一种四级自动复叠制冷系统混合工质组分选取及配比研究

对于多级自动复叠制冷系统,混合制冷工质的选取和组分配比具有重要的影响作用。针对四级自动复叠制冷系统,运用REFPROP8.0软件建立了混合工质种类选择及其配比研究的理论模拟方法,通过分析比较混合工质的饱和压力、蒸发温度,模拟出混合工质组分和配比：R600a/R23/R14/R740=45/21/19/16,充入该混合工质配比进行实验研究,获得了-150℃的设计柜温。研究表明,该混合工质理论模拟方法,能够有效指导实验研究,取得理想的制冷温度。     

三级自动复叠系统混合工质配比设计与验证

为了确定应用于三级自动复叠系统的混合工质,说明了混合工质组分确定的方法,并据此为一台设备选取了R134a/R23/R14/R50作为制冷剂。通过提出了一些理想状态假设之后,简化制冷剂在制冷系统中的循环过程。忽视非必须制冷剂R50对系统的影响,认为系统中只有R134a/R23/R14进行制冷循环。利用串联热平衡法计算了各组分的循环流量,以R14的循环量作为对比单位,与实验得出的最佳配比进行比较。通过分析误差原因,指出了在实际设备制造过程中根据计算结果确定混合工质配比的可行性。     

混合工质配比对自动复叠制冷循环影响的试验研究

搭建了自动复叠制冷循环的试验装置,在该系统中低沸点组分选用R23,高沸点组分选用R134a.通过改变系统中混合工质的配比,在其它条件不变的情况下进行了优化试验,试验结果表明混合工质中各组分百分含量对制冷系统的蒸发压力、冷凝压力、冷柜的最低中心温度等有较大的影响,其中R23的百分含量在40%左右时,该制冷系统性能达到最佳.     

一个改进自行复叠制冷循环的实验研究

自行复叠制冷循环以其结构简单、可靠性高、适应性强等特点,在能源、生物、医学和生命科学等领域得到了日益广泛的重视和应用。针对一个改进的自行复叠制冷循环,建立了该制冷循环的实验台,进行了不同配比的二元混合工质和三元混合工质的自行复叠制冷循环性能实验,得出了改进自行复叠制冷循环的降温特性图以及性能系数COP和制冷量与制冷温度的关系。最后比较了二元自行复叠系统与三元自行复叠系统稳态运行参数的优劣。     

两级自动复叠制冷系统的试验研究

建立了一套两级自动复叠制冷系统,采用R22/R23作混合制冷工质,冷柜内温度可达到-65℃;对因混合工质的配比不同而引起的制冷温度、启动状态的变化也进行了试验研究.     

R22/R23自动复叠制冷循环的特性研究

通过一个两级自动复叠制冷循环系统来研究R22/R23混合工质的循环特性,在一系列合理简化的基础上讨论了其组分的充注比例和循环比例的关系,分析了循环比例的计算方法,并给出了循环系统中各点参数的计算结果和空间压焓图.     

冷热气流冲击实验装置自动复叠制冷系统设计研究

冷热气流冲击实验装置是一种用于对机械和电子产品进行高低温交变冲击检验的实验设备,冷源系统是其重要的组成之一。采用具有精馏装置的自动复叠制冷循环,选用二元非共沸混合工质R22／R23作为制冷剂,进行了制冷系统及其关键部件（精馏装置等）的研制及混合工质R22／R23的不同配比和不同分馏操作工艺参数的探究。通过对实验样机工作过程主要热力参数的实验研究和调试,冷源系统输出的冷气达到了高低温冲击实验的技术要求。     

非共沸混合工质单级压缩回热循环实验研究

针对非共沸混合制冷工质单级压缩回热制冷循环,分析了LHR循环的特点及主要研究问题。根据非共沸混合制冷工质的特性,讨论并选取了适合于-70℃低温冷柜的混合制冷工质R23和R600a。利用制冷工质物性分析软件NIST Refprop 8.0初步研究了不同配比时制冷系统的特性,然后通过实验方法从不同角度分析混合制冷工质的配比对系统性能的影响,最终得到比较合理的混合制冷工质R23/R600a组分比例3:7。同时分析了该配比下制冷压缩机排气温度、压比、低温冷柜内温度等的变化特点,最后对蒸发器的温度变化特性和回热器的温度变化特性进行了总结。     

-60℃水冷自复叠制冷系统研究

提出一种新型水冷自复叠制冷循环方式,用冷凝分离器代替传统循环的冷凝器和相分离器,在冷凝分离器中同时完成了高沸点工质的冷凝及高沸点工质与低沸点工质的分离。对采用这种冷凝分离器的水冷自复叠制冷循环方式的R22/R23、R290/R170、R134a/R23、R134a/R170四种工质对进行了循环特性研究。在自行搭建的水冷自复叠制冷系统实验台上进行了R22/R23、R134a/R23两种工质对的实验研究。结果表明,在相同工况下,R22/R23自复叠制冷系统的COP要高于R134a/R23自复叠制冷系统;和传统的自复叠系统相比,采用冷凝分离器的水冷自复叠制冷循环COP明显提高,提升率达到60%~100%。     

R134a/R23自动复叠制冷循环的试验研究

在分析自动复叠制冷循环特点和R134a/R23混合工质特性的基础上,搭建了试验台进行了循环特性的研究.在一系列合理简化的基础上对试验结果进行了分析,并给出了循环系统中各点参数的计算结果和制冷循环的空间压焓图.     

Experimental evaluation of refrigerant mixtures as substitutes for CFC12 and R502

Several selected refrigerant mixtures are tested as potential short- and mid-term substitutes for CFC12 and R502. HCFC22 and some hydrocarbons are considered as components of retrofit mixtures. Their influence on the solubility of various lubricant oils is investigated by measuring critical solubility temperatures. The performance of the CFC12 and R502 refrigerants and of their proposed alternatives is compared by testing two different refrigerating units.     

Theoretical comparison of low GWP alternatives for different refrigeration configurations taking R404A as baseline

Six refrigerants are evaluated as low GWP replacements for R404A using different configurations, including two-stage system architectures. These refrigerants are selected according to similar characteristics to R404A, and they are the mid-term alternatives R407A and R407F, and the long-term alternatives: L40 and DR-7 (with very low GWP and low flammability), N40 and DR-33 (with low GWP and no flammability). In order to have a complete comparison range, various operating conditions are considered, covering low and medium evaporator temperatures and two levels of condensation temperatures. Configurations selected are presented and the equations used to simulate the expected performance are shown. From a given cooling capacity, volumetric flow rate and COP are compared, taking R404A as baseline. The most efficient alternatives are the low-flammable refrigerants, L40 and DR-7, and when no flammability is acceptable, N40 and DR-33 are also very good options.     

Analysis of alternatives to high GWP refrigerants for eutectic refrigerating systems

The EU Regulation No 517/2014 is going to phase-out R507A and R404A refrigerants because of their high GWP values. Different alternative refrigerants are under consideration, with the research results available for various applications. However, the eutectic refrigerating system operates at specific conditions, which are analysed in the paper. The applicability of the alternative refrigerants in the eutectic systems is analysed, focusing on performance and availability of components.The analysed alternatives are hydrocarbons, CO₂ and HFC/HFO mixtures. The hydrocarbons would be a good alternative, but the required system components are not available. The HFC/HFO mixtures are the alternative with the available system components. The drop-in replacement test results with R448A refrigerant demonstrate significant performance degradation. At 25 °C ambient temperature the pull-down time increased by 24% and the power consumption increased by 9%. Also, due to the glide and lower evaporation pressure, the retrofitted system cannot reach the required evaporation temperatures.     

Performance and heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon refrigerants in a heat pump systemPerformance et caractéristiques de transfert de chaleur des frigorigènes hydrocarbures utilisés dans un système de pompe à chaleur

Performance of a heat pump system using hydrocarbon refrigerants has been investigated experimentally. Single component hydrocarbon refrigerants (propane, isobutane, butane and propylene) and binary mixtures of propane/isobutane and propane/butane are considered as working fluids in a heat pump system. The heat pump system consists of compressor, condenser, evaporator, and expansion device with auxiliary facilities such as evacuating and charging unit, the secondary heat transfer fluid circulation unit, and several measurement units. Performance of each refrigerant is compared at several compressor speeds and temperature levels of the secondary heat transfer fluid. Coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling/heating capacity of hydrocarbon refrigerants are presented. Experimental results show that some hydrocarbon refrigerants are comparable to R22. Condensation and evaporation heat transfer coefficients of selected refrigerants are obtained from overall conductance measurements for subsections of heat exchangers, and compared with those of R22. It is found that heat transfer is degraded for hydrocarbon refrigerant mixtures due to composition variation with phase change. Empirical correlations to estimate heat transfer coefficients for pure and mixed hydrocarbons are developed, and they show good agreement with experimental data. Some hydrocarbon refrigerants have better performance characteristics than R22.     

两级复叠低温制冷机组制冷剂的替代

对应用于两级复叠制冷的工质对R22/R13及其替代物R404A/R23的基本物性参数进行了分析对比,针对采用替代制冷剂后制冷系统在设计中需要注意的一些问题进行了探讨.通过实验测试,对复叠制冷系统在采用两种不同工质对后的压比、制冷量及COP等循环性能进行了比较,结果证明,采用R404A/R23作为替代制冷剂是可行的.     

汽车空调制冷系统中应用R407C的分析

本文对混合工质R407C与R12的物理和热力性质进行了比较分析，并针对汽车空调制冷系统的特点，对两种工质在变工况下进行了制冷系统的理论循环分析，阐明了在汽车空调制冷系统中使用R407C的可行性。     

Exergy analysis of R1234yf and R1234ze as R134a replacements in a two evaporator vapour compression refrigeration system

Exergy analysis is a useful way for determining the real thermodynamic losses and optimising environmental and economic performance in the systems such as vapour compression refrigeration systems. The present study deals with the exergy analysis on a two evaporator vapour compression refrigeration system using R1234yf, R1234ze and R134a as refrigerants. In the calculation of losses occurring in different system components, besides the exergy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, a computer code was developed by using Engineering Equation Solver (EES-V9.172-3D) software package program. The effects of the evaporator and condenser temperatures on the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of the system were investigated. R1234yf and R1234ze, which are good alternatives to R134a concerning their environmentally friendly properties and this is the most significant finding emerging from this study.     

风冷螺杆热泵机组制冷剂替换试验研究

对R22、R407c、R134a三种制冷剂的基本物性及热力性能进行了分析比较，并在风冷螺杆热泵机组基础上进行了替换试验研究。结果表明：R407c为最佳替换R22的制冷剂；R134a替换后能效比较高，但制冷（热）量衰减过多，同时R134a的运行压力过低不太适合热泵工况。     

Analysis based on EU Regulation No 517/2014 of new HFC/HFO mixtures as alternatives of high GWP refrigerants in refrigeration and HVAC systems

The EU Regulation No 517/2014 is going to phase-out most of the refrigerants commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems (R134a, R404A and R410A) because of their extended use and their high GWP values. There are very different options to replace them; however, no refrigerant has yet imposed. In this paper we review and analyze the different mixtures proposed by the AHRI as alternative refrigerants to those employed currently. These mixtures are composed by HFC refrigerants: R32, R125, R152a and R134a; and HFO refrigerants: R1234yf and R1234ze(E). It is concluded, from the theoretical analysis, that most of the new HFO/HFC mixtures perform under the HFC analyzed (although some experimental studies show the contrary) and, in most cases, do not meet the GWP restrictions approved by the European normative. Furthermore, some of the mixtures proposed would have problems due to their flammability.     

基于R600/R290混合制冷剂的立式冷冻箱的降温能力试验研究

为优化以混合制冷剂为工质的立式冷冻箱制冷系统降温能力,对使用R600/R290混合制冷剂的立式冷冻箱在32℃环境温度下进行降温能力试验,研究混合制冷剂充注量、制冷剂各组分配比、毛细管流量及风机转速对其性能的影响.结果 表明:混合制冷剂充注量过大会削弱制冷系统降温能力,并使压缩机功率增加;增大毛细管流量、风机转速及混合制...