Cu/Ni多层膜强化机理的分子动力学模拟

运用分子动力学方法模拟了Cu／Ni薄膜结构在纳米压入和微摩擦过程位错的运动规律,探讨了薄膜结构中位错与界面的相互作用规律．结果表明：Cu／Ni多层膜结构中的层间界面会阻碍位错继续向材料内部扩展,阻碍作用主要来自于两个方面：界面失配位错网对位错运动的排斥阻力使其难以到达或穿过界面;由弹性模量差而产生的界面镜像力使位错被限制在Cu单层膜内运动．这种阻碍作用有利于提高Cu／Ni多层薄膜的力学性能．     

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF STRENGTH ENING MECHANISM OF Cu/Ni MULTILAYERS

运用分子动力学方法模拟了Cu/Ni薄膜结构在纳米压入和微摩擦过程位错的运动规律, 探讨了薄膜结构中位错与界面的相互作用规律. 结果表明: Cu/Ni多层膜结构中的层间界面会阻碍位错继续向材料内部扩展, 阻碍作用主要来自于两个方面: 界面失配位错网对位错运动的排斥阻力使其难以到达或穿过界面; 由弹性模量差而产生的界面镜像力使位错被限制在Cu单层膜内运动. 这种阻碍作用有利于提高Cu/Ni多层薄膜的力学性能.     

Ag/Cu和Cu/Ni纳米金属多层膜强度软化的理论分析

用电沉积法分别制备了具有不同调制波长的Ag/Cu和Cu/Ni金属多层膜,研究了多层膜的硬度与调制波长之间的关系.结果表明,当调制波长λ>300 nm时,两种多层膜的硬度与调制波长符合位错塞积机制的Hall-Fetch关系,当λ<300 nm时,都偏离了Hall-Fetch关系;Ag/Cu和Cu/Ni多层膜分别在λ=50nm和100nm处取得硬度峰值.基于Cheng等人的电子理论分别求出了Ag,Cu和Ni金属晶体的位错稳定的临界晶粒尺寸,进而定量地解释了Ag/Cu和Cu/Ni金属多层膜硬度峰值位置.     

调制波长对Cu／Ni金属多层膜力学性能的影响

用电沉积法在低碳钢基体上制备了具有不同调制波长(一个调制波长等于单层Cu膜与单层Ni膜厚度之和)的Cu/Ni金属多层膜，研究了多层膜硬度与其中单层膜厚度之间的关系。结果表明，当膜厚在亚微米范围内时，Cu/Ni多层膜的屈服强度(为硬度值的1/3)与单层膜厚之间符合基于位错塞积模型的Hall-Pctch(H-P)关系式；而当单层膜厚小于100nm时，屈服强度与膜厚的关系偏离了H-P线性关系。基于程开甲等人位错稳定性理论首次对金属多层膜变形行为偏离Hall-Petch关系的现象作了定量解释。     

不同调制波长Cu/Ag多层膜硬度分析

用直流电沉积双槽法在纯铜基体上制备了不同调制波长的Cu/Ag多层膜,研究了多层膜硬度与调制波长之间的关系.实验结果表明,当调制波长位于600～300nm时,Cu/Ag多层膜的硬度与调制波长之间较好地符合基于位错塞积模型的Hall-Petch关系;当调制波长小于300 nm时,硬度与调制波长的关系偏离了HaU-Petch关系.由实验结果分析得出了Cu/Ag多层膜的位错稳定存在极限晶粒尺寸约为25 nm,与基于程开甲等人的位错稳定性理论得出的Ag晶体极限晶粒尺寸27 nm接近,验证了程开甲等人的位错稳定性理论.     

Cu/X(X=Cr,Nb)纳米多层膜力/电学性能的尺度依赖性

利用纳米压痕实验以及四探针法,系统研究了相同层厚Cu/X(X=Cr,Nb)纳米金属多层膜的力学性能(强/硬度)和电学性能(电阻率)的尺度依赖性.微观分析表明:Cu/X多层膜调制结构清晰,Cu层沿{111}面择优生长,X层沿{110}面择优生长.纳米压入结果表明,Cu/X多层膜的强度依赖于调制周期,并随调制周期的减小而增加.多层膜变形机制在临界调制周期(λ~c≈25 nm)由Cu层内单根位错滑移转变为位错切割界面.多层膜的电阻率不仅与表面/界面以及晶界散射相关,而且在小尺度下受界面条件显著影响.通过修正的FS-MS模型可以量化界面效应对多层膜电阻率的影响.Cu/X纳米多层膜可以通过调控微观结构实现强度-电导率的合理匹配.     

不同退火温度下Cu/Ni纳米多层膜的结构与力学性能稳定性

为研究不同退火温度下Cu/Ni纳米多层膜的结构与力学性能稳定性,采用电子束蒸发镀膜技术在Si(100)基片上沉积不同周期(Λ为4,12,20 nm)的Cu/Ni多层膜,在真空条件下对试样进行温度为200℃和400℃,时间为4 h的退火处理,分析了沉积态(未退火态)与退火态Cu/Ni多层膜纳米压痕硬度、弹性模量与微结构的演变,讨论了不同调制周期Cu/Ni多层膜的热稳定性。结果表明:200℃下4 h退火后,Λ为4,12和20 nm的Cu/Ni多层膜均保持了硬度与弹性模量的热稳定性。而在400℃下4 h退火后,Λ为12 nm的Cu/Ni多层膜出现了硬度和弹性模量的软化现象,硬度由6.21 GPa降低至5.83 GPa,弹性模量由190 GPa降低至182 GPa。这是由于共格界面被破坏,界面共格应力对Cu/Ni多层膜力学性能贡献作用削弱导致的。     

Ni/Al纳米多层膜的界面扩散与电阻率

采用FS-MS模型研究了Ni/Al纳米多层膜的薄膜电阻率ρ及镜面反射系数P随周期数n、Ni/Al调制比R和调制波长L的演变规律,从而表征了多层膜界面扩散行为的尺度依赖性.结果表明t随着n减小,ρ基本恒定,多层膜界面扩散行为对调制周期数不敏感;而随着薄膜特征尺度R和L的减小,出现ρ异常增加和P明显减小的变化过程. P对薄膜特征尺度的依赖关系反映了多层膜界面扩散行为的尺寸效应,即多层膜界面非对称的互扩散行为只在低调制比与低调制波长尺度下加剧,此时界面互促效应凸现;在高于临界调制波长和调制比的情况下,互促效应弱化,薄膜界面扩散行为不明显.     

双槽电沉积法制备Cu/Ag纳米多层膜

双槽电沉积法制备了不同调制波长的Cu/Ag金属多层膜(Cu膜和Ag膜等厚),用扫描电子显微镜观察了多层膜的层状结构,并研究了不同调制波长下多层膜的显微硬度变化.结果表明:双槽电沉积法制备的Cu/Ag多层膜层状结构明显.当调制波长大于100 nm时,显微硬度随调制波长减小而增加;当小于100 nm时,硬度随调制波长减小而...     

钛工业的研究开发现状——2002国际钛协会年会暨展览会见闻

研究了W/Mo纳米多层膜的微结构及超硬效应，W/Mo纳米多层膜采用磁控溅射技术制备，并采用XRD、TEM和显微硬度计研究了薄膜的微结构和硬度。结果表明，W/Mo纳米多层膜形成多晶外延生长的超晶格结构，界面共格畸变使W/Mo两调制层的晶面间距随调制周期的减小而相互接近，在多层膜中形成交变应力场，从而使薄膜得到强化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.