Analysis of electric coupling between slotted cylindrical ringresonators

Electric coupling necessary for realising filters with transmission zeros is investigated for slotted cylindrical ring (SCR) resonators. The transmission line matrix (TLM) method is applied to the analysis of couplings between these resonators. Typical coupling curves of practical importance are presented, which help in the design of SCR resonator filters     

Properties and applications of reflective-array devices

The use of reflective arrays in surface-wave devices has yielded new devices such as resonators in addition to an enlarged parameter range for devices such as radar pulse expanders and compressors. A number of different grating geometries, substrates, and types of reflectors have been employed in resonators, band-pass filters, filter banks, oscillators, and dispersive delay lines. Simple, yet accurate, models have been developed for design and analysis of reflection gratings in these applications. The major application of reflective arrays has been in radar pulse compressors wherein low spurious levels and precise phase and amplitude response have been achieved in devices with time-bandwidth products as large as 10⁴. Other signal-processing applications such as chirp-z transforms can exploit the large time-bandwidth products available in reflective-array devices.     

Stripline dual-mode ring resonators and their application tomicrowave devices

This paper describes the fundamental properties of two orthogonal resonant modes within stripline ring resonators and their application to microwave devices. There are two principal methods for application of ring resonators, the first is by using two-port devices and the second four-port devices, in the case of two-port configurations, dual-mode filters using coupling between two degenerate modes have been studied as typical applications. In this paper, new methods for the coupling of two modes and their applications to practical devices, are proposed, and then experimental results for proof of the new structures are presented. Four-port configurations, which make use of two resonant modes as being independent or having no coupling between them, have a wider range of application to microwave devices. Microwave circuits such as tuned amplifiers and oscillators with novel structures are proposed, and their excellent characteristics are demonstrated. The experimental results obtained in this study on two and four-port devices make it clear that dual-mode ring resonators have great potential for application to various microwave devices     

Applications of surface acoustic and shallow bulk acoustic wavedevices

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) device coverage includes delay lines and filters operating at selected frequencies in the range from about 10 MHz to 11 GHz; modeling with single-crystal piezoelectrics and layered structures; resonators and low-loss filters; comb filters and multiplexers; antenna duplexers; harmonic devices; chirp filters for pulse compression; coding with fixed and programmable transversal filters; Barker and quadraphase coding; adaptive filters; acoustic and acoustoelectric convolvers and correlators for radar, spread spectrum, and packet radio; acoustooptic processors for Bragg modulation and spectrum analysis; real-time Fourier-transform and cepstrum processors for radar and sonar; compressive receivers; Nyquist filters for microwave digital radio; clock-recovery filters for fiber communications; fixed-, tunable-, and multimode oscillators and frequency synthesizers; acoustic charge transport (ACT); and other SAW devices for signal processing on gallium arsenide. Shallow bulk acoustic wave (SBAW) device applications include gigahertz delay lines, surface-transverse-wave resonators employing energy-trapping gratings and oscillators with enhanced performance and capability     

一种在时域调谐带通滤波器的新方法

文章介绍了一种基于滤波器S11响应的时域分析的调谐方法。这种方法可以区分谐振器和耦合孔各自产生的时域响应，可以用来指导调节谐振器和耦合系数，得到所需的滤波器响应。通过这种方法还可以观察滤波器内部各元件间是如何相互作用的。     

信号流程图理论分析多环谐振滤波器特性

微环谐振腔以其功能多样、结构简洁、集成度高等特点已经成为当前的研究热点。采用多环结构形成的滤波器能够实现在通带内比单环谐振滤波器更为陡峭的滚降、更平坦的峰顶和更好的抑制阻带。利用信号流程图法(SFG)推导了串联耦合和并联耦合两种形式的多环谐振滤波器的系统传递函数公式。在串联结构中,滤波器的输出特性主要受到耦合系数和损耗的影响;在并联结构中,通过优化环间距,从而使下载端输出光谱达到比较好的形状。     

Application of multilayer structures at millimeter wavelengths

The paper presents results of theoretical analyses and experimental investigations of the optical characteristics of devices based on multilayer dielectric structures and intended for the millimeter wave band. As is shown, multilayer dielectric structures can prove useful in devices with variable optical characteristics representing coupling elements for quasioptical open resonators, adjustable reflection coefficient mirrors in narrow-band interference Fabry-Perot filters or adjustable multilayer polarizers.     

Analysis and Composition of a New Microwave Filter Configuration with Inhomogeneous Dielectric Medium

A theoretical study has been undertaken to solve inter-resonator coupling problems, and to design a new structure of microwave bandpass filter. This filter is composed of quarter-wavelength resonators arranged in a housing with the same ends short-circuited. This arrangement of resonators has never been utilized to compose bandpass filters because of the small inter-resonator coupling. The coupling coefficient of TEM resonant lines has been derived theoretically and expressed with capacitive parameters of the coupled lines. The accurate values of capacitances of the lines were obtained by the numerical analysis of the TEM field. By a simple method to make the medium inhomogeneous through removing the dielectric partially, a simplified structure of filter has first been realized based on the theory. Through numerical analysis by the finite difference method, this structure is also shown to have higher unloaded Q of resonator than conventional dielectric-filled coaxial filters to minimize the volume of filters.     

Pseudo-elliptic microstrip line filters with zero-shifting properties

The paper presents a new design of pseudo-elliptic microstrip line filters. These filters employ a coupling scheme which allows shifting of transmission zeros from one side of the passband to the other by only changing the resonant frequencies of the resonators. To demonstrate the performance of these filters, a fourth-order bandpass filter with one transmission zero in the upper stopband is first designed. A second filter with a transmission zero in the lower stopband is then designed by simply adjusting the lengths of the resonators followed by minor optimization to account for the fact that the resonant frequencies can not be changed without slightly affecting the coupling coefficients in the used layout. Measured and simulated results are presented.     

基于频率变换的双通带腔体滤波器的研究

该文基于频率变换的方法设计了两种结构的双通带的腔体滤波器,一种是通过谐振器之间直接耦合实现的;另一种是在谐振器之间引入交叉耦合实现的,从而达到产生传输零点的目的。首先根据设计指标,采用频率变换的方法,计算得到谐振器间的耦合系数和外部Q值,然后利用Ansoft HFSS建立同轴腔体滤波器的模型并进行仿真,仿真结果与ADS中等效电路得到的理论结果基本吻合,从而验证了这种方法的正确性。最后通过对级联型结构与交叉耦合型结构双通带腔体滤波器的比较,得出后者比前者具有更好的带外抑制特性。     

Novel design possibilities for dual-mode filters without intracavity couplings

This letter presents coupling schemes and design guidelines for dual-mode filters without intracavity couplings. Examples of filters of orders two and four are presented to document the flexibility of these solutions. These coupling schemes allow the change of transmission zeros from either side of the passband to the other by only detuning the resonators and without changing the coupling coefficients.     

Generalized dual-plane multicoupled line filters

The authors describe the general realization of elliptic function narrow-bandpass filters constructed from two adjacent planes of microstrip quasi-TEM line resonators. This dual-plane configuration allows nonadjacent coupling to be realized through small slots between the planes. Alternate sign coupling is realized by the appropriate positioning of the slot along the resonator length. A model developed from H. Bethe's small-hole coupling theory (1944) is used to predict these couplings. Adjacent resonator couplings are modeled using a coupled-line analysis modified to characterize the coupling of an inhomogeneous medium. The filter synthesis technique previously developed for waveguide cavity filters can be directly applied in designing a dual-plane filter     

通信领域中的微机械谐振器件

无线通信的发展要求系统中的无源器件小型化,以实现系统单片集成。微加工技术制作的无源器件不仅可以满足小型化要求,而且在300kHz到14．5MHz频段内,其品质因子（Q值）可高达5000。鉴于此,本文以表面加工技术、体加工技术以及键合技术制作的MEMS谐振器以及由它和耦合梁组成的滤波器为重点,介绍了它们的工作原理、设计和制作方法,最后讨论了在高频范围内制约MEMS谐振器件工作性能的因素。     

Computer-aided design of dielectric resonator filters in waveguide sections below cutoff

The letter describes the analysis and design of a class of dielectric resonator filters in waveguide sections below cutoff. In these filters evanescent-mode coupling between the resonators can be realised by either an air-filled waveguide section or a dielectric slab-loaded waveguide section. Metallising the dielectric slab on both sides reduces the length of the coupling section and improves the stopband attenuation significantly. Filter characteristics can be predicted very accurately using a mode-matching technique to calculate the S-matrix of the filter component. This method accounts for the effect of finite metallisation thickness and higher-order modes.     

Microwave acoustic materials, devices, and applications

This paper surveys applications of acoustic waves in microwave devices. After a general and historical introduction to bulk acoustic waves (BAWs), surface acoustic waves (SAWs), practical wave types, and acoustoelectric transducers, a review is given of technologically important materials for microwave acoustic applications. Following this, we discuss BAW and SAW microwave devices and their technologies. Specifically reviewed are thin-film resonators and filters, transversal filters, and filters for correlative analog signal processing. Finally, an overview of the most important microwave applications is given, along with manufacturing and packaging issues     

Synthesis of optical filters using ring resonator arrays

Multiple micro-optical four-port resonators, such as ring resonators, can be combined to obtain response functions not attainable with a single element. A matrix propagator method for analysis of multi-element filters is presented which takes into account bidirectional coupling among elements of a linear resonator array. Examples of filters attaining flat-top passbands, desirable for all-optical wavelength-division-multiplexed networks, are given     

Analysis of the coupling coefficients of stripline resonators in the designs of suspended-substrate filters

Expressions for the frequency-dependent coupling coefficients of stripline resonators in miniature designs of suspended-substrate filters are obtained. The effect of the design parameters of such filters on the coupling coefficients of their resonators is theoretically studied and frequency-selective properties of the device are analyzed. It is shown that interaction between resonators at frequencies of the filter passband is predominantly inductive in the presence of small capacitive interaction and the attenuation poles of the amplitude-frequency response (AFR) observed beyond the passband are caused by the mutual cancellation of inductive and capacitive interactions. Frequency dependences of coupling coefficients can be used to explain features of the AFRs of suspended-substrate filters. It is shown that experimental AFRs agree well with theoretical AFRs calculated in quasi-static approximation with the use of 1D models.     

Novel Multifold Finite-Ground-Width CPW Quarter-Wavelength Filters With Attenuation Poles

This paper proposes a novel multifold finite-ground-width coplanar waveguide (CPW) lambda/4 resonator filter that has the capability of realizing attenuation poles by cross coupling of nonadjacent resonators. The newly proposed multifold structures not only greatly shrink the length of a resonator, but also provide a convenient way to implement cross coupling in a filter. The proposed multifold finite-ground-width CPW resonators can have much stronger coupling than that of spiraling and meandering layouts, and any number of folds is possible. Two combline filters are designed and measured with twofold and threefold lambda/4 finite-ground-width CPW resonators. A trisection and a quadruplet generalized Chebyshev filter formed by cross couplings between nonadjacent resonators have been implemented by modifying the layout of the resonator. These filters are smaller in size and have the capability of controlling attenuation poles     

Design of Band-Stop Filters in the Presence of Dissipation

The insertion loss vs. frequency characteristic of equal-element band-stop filters is derived for large as well as small degrees of dissipation, and for any number of resonators. These results are presented as curves for one through eight resonator filters. The equal-element band-stop filter, for small dissipation, is shown to have the lowest pass-band loss for a specified stop-band characteristic of all possible filters that can be represented by a low-pass prototype. Design procedures and examples are explained for waveguide and TEM band-stop filters. This includes selecting the optimum number of resonators, the resonator lengths, and the coupling reactance. Experimental results on C-band waveguide and UHF coaxial filters are presented; the results are in good agreement with the theory. This approach makes possible complete prediction of the filter response and results in lower pass-band loss than could be obtained with previously used approaches.     

Stripe delay filters

There are considered constructions of microsized stripe delay filters, which are realized on a basis of ceramic materials with high dielectric permittivity. Delay time of non-minimal phase filters is 7–12 ns at frequencies of 1900 MHz with relative bandwidth of 3.6–3.85%. Filters dimensions are comparable with ones used in portable communication devices. Dimensions of researched three-resonator filter at frequency of 1900 MHz are 8.4×5×2mmwith material dielectric permittivity ε_r = 92, and 5-resonator filter ones are 9.2×8.6×2 mm. Filters are different from traditional delay filters. Two filters of considered ones contain odd resonator number and the third one contains four resonators and it has two cross couplings. The basis of the filters is amount of step-impedance stripe resonators pairs located close to each others whose electromagnetic coupling behavior is capacitive. There are represented the results of frequency characteristics simulation for different delay filters.