Ti-60钛合金电子束焊接接头高温下的失效与变形行为

在600℃拉伸条件下,Ti-60钛合金电子束焊接接头的熔合区和热影响区抗变形能力强于母材区(BM),试样断裂于母材区.在600℃持久条件下,当加载应力≤550 MPa时,接头变形以扩散控制的位错攀移为主,变形能力取决于显微组织中的板条边界密度,板条越细,边界密度越高,变形能力越大,断裂位置在接头熔合区;当加载应力接近或550 MPa(母材区屈服强度附近)时,接头的变形以位错滑移为主,断裂位置在母材区.在600℃高周疲劳条件下,疲劳裂纹易萌生于接头母材区,裂纹形核位置在试样的表面或次表面. TEM观察表明,接头母材区的变形以贯穿板条集束的位错滑移为主;而接头熔合区中的位错则局限在单个马氏体板条内部,位错运动特征为攀移及少量滑移.     

FV520B钢十字焊接接头的疲劳性能

用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察了FV520B钢焊接接头母材、焊缝及热影响区的微观组织;并通过透射电镜给出了母材和焊缝的微观形貌。结果表明:母材组织为细小均匀的回火马氏体、弥散分布的析出相及高密度位错,而焊缝为粗大的板条马氏体及少量的析出相,说明母材力学性能优于焊缝。利用疲劳实验获得了高平均拉应力下接头的疲劳强度及S-N曲线等。通过对疲劳断口的观察,发现疲劳断裂主要有两种形式:破坏于焊趾处和焊接缺陷处,由于这里严重的应力集中,加速了疲劳裂纹的萌生。     

大厚度TC4钛合金超窄间隙激光填丝焊接头组织性能研究

采用激光填丝焊接方法进行96 mm厚TC4钛合金板超窄间隙焊接,并对焊接接头进行了组织和性能分析。研究发现:焊缝整体呈钉形,没有出现气孔、裂纹及侧壁未熔合等焊接缺陷;焊缝区域主要由大量细长针状α’马氏体相互交织构成;焊接接头上中下3部分热影响区宽度、焊缝区域中α’马氏体板条宽度和位错密度呈递减趋势;焊接接头下部焊缝区域的α’马氏体晶界取向差在55°~65°的大角度晶界分布较中部和上部焊缝区域组织中略少一些;上中下3部分焊接接头中的焊缝区域显微硬度均明显高于热影响区和母材;沿壁厚方向焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材相当,焊接接头断裂位置均位于硬度值较高的焊缝处;最大局部应变出现在焊接接头下部中靠近母材的焊缝区域,局部应变值达到26.3%,而最小的局部应变值出现在焊接接头上部靠近母材的焊缝区,局部应变值约为14.5%。     

热处理工艺对CLAM钢电子束焊缝显微组织与冲击韧性的影响

对聚变堆用中国低活化马氏体钢（CLAM钢）进行了真空电子束焊接试验,并对接头进行了回火和调质处理．利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及透射电镜（TEM）对焊缝热处理前后的显微组织进行了观察,并对焊缝进行了室温冲击试验．结果表明,焊态下,焊缝由粗大板条马氏体和δ铁素体构成,其冲击韧性较差;回火处理后,马氏体组织转变为回火马氏体组织,δ铁素体保存下来,且其晶界聚集了大量M23C6型碳化物．碳化物地聚集使得δ铁素体与原奥氏体晶界的结合减弱,在受到外部载荷作用时,裂纹易于萌生和扩展,故回火后焊缝冲击韧性未得到改善;调质处理消除了δ铁素体,焊缝组织转变为和母材相同的回火马氏体组织,焊缝冲击韧性显著提高．     

深窄间隙焊接接头疲劳性能试验研究

通过高周疲劳试验,测定了大厚壁NiCrMoV钢深窄间隙埋弧焊焊接接头的S-N特征曲线.疲劳试验发现,疲劳试样断裂位置多发生在焊缝处,并对疲劳断口进行了SEM分析.发现疲劳裂纹源出现在材料内部,焊缝的裂纹源多萌生于焊接缺陷处,非金属夹杂是造成母材疲劳裂纹形核的原因.试验得出了该焊接接头的条件疲劳强度(N=5×107)为405 MPa,从而为结构设计工作人员提供了技术依据;严格控制焊接缺陷可改善整个接头的疲劳性能.     

电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V接头断裂行为机制

研究了电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V接头组织结构形态对断裂行为机制的影响。焊缝组织为大量柱状晶和等轴晶以及少量的板条马氏体，粗大的针状d β相和马氏体α’相呈现出多向短针状，焊缝晶粒尺寸为200～350μm，焊缝区的显微硬度值达到536HV，焊缝晶粒粗大严重增加了组织的脆性，使其断裂易发生在焊缝区域。焊缝内部的部分微气孔充当着裂纹的起始源，同时由于气孔分布的不均匀性使其断裂裂纹的扩展路径为非直线分支型。由于α/β两相的线膨胀系数的差异，焊缝中存在的两相交错结构，亦使其断裂发生在／βα界面附近处。层错结构的存在造成强烈的位错塞积产生微孔，成为新的裂纹开裂源。     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性及寿命预测(英文)

研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性,提出基于疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的寿命预测模型。母材、热影响区和焊缝三个区域内的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小。在这三个区域内,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳总寿命之比是一个依赖于材料的参数,对于母材、热影响区和焊缝分别为26.32%、40.21%和60.67%。提出的疲劳寿命预测模型与实验结果和Basquin’s模型预测结果吻合良好。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口进行观察,发现焊缝区域的裂纹萌生于焊接过程中产生的光滑表面。热影响区内疲劳裂纹萌生于熔合区气孔。母材中破碎的第二相是引起疲劳裂纹的主要原因。     

电子束焊接Ti-6AI-4V接头断裂行为机制

研究了电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V接头组织结构形态对断裂行为机制的影响.焊缝组织为大量柱状晶和等轴晶以及少量的板条马氏体,粗大的针状α+β相和马氏体α'相呈现出多向短针状,焊缝晶粒尺寸为200～350 μm,焊缝区的显微硬度值达到536 HV,焊缝晶粒粗大严重增加了组织的脆性,使其断裂易发生在焊缝区域.焊缝内部的部分微气孔充当着裂纹的起始源,同时由于气孔分布的不均匀性使其断裂裂纹的扩展路径为非直线分支型.由于α/β两相的线膨胀系数的差异,焊缝中存在的两相交错结构,亦使其断裂发生在α/β界面附近处.层错结构的存在造成强烈的位错塞积产生微孔,成为新的裂纹开裂源.     

TC4钛合金激光焊接接头力学行为的原位研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM)原位拉伸法观察TC4钛合金激光焊接接头各微区孔洞形核与成长、损伤与断裂行为,研究接头微观组织对其损伤和断裂行为的影响。结果表明:焊缝区裂纹形核于晶内孪晶、滑移线与晶界交汇处,主裂纹形成直至最终断裂;热影响区多裂纹起裂,单一裂纹扩展至最终断裂;母材区孔洞优先形核于相界面及晶界区域,缺口前端孔洞群相互贯穿直至最终断裂。当应变超过0.023时,母材区及热影响区靠近母材一侧从协调变形向以界面微孔洞的行核与聚合为主转化;焊缝区粗大晶粒内部网篮状马氏体存在且晶界面积较小,导致变形机制未发生改变,促使其力学性能低于焊缝的。     

TC4钛合金微束等离子弧焊接接头疲劳性能研究

运用微束等离子弧焊接方法对TC4钛合金薄板进行堆焊,通过测试母材及焊接接头在振动载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率发现,焊接接头的抗裂纹扩展能力比母材强。观察并分析母材及焊接接头的金相组织及疲劳断口可知,焊缝区的网篮组织中存在许多细长α′针状马氏体,会阻碍裂纹的扩展,提高焊缝抗裂纹扩展能力;热影响区组织中的α′针状马氏体比焊缝区数量更多,形态更加短小,是其拥有比焊缝区更好的抗裂纹扩展性能的原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.