SBS/PE-LD共混物的强化辐射交联研究

研究了多官能团单体的用量、官能团数目以及辐射剂量对苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物（SBS）与低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）共混物的强化辐射交联效应,测试了共混物的辐射交联程度、力学性能与形状记忆性能。结果表明,随辐射剂量的增加,SBS/PE-LD共混物的交联程度增加;多官能团单体的加入能够提高共混物的交联程度;相同辐射剂量时,官能团数目越多,交联程度越高;辐射剂量高于150 kGy时,多官能团单体的加入可以提高SBS/PE-LD共混物的拉伸强度;强化辐射交联SBS/PE LD共混物具有优异的形状记忆性能。     

化学交联PE-LD/SBS共混物的形状记忆效应研究

分别用3种不同苯乙烯含量的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(SBS)与低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)混合制成共混物,采用过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,使共混物发生化学交联形成网状结构,对交联共混物的交联度进行了分析,测试了交联共混物的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率,探讨了交联共混物的形状记忆效应。结果表明,在PE-LD/SBS共混物中,随着BPO含量的增加,共混物的交联度增大;BPO含量固定时,随着SBS中丁二烯含量的增大共混物的交联度增大;随着交联度的增加,共混物的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率均下降;当BPO含量为0.5 %～1.5 %时,交联共混物具有良好的形状记忆效应。     

共聚焦拉曼成像技术研究PE-LD/EVOH共混物的三维相结构

利用共聚焦拉曼成像技术研究了低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）共混物中各相在压塑样品水平方向、深度方向和三维空间的分布情况,首次获得了PE-LD/EVOH共混物的三维相结构,并直观地将相区与共混物化学成分相对应。结果表明,PE-LD/EVOH共混物为不相容体系;当EVOH的质量分数为20%时,其作为分散相,以较规则的圆柱体形态分散于PE-LD基体中,圆柱直径尺寸在3～6μm范围内。加入马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（PE-gMAH）作为相容剂后,共混物的相态结构发生显著变化,分散相形状由规则变为不规则,截面的平均尺寸减小到约2μm,这说明PE-g-MAH可显著增强PE-LD与EVOH两组分间的界面相容性。     

电子束辐照对乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/三元乙丙橡胶共混体系性能的影响

通过电子束辐照研究了乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（EMMA）与三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）不同共混比例材料的力学性能、硬度、交联度、结晶及形状记忆等,考察了辐照剂量和共混组分比例对材料性能的影响。结果表明,辐照提高了共混体系的力学性能和硬度,同时降低了结晶性能,这主要是由于辐照诱发了交联反应,使材料内部产生了交联结构。辐照交联为EMMA/EPDM共混物热收缩材料提供了形状回复的驱动力,但降低了形状固定率,通过控制交联度和结晶相所占比例,能够得到综合性能好的热收缩材料。当EMMA/EPDM（质量比）达到或高于3/7、辐照剂量控制在40~80 k Gy时,能够制备出满足基本要求的热收缩材料。     

共混型TPU/LDPE交联体系的制备与性能

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)及低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为基体,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,采用熔融共混技术制备了具有交联结构的TPU/LDPE形状记忆共混物,并对共混物的凝胶含量、力学性能、形状记忆性能进行了研究。结果表明,DCP的加入使共混物的凝胶含量增大、力学性能提高,并在DCP的质量分数为0.3%时,TPU/LDPE共混物的力学性能达到最佳。形状记忆性能研究表明,DCP的加入使TPU/LDPE共混物的形状回复率呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在DCP的质量分数为0.5%时形状回复率达到最大。TPU/LDPE共混物形状固定率的变化趋势与形状回复率基本相反。相比于纯TPU,DCP的加入使TPU/LDPE共混物的形状回复率和形状固定率均有所上升。而且,TPU/LDPE共混物的拉伸应变越低,形状回复率越高。     

植物油多元醇与L赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯原位单体反应型增韧聚乳酸

以可生物降解的植物油多元醇（HM10100）和L-赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯（LDI）作为反应性增韧单体,熔融共混过程中原位形成与聚乳酸（PLA）基体相容性良好、且分散均匀的交联聚氨酯弹性体增韧相,最终制备出一种新型全生物降解的增韧PLA材料,分别研究了2种反应型增韧单体总质量含量和它们之间异氰酸酯基团与羟基的等当量比（nNCO/nOH）对PLA共混物力学、结晶性能及冲击断面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,当2种增韧单体总含量为40 %（质量分数,下同）且nNCO/nOH =1:0.8时,共混物的缺口冲击强度最高,约为纯PLA的3.5倍;随着2种增韧单体总含量和官能团摩尔比的增加,共混物中PLA组分的冷结晶温度(Tcc)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)增加。     

线形聚丙烯/低密度聚乙烯发泡体系的结晶行为研究

通过差式扫描量热仪研究了不同比例线形聚丙烯/低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD）共混发泡体系的结晶熔融行为和非等温结晶动力学,并使用热台偏光显微镜对线形PP/PE-LD共混发泡体系的结晶形态进行了表征。结果表明,PE-LD的加入会降低线形PP的结晶峰温和绝对结晶度,但对其熔融行为影响不显著;而通过非等温结晶动力学研究表明,PE-LD支链的成核作用,改变线形PP结晶过程中的成核和增长方式能够增加球晶数的同时降低球晶半径,形成的晶核具有物理交联点作用,有效地提高了共混物的熔体强度,增加了共混体系的可发性。     

辐射增强PP/TAIC(TMPTMA)/PE共混体系相界面反应的研究——(Ⅰ)多官能团单体对形态结构及力学性能的影响

本研究中采用三烯丙基异腈脲酸酯(TAIC)和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)为PP/PE共混体系的多官能团单体。研究了辐照剂量,多官能团单体种类和多官能团单体用量对共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响。发现TAIC及TMPTMA对PP/PE体系有较好的增容作用,共混物具有好的相容性,力学性能得到改善。     

PP/LLDPE/SBS交联共混体系增韧机理的研究

采用两步交联法制备了PP／LLDPE／SBS交联共混物，用SEM和TEM分析了交联前后共混物形态结构的变化。结果发现，交联作用将SBS牵入到PE分子链之间。SBS不仅分布在PE分子的周围，形成SBS-PE包埋结构；而且可以牵人到PE分子内部，在一般加工条件下，成功地形成“包埋 网贯”结构，大大地强化了PP、PE两相间的界面粘合。当受到外力作用时，共混物的断裂表面形成一种贯穿网络结构，未出现明显的相分离现象，交联作用强化了共混物各组分间界面的粘合。     

水刺激响应丁腈橡胶/聚乙二醇形状记忆共混物的制备与性能

制备了水刺激响应丁腈橡胶（NBR）/聚乙二醇(PEO)形状记忆共混物,考察了NBR与PEO共混比对共混物硫化特性、吸水性、物理机械性能和形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明,在NBR/PEO形状记忆共混物中,随着PEO用量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度、硬度及吸水率均有所提高,但交联密度和扯断伸长率都呈下降趋势,形状记忆固定率明显升高,而形状记忆回复率则有所下降。当NBR与PEO的质量比为40/60时共混物具有最佳的水刺激响应形状记忆性能。     

Thermo-responsive shape memory properties based on polylactic acid and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer

This study aims to compare thermal, mechanical, and shape memory behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) blended with different structures of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS), namely linear SBS (L-SBS), and radial SBS (R-SBS). The amount of L-SBS and R-SBS added was varied between 10 and 70 wt%, and the blending process was carried out using an internal mixer at 180°C before the shaping process by the compression molding. An improvement in the degree of crystallinity was observed across the entire composition range with less pronounced transition temperature change. Tensile strength and modulus of PLA/L-SBS blends were higher than PLA/R-SBS blends across all composition ranges. The results also revealed that the shape fixing ratio (R_f) and recovery ratio (R_r) of PLA/L-SBS were higher than PLA/R-SBS, with PLA70/SBS30 showed the best shape memory behavior. The morphology characteristics of the blend were also examined with the scanning electron microscope.     

PP/LLDPE交联共混物的力学性能研究

采用两步交联加工法制备出具有优良力学性能的PP／LLDPE共混物。实验表明：当m(PP)／m(LLDPE)／m(SBS)／m(交联剂)为80／20／10／3时，交联共混物的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到466．3J／m、27．1MPa和715．1％，比未交联的共混物分别提高262％、8．28％和115％；交联作用的存在使共混物的脆韧转变点明显提前；随交联剂用量的增加，共混物的力学性能不断提高，但增大趋势逐渐变小。     

Multiple shape memory effects of trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene and low‐density polyethylene blends

A novel series of shape memory blends of trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (TPI) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared using a simple physical blending method. The mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties of the blends were studied and schemes proposed to explain their dual and triple shape memory behaviors. It was found that the microstructures played an important role in the shape memory process. In TPI/LDPE blends, both the TPI crosslinking network and LDPE crystalline regions could work as fixed domains, while crystalline regions of LDPE or TPI could act as reversible domains. The shape memory behaviors were determined by the components of the fixed and reversible domains. When the blend ratio of TPI/LDPE was 50/50, the blends showed excellent dual and triple shape memory properties with both high shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Application of phase dispersion–crosslinking synergism on recycling commingled plastic wastes

A tetra‐component blend, consisting of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), was studied as a model system of commingled plastic wastes (LDPE/PVC/PP/PS, mass ratio: 70/10/10/10). Effects of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM), styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), and their mixture (CPE/EPDM/SBS, mass ratio: 2/2/2) on the mechanical properties and morphology of the system were investigated. With addition of several elastomers and their mixture, the tensile strength of the blends decreased slightly, although both the elongation at break and the impact strength increased. Among these elastomers, EPDM exhibited the most significant impact modification effect for the tetra‐component blends. SBS and the mixture have a good phase‐dispersion effect for the tetra‐component blend. By adding a crosslinking agent [dicumyl peroxide (DCP)], the mechanical properties of the tetra‐component blends also increased. When either SBS or the mixture was added to the blend together with DCP, the probability that the crosslinking agent (DCP) would be at the interface improved because of the phase‐dispersion effect of SBS. Therefore, more co‐crosslinked products will form between LDPE and other components. Accordingly, remarkable improvement of the interfacial adhesion and hence the mechanical properties of the tetra‐component blends occurred. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2947–2952, 2001     

Preparation and characterization of shape memory polymer networks based on carboxylated telechelic poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/epoxidized natural rubber blends

Shape memory polymer networks were prepared from blends of end-carboxylated telechelic poly(?-caprolactone) (XPCL) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The XPCL/ENR blends can form cross linked structure via interchain reaction between the reactive groups of each polymer during molding at high temperature. Degree of crosslinking of the blend network and their thermomechanical properties were characterized by gel content measurement, DSC and DMA. We found that the degree of crosslinking and crystalline melting transition temperatures was dependent upon the blend compositions as well as the molecular weight of the XPCL segment in the blends. The blends showed a good shape memory behavior such as good shape fixity as well as a high final recovery rate when they exhibit crystalline melting transition with a sufficiently high degree of crosslinking. And the response temperature of the recovery was well matched with T_m of the samples.     

增容剂PE-LD-g-MAH对低密度聚乙烯／木质素共混体系性能的影响

研究了低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)与马来酸酐(MAH)的接枝共聚物PE-LD-g-MAH对低密度聚乙烯/木质素共混体系微观形态、流变行为、热性能和力学性能的影响。DSC-TC综合热分析表明,添加增容剂的共混体系的熔融温度降低,热稳定性提高;流变性能分析表明,共混体系的加工性能良好;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示,添加增容剂后木质素分散相尺寸明显减小,分散程度提高;PE-g-MAH可以有效提高低密度聚乙烯/木质素吹塑薄膜的力学性能,且当木质素、低密度聚乙烯和PE-LD-g-MAH质量比为25/75/10时,力学性能最优。     

Compatibilization of polystyrene and low density polyethylene blends by a two-step crosslinking process

A new method has been developed to compatibilize the blends of polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE). Polyethylene is first crosslinked partially by using a small amount of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in a mixer at 165°C. Then the crosslinked PE is melt-blended with PS for another 5 min. Finally, a styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer (SBS) is added to the melt and mixed for another 5 min. We refer to this special procedure as the two-step crosslinking process. During the final mixing step of this process, the residual free radicals in the PE react with SBS. The crosslinking that occurs between PE and SBS has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the blends including the impact strength, the tensile modulus, and the elongation-at-break. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that the interfacial adhesion is increased significantly, even though the domain sizes have not changed significantly in comparison with the non-crosslinked system. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicate that a thin SBS interfacial layer fully encapsulates the PE particles. This method could also be applied to other blend systems containing at least one component and a compatibilizer that are crosslinkable.     

反应挤出熔融接枝改性淀粉/PE-LD发泡材料的制备及性能研究

将热塑性淀粉分别与6种小分子单体及引发剂熔融挤出制备接枝改性淀粉。红外光谱和接枝率的研究表明,采用熔融挤出接枝的方法可以使小分子单体与淀粉发生接枝反应,丙烯酸与淀粉的接枝率最高为2.4%;采用XRD、哈克流变仪和偏光显微镜等分析了熔融接枝改性淀粉/低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)共混物的结晶性能、流动性能和发泡性能。结果表明,接枝改性增加了淀粉和 PE-LD 的相容性,使淀粉基发泡材料的密度降低、泡孔均匀度提高,其中用丙烯酸接枝的淀粉/PE-LD 发泡材料的各项性能均较好,丙烯酸的最佳用量为3份。