福岛核事故场外环境修复综述及启示

概述了日本福岛核事故后放射性物质的释放和沉积情况。归纳综述了日本福岛核事故后场外环境修复的方针、环境修复法规、环境修复计划以及环境修复的进展和现状。最后提出了我国今后在核事故发生后对于场外放射性环境修复过程中需要关注和探讨的问题。     

NBS环境放射性标准物质SRM4350B的γ能谱分析

一、引言环境放射性测量,由于放射性含量低,核素成份复杂,环境介质成份,密度变化很大,很难得到准确的数据。为了减少分析的系统误差,环境放射性分析中往往采用环境放射性标准物质和参考物质。1973IAEA(国际原子能机构),1975NBS(美国国家标准局)开始发布环境放射性标准物质和参考物质。我国也开展了与环境放射性参考物质有关的工作。1982年中国计量科学院组织NBS河泥标准放射性参考物质的比对。1984年七所组织核工部环境样品γ能谱测量和比对。国防科工委放射性计量一级站获     

铀矿床和全球构造环境

研究与矿床形成有关的构造环境的主要目的,是为了了解在各种环境中形成的岩石的成矿前景和成矿环境的可能位置。构造环境是控矿的最基本要素,铀矿床也不例外,按全球构造环境可将各种矿床(包括铀矿床)作进一步分类,表1列举了铀矿床的全球构造类型。     

建筑外窗节能设计及其应用

文章论述了建筑外窗的设计是建筑节能的重要组成部分。为营造良好的工作、居住生活环境,建筑外窗要满足节能,还要与居住环境、建筑采光系数、通风系统结合起来,发挥外窗的功能特性。阐述了外窗功能对建筑的节能、空气质量、热环境、声环境、光环境的影响与改善作用。     

在役环境下典型核设备疲劳累积使用因子的计算

核设备设计寿命的计算需要考虑在役环境的影响,但由于当前通用各规范疲劳曲线均未涉及在役环境影响,因此可通过环境因子对疲劳累积使用因子进行修正。在环境因子修正过程中,提出3种不同的参数值修正方法。基于上述方法对疲劳累积使用因子进行修正,同时与空气环境下疲劳累积使用因子进行对比。对比发现,考虑在役环境的疲劳累积使用因子比空气环境中疲劳累积使用因子有明显提高。另外,对热-结构场结果直接进行环境因子的参数值转化比瞬态组合后进行参数值转化更为保守。     

美国核电厂执照更新中电气设备环境鉴定现状及对我国的启示

鉴于我国没有电气设备环境鉴定方面的法律、法规,同时国内核电厂在电气设备环境鉴定方面经验积累较少,文章对美国核电厂的电气设备环境鉴定文件体系进行了梳理,阐述了美国核电厂执照更新中电气设备环境鉴定实践,对比了中美两国在环境鉴定方面的管理体系与实践,找到它们之间的差异并给出了建议,希望借此为大亚湾核电厂许可证延续中的环境鉴定工作理清思路。     

DEC—未来的IHEP计算环境

本文从高参物理计算环境建设的角度结合ＩＨＥＰ网络中ＢＥＳ环境改进扩展的历程概要的探讨了计算环境的发展情况。文章的后一部分基于当前分布式计算的发展趋势简要的提出了ＩＨＥＰ计算环境向分布式计算发展的方向。     

环境放射化学研究中几个问题的讨论

本文从辐射环境保护和公众辐射防护的角度，讨论了放射性核素在环境中的迁移行为，放射性核素与环境介质的相互作用和放射性核素在环境中的形态等涉及到环境放射化学研究方向的问题，并讨论了它们之间相互依存的关系。     

DCE—未来的 IHEP 计算环境

本文从高能物理计算环境建设的角度结合ＩＨＥＰ网络中ＢＥＳ环境改进扩展的历程概要的探讨了计算环境的发展情况。文章的后一部分基于当前分布式计算的发展趋势简要的提出了今后ＩＨＥＰ计算环境向分布式计算发展的方向。     

中国原子能科学研究院地区地表水环境辐射容量

论述了环境辐射容量的含义及确定环境辐射容量的方法学。在收集有关中国原子能科学研究院地区气象，水文以及居民对环境的使用因子等基础资料，开发有关计算机程序等的基础上，计算了该地区地表水体的环境辐射容量。同时，对转移参数进行了灵敏度分析。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.