稀土对含磷钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

通过周期浸润加速腐蚀试验,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和电化学测量等方法,研究了稀土对含磷钢(0.12%,质量分数)耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,稀土的加入可将含磷钢的腐蚀率降低到不含稀土钢的55%,有效提高了含磷碳钢的耐腐蚀性能,同时获得较好的低温冲击韧性.分析其原因是:钢中稀土在腐蚀过程中产生Ce3 、Ce4 和La3 离子,Ce4 离子能将Fe2 氧化成Fe3 ,促进锈层中稳定相α-FeOOH的形成;同时这些稀土离子可与腐蚀过程中产生的PO43-、H2PO4-、SO42-离子形成难溶的稀土复盐覆盖在钢基表面,阻碍了腐蚀介质进入到基体,从而提高钢的耐腐蚀性能.     

稀土Ce,La对Q345B钢在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为的影响

通过周浸实验、失重分析、交流阻抗谱测试、动电位极化曲线和SEM等方法,对含有徽量稀土铈(Ce)和镧(La)的Q345BRe钢和普通Q345B钢在模拟工业大气腐蚀环境下,进行了耐腐蚀性能比较实验.结果表明,复合加入稀土铈和镧后,Q345B钢耐蚀性能获得了明显的提高,腐蚀形貌也发生了变化.     

稀土处理对高牌号无取向硅钢中夹杂物的影响

通过工业试验研究了不同稀土含量对高牌号无取向硅钢中夹杂物的影响。研究结果表明,当稀土质量分数为0.002 1%时,稀土元素主要形成(La, Ce)AlO₃夹杂物,从而进行脱氧、变质钢中Al₂O₃夹杂物;随着钢中稀土含量的增加,稀土主要形成以(La, Ce)AlO₃-(La, Ce)₂O₂S类和(La, Ce)₂O₂S类稀土夹杂物,主要降低了钢中硫化物的析出量,但是此时生成的稀土夹杂物对钢中大量温降过程析出和二次氧化产生的Al₂O₃类夹杂物的改性作用较弱,这导致稀土含量高时钢中Al₂O₃夹杂物的数密度明显增加。此外,夹杂物长宽比的统计结果表明,稀土处理使铸坯中夹杂物发生明显球化,但在随后的热轧工序中,常规处理与稀土处理的热轧板中夹杂物的平均长宽比差异较小。即在工业生产实际中,稀土处理对成品组织中的夹杂物的长宽比影响很小,影响夹杂...     

稀土元素在洁净重轨钢中存在状态的热力学模型研究

建立了可以定量描述洁净稀土重轨钢凝固过程中成分偏析与夹杂物析出的耦合热力学模型,经文献验证,模型具有较高精度。通过模型分析了稀土加入量对洁净钢中夹杂物的析出规律与稀土存在状态的影响。得出在洁净重轨钢中加入稀土可以变质钢中MnS、Al₂O₃夹杂;钢中首先析出稀土氧硫化物(或稀土铝酸盐),其次是稀土硫化物,最后是稀土氮化物;在同一稀土加入量条件下,固溶La的量要大于固溶Ce的量。     

海洋大气环境下低碳稀土钢耐腐蚀性能的研究

通过大气暴晒实验研究了海洋大气环境下低碳钢和稀土钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明,稀土元素有利于提高碳钢耐海洋大气的腐蚀性能.采用SEM、XRD以及电化学方法对腐蚀产物进行研究.发现稀土钢锈层组织缺陷较少,能有效阻挡腐蚀性离子侵入.稀土可以促进腐蚀产物中活性物相向α - FeOOH转化,并能细化锈颗粒,提高铁锈中非晶相比例.     

混合稀土掺杂硬质合金刀具工作表面稀土富集相的能谱分析

在能谱(EDX)分析时,因La的Lβ1与Pr的Lα,Ce的Lβ1与Nd的Lα,La的LIIIab与Pr的Lβ1,Ce的LIIIab与Nd的Lβ1存在谱线重叠现象,而且混合稀土通常以La和Ce为主体元素,在分析混合稀土掺杂合金中含稀土物相时容易出现对Pr、Nd的遗漏。本文介绍La、Ce、Pr、Nd混合稀土掺杂的硬质合金刀具工作表面稀土富集相EDX分析的谱线拟合方法,并对刀具服役过程中La、Ce、Pr、Nd向刀具工作表面的定向迁移进行研究。结果表明,对存在谱线重叠现象的"相似元素"进行EDX分析,应该采用谱线拟合方法判断是否存在"相似元素",以防止出现元素的遗漏与误判;对以La、Ce为主体元素的混合稀土掺杂合金中含稀土物相进行EDX分析时,即使忽视了对Pr、Nd的分析,也不会影响对La、Ce在合金中作用行为规律的判断,但会遗失La、Ce、Pr、Nd在合金中作用行为的整体信息;在对C、S含量适中的金属材料加工过程中,混合稀土掺杂硬质合金工具中的La、Ce、Pr、Nd原子可以定向迁移至工作表面,但这种迁移是非同步的,Ce、Pr、Nd原子具有较La原子高的迁移速度。     

混合稀土(La,Ce)对7A04铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸造的方法制备了La/Ce配比不同及含量不同的7A04铝合金，通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能测试等手段，研究了混合稀土(La, Ce)配比不同及含量不同对7A04铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明，添加一定量的混合稀土后，7A04铝合金主要由α-Al基体、MgZn₂和Al₂Cu第二相、Al₈Cu₄(LaCe)和Al₃(LaCe)稀土相所组成，其中稀土相主要呈块状和骨骼状分布于晶界处，有效抑制了晶粒的生长，铝合金晶粒得到明显细化；铝合金的显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能均随稀土含量的增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势，在La/Ce配比为7∶3、含量为0.8%时铝合金的硬度值最大为225 HV0.3,相对未添加稀土的铝合金硬度提高了31%;在La/Ce配比为5∶5、含量为0.5%时铝合金的腐蚀速率和腐蚀电流密度值最低，容抗弧半径最大，其耐腐性能最好。     

稀土对B级船板钢冲击韧性的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS),研究了不同稀土含量对B级船板钢热轧板断口形貌及对钢中夹杂物形成的影响。研究发现,在B级船板钢中加入稀土后,稀土元素La、Ce能够与钢中的As相互作用形成复合相;稀土在钢中起到变质夹杂物的作用,从而提高了钢的低温冲击韧性;在本实验中,稀土的最佳含量为0.019%。     

混合稀土在钢铁中的固溶量及析出相的研究

用电解分离、化学分析、电子探针微区分析和晶格常数精密测量等方法,研究了钢铁中混合稀土的存在行为,结果表明:通常稀土钢中的固溶稀土量可达0.02wt%左右,纯铁中接近0.08wt%;在所研究的纯铁中,除生成稀土夹杂物和一定固溶量外,过量稀土形成富 Ce 的 RE_2Fe_(17)相富 Ce 的 REFe_2相、和富 La 的稀土金属相。     

硫酸介质中氯化镧与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SBDS)对锌的缓蚀协同效应

用失重法研究了硫酸介质中稀土镧(Ⅲ)离子和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SBDS)在硫酸介质中对锌的缓蚀协同效应.发现La3+在低浓度下有增蚀作用;SBDS对锌则有一定的缓蚀作用,但最大缓蚀率仅有35%.实验结果亦表明SBDS与La3+对锌表现出强烈的缓蚀协同效应.     

Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

Influence of Nd and Y additions on the corrosion behaviour of extruded Mg-Zn-Zr alloys

To improve the corrosion resistance of wrought magnesium alloys through rare earth (RE) additions, the corrosion behaviour of Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, and 2; wt%) and Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd-yY (y=0.5 and 1; wt%) alloys in a 5wt% NaCl solution was investigated using immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The results of immersion test show that Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr-2Nd alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the tested alloys. Electrochemical measurements show that secondary phases in RE-containing Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloys behave as less noble cathodes in micro-galvanic corrosion and suppress the cathodic process. The additions of Nd and Y into Mg-5Zn-0.3Zr alloy also improve the compactness of the corrosion product film and are beneficial to the corrosion resistance.     

Pitting corrosion behavior of Cu-P-RE weathering steels

The weathering steels are prone to pitting corrosion in an environment containing chloride ions.The pitting behavior of Cu-P-RE weathering steels and its effect on the corrosion resistance of steels were investigated by multifarious analytical techniques,such as field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM),electrochemical workstation and a series of immersion tests.The results show that the original stripshap...     

含稀土元素镧的节镍铬锰氮不锈钢耐蚀性

 以加入不同含量稀土元素镧的节镍铬锰氮不锈钢为对象,采用交流阻抗和极化曲线分析技术,对节镍铬锰氮不锈钢在周浸腐蚀环境下的电化学行为进行了研究。通过试验结果分析得出：加入质量分数为0～0.014%镧元素,随着镧含量增加,基体的电极电位提高;在体积分数3.5%NaCl溶液中模拟海洋大气腐蚀的48天内,节镍铬锰氮不锈钢的耐蚀性随稀土镧含量增加,耐蚀性先增加后减小,含稀土镧质量分数为0.004 9%的节镍铬锰氮不锈钢的耐蚀性最好。     

稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层组织与耐蚀性能的影响

通过熔炼—雾化工艺制备了稀土铁基自熔合金粉末,并考察了稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层的显微组织及其在弱酸、中性盐溶液中耐蚀性能的影响。采用金相显微镜、SEM、EDAX对合金喷焊层的物相结构、显微组织进行了观察和分析。在实验结果的基础上,对稀土的有关作用机制进行了分析和讨论。     

用循环阳极极化曲线评价Al6061/SiCP复合材料表面稀土转化膜耐腐蚀性能的研究

本文提出了利用循环阳极极化曲线研究转化膜耐腐蚀性能的方法。介绍了 Al60 61 /Si CP复合材料表面稀土转化膜工艺。将稀土转化膜与其它转化膜的耐腐性能进行了比较。利用循环阳极极化曲线的“相对环面积”研究转化膜耐腐蚀性能能够得出很好的规律性。     

稀土和铬对铁基自熔合金涂层耐蚀性的影响

本研究着眼于考察稀土和合金成分对铁基自熔合金涂层的耐蚀性的影响,对不同成分的合金涂层进行了三酸一盐的浸蚀试验。结果表明在硫酸和硝酸溶液中,稀土的添加对合金涂层的耐蚀性有利,但在盐酸和氯化钠溶液中,稀土的添加对合金涂层耐蚀性无益。铬含量高的铁基自熔合金涂层在硝酸溶液中有优良的耐蚀性,但在硫酸和盐酸中的耐蚀性不如铬含量低的铁基自熔合金涂层。文中分析了不同合金在试验中的不同表现的原因,进而为铁基自熔合金的进一步工业应用提供有用的信息。     

Progress of Study on Application of Rare Earth Metals in Steels

With the improvement of the clean steel by degrees, the functions of rare earth metals in steel are more focused on modification of inclusions and micro alloying.The new study concerning the application of RE metals in clean steels were investigated by ICP, metallographic examination, SEM, EDS, EPMA, TEM and IMMA.The mechanism of corrosion resistance in the weather resistance steel was clarified.The mechanism of abrasion resistance and the life of fatigue enhanced in the RE - heavy rails steel were discussed.Progress in study of application of rare earth metals in steels (including weather resistance steel, low alloy steel, and heavy rails steel) was covered in this paper.     

Corrosion Resistance of High Performance Weathering Steel for Bridge Building Applications

 The mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructures of high performance steel (HPS) was investigated by tensile testing machine, Charpy V-Notch (CVN) testing machine, cyclic immersion corrosion tester, XRD, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results showed that significant differences existed in the tensile strength, yield strength and impact toughness between HPS and PCS. After 72 h cyclic immersion accelerated corrosion test, the inner rust layer on HPS was composed of α-FeOOH phase and denser than that on PCS that was a mixture of α-FeOOH and Fe3O4. The rust formed on HPS provides better protection and HPS has lower corrosion rates than PCS. Copper and chromium in HPS enrich in the rust layer and enhance the compactness of the rust layer. Based on the results of the accelerated corrosion tests and rust layer analysis, the roles of Cu and Cr against corrosion are discussed, providing HPS with chemical specification which has been industrially successful to produce weathering steel for bridge structure.     

晶粒尺寸对Corten-B型耐候钢耐大气腐蚀性能的影响

采用相同轧制工艺及不同热处理方法制备了化学成分相同而晶粒尺寸不同的3种Corten-B耐候钢试样。运用金相、周浸、锈层横截面SEM微观分析、交流阻抗测试等手段对晶粒尺寸与Corten-B型耐候钢耐工业环境下大气腐蚀性能之间的规律进行了研究。结果表明:Corten-B耐候钢晶粒尺寸从30μm减小到4μm,周浸加速腐蚀试验后锈层中裂纹和空洞的数量相应减少,腐蚀速率减小,锈层电阻Rr和反应电阻Rt增大,耐大气腐蚀性能得到提高。