用氧气活性污泥法处理焦化废水

焦炉产生的剩余氨水通常是经蒸馏脱氨后进行活性污泥处理。在活性污泥处理中,曝气方法一般是使用空气,用鼓风机升压,再用曝气管曝气或用充气器对曝气槽表面进行表面曝气。用空气处理活性污泥的方法较多,但在高负荷状态下,处理的稳定性不好,只用现有废水处理设备很难应对未来附属化学设备废水负荷的增加和剩余污泥减少而造成的负荷增加。而采用空气活性污泥法解决上述问题时,则需新建曝气设备,既占用场地,又增加建设费用。作为改造现有设备和提高处理能力的方法之一,可采用氧气活性污泥法。此法是用纯氧代替空气,在高负荷状态下进行稳定的运…     

新型磷营养药剂在造纸废水生化系统中的实验

在造纸废水生化段投加生物活性磷替代传统磷营养剂,改善了活性污泥SVI,提高了污泥沉降性能,丰富了活性污泥中微生物种类,增强了系统抗高负荷废水冲击能力,生化段CODCr去除率上升1.9%,出口总磷＜0.1 mg/L.     

活性污泥法生化池容积计算方法的使用体会

活性污泥法生化池容积常用的计算方法有污泥负荷法、容积负荷法和泥龄法,污泥负荷法和容积负荷法是传统的计算方法,虽然仍可使用,但已有一定的局限性。泥龄法在理论解释和设计参数取值的准确度方面都比污泥负荷法和容积负荷法更好,因此近年来使用越来越普遍。如何准确地计算生物处理系统活性污泥的产生量是泥龄法计算的关键,文中对此进行了介绍。     

活性污泥性质检测方法的比较研究

以印染废水生物处理推流式曝气池中的好氧活性污泥为研究对象,采用污泥沉降比(SV)、污泥浓度(MLSS)、污泥容积指数(SVI)等常规指标检测活性污泥的性质,并与ATP法和TTC-脱氢酶活性法进行了对比.通过比较得出各种方法的适用范围和条件,结果表明:当活性污泥的SV和SVI值变化时,用ATP法能更加准确地反映活性污泥的...     

水热电解质法污泥脱水技术

活性污泥法广泛应用于市政和工业废水处理,处理过程中产生大量的活性污泥,污泥脱水性能差,成为制约污泥处理处置的瓶颈。水热电解质法是一种有效的强化污泥脱水技术,工艺、设备简单,效果相对明显。综述了水热电解质法污泥脱水技术的研究进展,重点就温度、电解质种类和浓度等关键因素对污泥脱水性能的影响进行了探讨,并对该技术需要解决的问题和应用前景进行了展望。     

盐度对活性污泥处理系统影响研究进展

综述了盐度对活性污泥生物处理系统的影响,包括对污泥性质如沉降性能、污泥活性的影响,系统处理效果如有机物和氨氮的降解效率等的影响,并进一步阐述其机制。对该研究领域的发展方向进行展望,为今后含盐废水活性污泥处理系统高效稳定运行提供参考。     

二氧化氯氧化污泥减量试验研究

通过静态对比试验对ClO2对污泥的溶胞作用进行了研究,同时通过动态对比试验,考察了ClO2在活性污泥法污水处理系统进行污泥减量的能力以及对出水水质的影响。结果表明：ClO2对活性污泥具有溶胞作用,ClO2最佳投加量为每g干污泥10．0mg左右,ClO2氧化污泥后回流能使活性污泥处理系统1个月不排泥而曝气池的污泥浓度较为稳定,污泥减量率达到100％。实行ClO2氧化污泥减量后,系统的出水水质受到了一定的影响,出水CODcr由52mg／L上升到76mg／L,出水浊度和色度也相应地有所升高。     

磁活性污泥法在污水处理中的应用

磁活性污泥法是对传统活性污泥法的一种改良.相对于传统活性污泥法,磁活性污泥法减小了生物反应器占地面积、提高了处理负荷、改善了脱氮除磷效果、有效控制丝状菌污泥膨胀、降低剩余污泥产量.该文介绍了磁活性污泥法的技术原理及研究与应用进展,对磁活性污泥法存在的问题进行了初步探讨并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

重金属离子对活性污泥系统处理性能的影响

采用简单活性污泥法研究了Cu^ 、Cd^ 、Cr^ 等重金属离子对活性污泥指数和系统处理废水能力影响,解释了在重金属离子存在条件下,活性污泥系统对生活废水的处理能力下降的原因。由于重金属离子对活性污泥中原生动物和细菌的毒性,导致污泥沉降指数SV和污泥容积指数SVI不同程度改变,出水的BOD5／COD大幅度减小。实验发现,Fe^3 、Zn^2 浓度小于40mg／L时对COD的去除能力影响非常小;而当Cu^2 浓度大于40mg／L时．污泥系统COD去除率小于10％,系统失去意义。Pb^2 、Cd^2 、Cr^3 在浓度大于40mg／L时,出水的COD去除率下降50％左右。通过建立简单有效的入水监控手段,可避免未处理污水排出。     

生物活性炭废水处理工艺研究

生物活性炭工艺是在活性污泥法基础上投加粉末活性炭填料共同作用的新型活性污泥法,主要应用于石化、制药等行业产生的部分难降解有毒害工业废水处理。本文通过研究发现,生物活性炭工艺的污泥驯化时间比普通活性污泥增加一倍,但污泥驯化成熟稳定后,生物活性炭工艺对废水的处理效果、耐负荷冲击能力、运行稳定性等均优于普通活性污泥工艺,另外生物活性炭工艺可有效解决普通活性污泥工艺存在污泥膨胀和生物泡沫问题。生物活性炭工艺对废水的COD_(Cr)平均去除率可达到90%,比普通活性污泥提高了10%。     

Effect of sludge retention time in sludge holding tank on excess sludge production in the oxic‐settling‐anoxic (OSA) activated sludge process

The activated sludge process is a core technology in wastewater treatment plants. Excess sludge produced in the process must be treated and disposed of properly and may account for up to 60% of total plant operating cost. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new biological concepts to minimize excess sludge production. The oxic‐settling‐anoxic process (OSA process), a modified activated sludge process, may produce less excess sludge than the conventional activated sludge process. The effect of sludge retention time in the sludge holding tank of the OSA process on excess sludge yield has been studied. Four pilot‐scale activated sludge systems were employed, one of which was a conventional activated sludge process, and was used as the control system. The other three were OSA systems operated with different sludge retention times (5.5 h, 7.6 h, and 11.5 h) in the sludge holding tank. All systems were operated with synthetic wastewater for 7 months. Results showed that the three OSA processes with 5.5 h, 7.6 h, and 11.5 h sludge retention time reduced the excess sludge by 33%, 23% and 14%, respectively. Compared to the control process, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and effluent NH₃–N concentration were not significantly influenced, but total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency decreased by 0–9%. Total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of OSA processes with 7.6 h and 11.5 h sludge retention time increased by 19%. Sludge settleability was excellent in the three OSA processes. No distinct shift in the diversity of the predominant species was found in microbial populations. We conclude that the OSA system could reduce excess sludge production. Results suggest 6–7 h sludge retention time would be optimal. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

活性污泥工艺传统设计方法中存在问题的探讨

污泥负荷法和泥龄法是活性污泥工艺设计的主要计算方法,这2种设计方法偏于安全、保守,以经验为主,没有反映出活性污泥工艺中生物反应机理,缺少理论支持,适用范围窄,而数学模型法才是活性污泥法设计的发展趋势,利用数学模型进行活性污泥工艺设计可以有2种方法选用:试算法和优化法。     

活性污泥与灭活污泥的吸附性能比较

用活性污泥制备灭活干污泥来与原活性污泥进行针对生活污水的吸附试验,比较两种污泥吸附能力的差别,分析生物作用对吸附的影响。发现温度对活性污泥的影响比对灭活污泥的影响大;两种污泥的吸附结果都能用伪一级和伪二级方程进行拟合;活性污泥比灭活污泥的吸附容量大,活性污泥和灭活污泥的最大吸附容量分别为101.01和35.46 mg/g。     

高负荷厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器的运行及其颗粒污泥的ECP特性

高效性是厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox)生物脱氮工艺的优势,污泥颗粒化则是生物反应器高效性的重要原因。控制进水亚硝酸盐浓度为360mg·L-1,回流比为0.5,经过230d的连续运行,逐步将厌氧氨氧化膨胀颗粒污泥床(expanded-granular sludgebed,EGSB)反应器(1.1L)的水力停留时间由6.9h缩短至0.30h,获得的容积基质氮去除速率为50.75kg.m-3·d-1,是原有世界最高水平的2倍。在此工况下获得的高负荷厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的平均粒径为(2.51±0.91)mm,比污泥厌氧氨氧化活性为1.899kg·(kgVSS)-1·d-1,胞外多聚物(extracellular polymers,ECP)总含量达143.00mg·(gVSS)-1。随着反应器容积基质氮去除速率的提高,反应器内厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥胞外多聚物含量增加,其中蛋白质含量增加更快,蛋白质的"超量产生"致使颗粒污泥的PN/PS增大,易随水流失。     

耐盐污泥丝状菌污泥膨胀的发生、控制与利用

为研究耐盐污泥膨胀发生的原因、过程以及控制方法,利用革新MUCT工艺重点考察了10 mg.L-1盐度长期驯化的耐盐污泥在低溶解氧条件下发生污泥膨胀的过程。通过不同方式进行控制,同时比较膨胀前后系统对有机物和氮磷的去除能力,结合污泥微膨胀节能理论提出利用污泥微膨胀提高含盐污水生物处理效率的方法。结果表明:耐盐污泥在长期低溶解氧条件下会发生膨胀;盐度降低导致污泥膨胀加剧;提高盐度可有效抑制其膨胀;当好氧2段溶解氧(DO2)维持在1.0 mg.L-1,好氧1段溶解氧(DO1)维持在2.0 mg.L-1时,污泥容积指数(SVI)维持在190~210 ml.g-1之间,稳定处于微膨胀状态。微膨胀状态下系统出水浊度大大降低,可以利用低氧微膨胀状态提高含盐污水处理效率。     

The relationship between cation ions and polysaccharide on the floc formation of synthetic and activated sludge

This study has investigated in a comparative fashion the effect of cation ions and polysaccharide on the floc formation of both synthetic and activated sludge. Synthetic sludge was prepared according to established procedures; activated sludge was produced in a lab-scale, continuous-flow reactor which was fed with live activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. The results from experiments indicate that cation ions and polysaccharide could influence sludge floc formation. The relationship between polysaccharide concentration and cation ions concentration was examined at laboratory scale during flocculation with both synthetic and activated sludge; an increase in feed cation ions concentration led to a decrease in final polysaccharide concentration in the supernatant. An increase in cation ions concentration in the feed to the reactors was also associated with an increase in the bound biopolymer concentration. The changes in the bound biopolymer were explained according to the cation bridging model. Synthetic and activated sludge behave very similarly in terms of their characteristics and synthetic sludge can be used as a surrogate in activated sludge studies. The results of this work also indicate that the formation of cation-polymer complexes and polymer gelation are amongst the most important mechanisms for sludge coagulation-flocculation, and offer a means for optimisation of the activated sludge process.     

解偶联代谢污泥减量机理及其新工艺

根据解偶联代谢的不同途径,将解偶联污泥减量工艺分为添加解偶联剂的活性污泥工艺、好氧-沉淀-厌氧（OSA）工艺、高S0/X0比活性污泥工艺3种,介绍了不同的解偶联工艺的原理及其优势与不足,指出了解偶联污泥减量工艺未来研究方向和应用前景。     

脱氮活性污泥降解乙酸根试验

本文报道脱氮活性污泥降解乙酸根的过程。分析了过程中pH值、PO2、TOC、TS等的变化情况。在本实验条件下，乙酸根的降解可在10～24h内完成。不同的pH值介质对降解速率有显著的影响。降解过程中pH值会升高1．4—1．7个pH值单位。将pH值始终控制在7．4时，降解速度显著减慢。     

Characterization of synthetic and activated sludge and conditioning with cationic polyelectrolytes

This study investigates the effect of cationic polyelectrolytes on the final properties of synthetic and activated sludge. Synthetic sludge was prepared according to established procedures. Activated sludge was produced in a labscale, continuous-flow reactor which was fed with live activated sludge from a waste-water treatment plant. Capillary suction time (CST) was used to evaluate the sludge dewatering behaviour. The results from experiments indicated that the cationic polyelectrolytes had a critical effect on sludge dewatering, and made an improvement in the final properties of sludge. The two types of sludge have very similar dewatering characteristics after cationic polymer conditioning. The development of synthetic sludge is suggested also to be a possible surrogate for studying the final properties of activated sludge.     

膜生物反应器与传统活性污泥工艺的比较研究

主要考察了膜生物反应器和传统活性污泥工艺之间的差异,分别从污泥驯化、出水质量、生物相、混合液污泥的物理特性、反应器内微生物累积情况几方面分析它们的不同之处。总的来说,膜生物反应器结合生物化学降解作用和膜分离的特点,与传统活性污泥工艺相比有许多优势,在废水处理工程中更有应用前景。