Application of New Boride Cermet Coating to Forming of Glass Sheets

New boride cermet coatings have been developed. These cermets consist of Mo-system ternary boride and iron-gr. metal. MoCoB-Co/Cr cermets have a very low friction coefficient with glass at high temperature. The cermet coating has been applied in a glass forming process, and the productive efficiency of the process is improved substantially.     

Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷的制备与燃烧合成反应控制

应用燃烧合成法制备Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷,通过添加稀释剂Al2O3和反应性添加物TiO2控制燃烧合成反应,并探讨了其对金属陶瓷组织结构的影响。利用Al-Fe2O3助燃体系控制热爆反应的起始温度,使热爆反应在1050K左右进行,制备了Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷的中空件,并获得了金属相细小、均匀分布于陶瓷基体中的Co-Al2O3金属陶瓷。     

Effect of Ni content on corrosion behavior of Ni/（10NiO-90NiFe2O4） cermet inert anode

Ni/（10NiO-90NiFe2O4） cermet inert anodes with metal Ni content of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 （mass fraction, %） were prepared and their corrosion behavior in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts was investigated in laboratory electrolysis tests. The results indicate that the content of metal Ni in anodes has little effect on the steady-state concentration of impurities Ni and Fe in electrolyte and the values range in （114-173）×10^-6 and （287-385）×10^-6, but the content of impurities in the metal aluminum manifolds. There is preferential corrosion for metal Ni in NiO-NiFe2O4 based cermet anodes. Considering the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, the cermet containing 5%Ni （mass fraction） behaves best among NiO-NiFe2O4 based cermet anodes studied, and should be further studied.     

Ablation resistance of tungsten carbide cermets under extreme conditions

A cobalt-free tungsten carbide cermet (WC-FeNi) has been subjected to oxyacetylene flame tests to simulate extreme operating conditions such as a worst-case fusion reactor accident. In such an accident, air-ingress to the reactor may impinge on components operating at surface temperatures in excess of 1000 °C, leading to tungsten oxide formation and its subsequent hazardous volatilisation. Here, the most challenging accident stage has been simulated, where the initial air-ingress could lead to extremely rapid air-flow rates. These conditions were simulated using an oxidising oxyacetylene flame. The separation between flame nozzle and sample was varied to permit peak surface temperatures of ~950–1400 °C. When the peak temperature was below 1300 °C, the cermet gained mass due to the dominance of oxide scale formation. Above 1300 °C, the samples transitioned into a mass loss regime. The mass loss regime was dominated by liquid-phase ablation of the scale rather than its volatilisation, which was confirmed by performing a systematic thermogravimetric kinetic analysis. The result was unexpected as in other candidate shielding materials, e.g. metallic tungsten, volatilisation is considered the primary dispersion mechanism. The unusual behaviour of the cermet scale is explained by its relatively low melting point and by the lower volatility of its FeWO₄ scale compared to tungsten's WO₃ scale. The substantially lower volatility of the WC cermet scale compared to metallic W scales indicates it may have a superior accident tolerance.     

Plasma Sprayed Metal-Ceramic Coatings and Modification of Their Structure with Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation

Composite powder obtained from mechanically crushed titanium carbide—metal binder cermet compacts deserves special mention for plasma spraying of wear-resistant coatings. However, cermet coatings sprayed using this powder have comparatively high porosity. The porosity causes the mechanical strength of the coating to largely deteriorate, and it also lowers the strength of the bond between the coating and the substrate. Computational and physical experiments were performed in this area to reveal the possibilities offered by pulsed electron beam irradiation for structural modification of 70 vol.%TiC-(Ni-Cr) powder coatings. The authors evaluated optimal values of process parameters for suitability in implementing a controlled thermal treatment of coatings under conditions of solid-liquid interaction of components in the cermet composition with each other and with the steel substrate. Evolution of the structure and physical properties of the cermet coatings under rapid heating and following cooling in a wide range of temperatures typical of pulsed irradiation conditions have been examined.     

稀土在金属陶瓷/铜基合金复合堆焊材料中的变质作用

运用扫描电镜和透射电镜试验观察与理论计算分析相结合 ,研究了WC基金属陶瓷 /铜基合金复合堆焊材料中稀土La对堆焊层的变质和净化作用。研究结果表明 ,稀土La与氧作用形成高熔点的稀土化合物 ,作为铜基合金非均匀形核的核心是有效的 ,能抑制晶粒长大而细化组织。稀土元素具有脱氧作用 ,减少氧化物夹杂 ,消除缺陷 ,提高堆焊层的冲击韧性。具有高能表面的稀土化合物质点 ,促使金属陶瓷与铜基合金界面上形成微晶过渡层 ,提高界面结合强度     

SiC晶须增韧WC陶瓷刀具材料的研究

通过正交试验法对WC/SiCw陶瓷复合材料进行了成分和热压工艺参数优化,经优化制备的该类复合材料与纯WC材料相比,弯曲强度提高了约50%,断裂韧性提高了30%￣40%,维氏硬度提高了10%￣15%。切削试验表明,本试验制得的WC/SiCw复合陶瓷刀具材料的车削性能优于同类型硬质合金材料,表明通过SiCw替代金属粘结相来增韧补强WC陶瓷刀具材料的方法是可行的。     

铝电解用NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷惰性阳极的制备

以高温固相合成法合成的NiFe2O4陶瓷粉体和金属Cu粉为原料, 采用冷压-烧结法制备了Cu含量在5%～20%之间的NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷惰性阳极, 研究了烧结气氛和烧结温度对其物相组成、微观形貌和基本物理性能的影响. 结果表明 通过控制烧结气氛中氧分压在NiO和Cu2O的离解反应平衡氧分压之间, 可以制备出具有目标物相组成的NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷; 烧结温度和保温时间对所得NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷的相对密度有较大影响; NiFe2O4和Cu之间的不润湿性限制了NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷烧结温度的提高和保温时间的延长, 在保证金属相分布均匀且不溢出的前提下, 所制备的NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷的相对密度较小; 金属相Cu含量越高, NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷最高烧结温度越低、最长保温时间越短, 从而相对密度越低、孔隙率越高; 除了尽量降低金属相含量外, 还可向NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷中添加其他金属如Ni和Co等, 以改善陶瓷相与金属相之间的润湿性, 以提高烧结温度, 进而提高其相对密度和耐腐蚀性能.     

渗硼对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了纳米改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,并用固体粉末法对其进行了渗硼处理。研究了渗硼处理对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织以及抗弯强度和硬度的影响。结果表明:渗硼处理使Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中生成了CoB、TiB2、MoB2和石墨相。金属陶瓷的渗硼层由硼化物层、扩散层和基体区组成,厚度为100～140μm。硼化物层主要由CoB组成,扩散层含有较多孔隙,基体区存在富硼的渗硼影响区,影响区具有与Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷近似的微观组织,但金属相含量较少。渗硼处理使Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度降低,主要是由材料中产生的热应力、组织应力以及组织变化引起的。Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的表面硬度提高48.7%。在由渗硼层表面向内部100～140μm范围内,硬度呈下降趋势。     

Effects of WC particle size on densification and properties of spark plasma sintered WC–Co cermet

The WC–Co cermet bulks were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using powder mixtures with different-scaled WC particles. The SPS densification process was studied by calculating the current distribution between the powder sample and the die in the SPS system. The microstructures were characterized and compared for different samples by the WC grain size, Co mean free path and contiguity of WC grains. In spite of a weak effect of WC particle size on the SPS densification stages, the WC particle size plays a significant role in the homogeneity of the cermet microstructure. Good mechanical properties of the SPSed cermet were obtained with an optimized WC and Co particle-size combination. The effects of scale combination of WC and Co particles on the microstructure hence the properties of the SPSed cermet were discussed.     

烧结气氛对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响

本文运用XRD和SEM等对比研究了烧结气氛对Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷相组成、显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当烧结温度为1250℃,保温时间为40min时,真空烧结后,金属陶瓷可获得较均匀的显微组织和较佳的力学性能,抗弯强度为1774MPa,硬度为90.4HRA;氩气气氛烧结时,由于碳不能完全除去粉末颗粒表面和B2O3中的氧,降低了烧结过程中液相对硬质相颗粒的润湿性,从而导致金属陶瓷的力学性能明显降低;氮气气氛烧结时,粘结相Fe与氮气发生反应生成了Fe3N,导致烧结过程中没有出现液相,未能得到致密的烧结体。     

Tungsten carbide coatings with different binders prepared by low power plasma spray system

Thermal spraying of cermet coatings is widely used for protection of machining parts against wear and corrosion. These coatings consist of WC particles in metal binders such as Co, Cr and Ni. Three kinds of WC powders with different metal binders (Co, NiCr and CoCr) were sprayed by low power plasma spray system on Al-Si-Cu alloy substrate. Fundamental aspects of sprayed cermet coatings, including (i) the effects of binder type on the coating structure, (ii) the hardness and (iii) the microstructure, were investigated. All cermet coatings have the same phase structure such as WC and W2 C. However, the intensities of these phases are different in each coating, mainly due to the difference in solidification rate in each case. Moreover, the hardness measurements are found to be different in each coating. The results show that, binder type has a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the sprayed coatings.     

铝电解惰性阳极材料研究新进展

惰性阳极由于存在许多的优点，一直是铝工业界关注的热点。本文论述了铝电解中使用惰性阳极的意义和对惰性阳极提出的要求。综述了国内外近年来在惰性阳极方面所做的研究，包括金属氧化物陶瓷阳极、合金阳极、金属陶瓷阳极。主要介绍了近年来研究比较多的金属陶瓷阳极的研究进展，阐述了各种阳极仍存在的问题。     

Preliminary testing of NiFe2O4-NiO-Ni cermet as inert anode in Na3AlF6-AlF3 melts

1 Introduction It is well known that the current aluminum reduction cell with carbon consumable anode has many disadvantages. So the concept of inert anode was introduced, with which the disadvantages can be avoided completely. A lot of research work has…     

EFFECT OF Cu-Ni CONTENT ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF （Cu-Ni）/（10NiO-90NiFe204） CERMET INERT ANODE FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS

（Cu-Ni）/（10NiO-90NiFe204） cermet inert anodes containing metal Cu-Ni0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt pct were prepared and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts was investigated. The results indicate that the content of metal Cu-Ni has little effect on the steady-state concentration of Ni in the electrolyte and the values could not be used to effectively differentiate their corrosion resistance. The steady-state concentration of Fe decreases from 304×10^-6 to 168×10^-6 and that of Cu increases from 21×10^-6 to 71×10^-6 with the content of metal Cu-Ni increasing from 0 to 20 wt pct. Post-examination shows that metallic phase Cu-Ni is corroded preferentially during electrolysis and many pores are left at the anode surface. Considering the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, the cermet containing metal Cu-Ni 5 wt pct should be selected and studied further.     

Microstructure and shear strength of the brazed joint of Ti（C,N）-based cermet to steel

Firm joins were obtained between Ti(C,N)-based cermet and steel with Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni filler metal by vacuum brazing. The effects of technological parameters such as brazing temperature, holding time, and filler thickness on the shear strength of the joints were investigated. The microstructure of welded area and the reaction products of the filler metal were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallographic microscope (OM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The brazing temperature of 870°C, holding time of 15 min, and filler thickness of 0.4 mm are a set of optimum technological parameters, under which the maximum shear strength of the joints, 176.5 MPa, is achieved. The results of microstructure show that the wettability of the filler metal on Ti(C,N)-based cermet and steel is well. A mutual solution layer and a diffusion layer exist between the welding base materials and the filler metal.     

Research on Wear Behavior of ATC Cermet Material

THE PROGRESS of MODERN cutting tools R/D is onrequest of industrial demand,including the propertiesoptimization of tool material,improvement of toolreliability during cutting process and capabilitiesrequirement of dry cutting aimed at cleanmanufacturing.Ceramics,due to their excellentproperties,such as good wear and corrosion resistance,high melting point,high hardness,antioxidationbehavior at high temperature,etc.,have been widelyused in many fields**.For example,in cutting highhardnes…     

EFFECT OF Cu-Ni CONTENT ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF (Cu-Ni)/(10NiO-90NiFe2O4) CERMET INERT ANODE FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS

(Cu-Ni)/(10NiO-9ONiFe2O4 ) cermet inert anodes containing metal Cu-Ni 0,5, 10, 15 and 20 wt pet were prepared and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts was investigated. The results indicate that the content of metal Cu-Ni has little effect on the steady-state concentration of Ni in the electrolyte and the values could not be used to effectively differentiate their corrosion resistance. The steady-state concentration of Fe decreases from 304×10-8 to 168×10-6 and that of Cu increases from 21×10-6 to 71×10-6 with the content of metal Cu-Ni increasing from 0 to 20 wt pct. Post-examination shows that metallic phase Cu-Ni is corroded preferentially during electrolysis and many pores are left at the anode surface. Considering the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, the cermet containing metal Cu-Ni 5 wt pct should be selected and studied further.     

Early high-temperature oxidation behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with multi-component AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy binder

The early high-temperature oxidation behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets with equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy binder has been studied, as well as the cermet with Ni/Co binder as a reference. Experiments were performed at the temperature range of 800–1100 °C in static laboratory air. The micro-structural evolution of the multi-layered oxide scales on the cermets was investigated and the effect of binder phase constituent on the oxidation characteristics of Ti(C,N)-based cermets was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the cermet with AlCoCrFeNi multi-element alloy binder possesses superior oxidation resistance, which is greatly better than that of the cermet with Ni/Co metallic binder under the same condition. We suggest that the formation of a continuous and dense external oxide scale can effectively impede the outward diffusion of volatile tungsten oxides and inward oxygen transport, leading to a remarkable improvement of oxidation resistance. In addition, the enhanced oxidation resistance was related to the high Cr and Al concentration in AlCoCrFeNi binder phase that urges the formation of oxide layers with more efficient passivation effect against oxidation.     

添加剂BaO对铝电解用xCu/（10NiO-NiFe_2O_4）金属陶瓷惰性阳极腐蚀性能的影响

制备铝电解用xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）和1BaO-xCu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）（x=5,10,17）金属陶瓷惰性阳极,在传统电解质中以电流密度1.0A/cm2进行实验室电解腐蚀实验。结果表明：金属Cu被腐蚀,在阳极表面留下了许多孔洞从而导致在电解过程中电解质向阳极内部渗透;金属陶瓷5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）,1BaO-10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）和1BaO-17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）的腐蚀速率分别为2.15,6.50,8.30,4.88,4.70和4.48cm/a;添加剂BaO对10Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）和17Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）金属陶瓷的抗腐蚀性能是有利的,因为添加剂BaO能有效提高其致密度从而提高其抗腐蚀性能;但BaO对5Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4）金属陶瓷的抗腐蚀性能是不利的,可能是因为聚集在晶界的添加剂BaO加速了金属陶瓷的腐蚀。