFC电解质涂层的发展方向。研究表明:氧化钇、氧化钪稳定的氧化锆是目前商业化应用最广泛的电解质材料,其他如氧化铈基及氧化铋基电解质还须解决还原气氛下价态变化问题,而镧锶镓镁氧化物和硅酸盐电解质则需解决成分和结构稳定性问题。在制备方面,传统湿化学法的高温烧结过程难以制备金属支撑型SOFC,磁控溅射和气相沉积等镀膜技术成本高、效率低,不适合电解质大规模生产。而等离子喷涂技术具有沉积效率高,对基体热输入小,可灵活调控涂层微观结构等优势。等离子喷涂SOFC电解质还存在较大探索空间,基于前期相关工作为后续中低温电解质制备及优化提供思路,随着电解质粉末成本下降及喷涂设备迭代升级,等离子喷涂技术有望在未来成为大规模高效制备SOFC电解质涂层的重要手段。     

Development of electrically conductive plasma sprayed coatings on glass ceramic substrates

The production of functional coatings on glass or glass ceramic substrates is of outstanding interest in modern product development due to the specific thermophysical properties of glasses, like low or even negative CTE, low heat conductivity and high dimensional stability. Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is an adequate technology for the deposition of a wide variety of materials on glasses and opens new application fields for thermal spraying technology in engineering and consumer industries.Metals are the frequent solution to produce electrically conductive layers in thermal spraying operations. Concerning applications with glass ceramic as a substrate, an intermediate oxide ceramic coating is applied before depositing the metallic layer, so that the distribution of residual stresses in the composite caused during and after the deposition process due to the mismatch in the materials thermophysical properties is minimized. However, the electrical properties required for the developed coatings presented in this paper can be fulfilled using other spraying materials, like mixed phases of oxide ceramics and metal powders, or pure ceramic materials. In this way, mono-layer electrically conductive systems which ensure the required stability and adhesion of the coating can be developed, reducing as well production time and costs.In the proposed approach, the three systems, metal oxide layer-composites, ceramic-metal mixed layers and ceramic mono-layers as conductive coatings on glass ceramics were thermally sprayed with APS. The coatings were characterized in terms of residual stress distribution and electrical conductivity. The influence of the process parameters on the coating electrical and mechanical properties was analyzed using the design of experiments (DOE) methodology.