气调对甜玉米贮藏品质的影响

[目的]研究气调包装技术对甜玉米贮藏保鲜的效果.[方法]甜玉米鲜果穗经PA/PE袋充以不同比例的气体后包装,在5 ℃条件下冷藏.[结果]在O2浓度为5%、CO2浓度为10%的气调条件下,甜玉米呼吸强度降低64.47%,可溶性糖的散失减少17.15%,还原糖的保持率增加19.32%,淀粉的积累量降低63.19%,感官品质明显优于对照.[结论]气调可使鲜食甜玉米保质期延长至15 d以上.     

限水灌溉与施氮时期对小麦旗叶光合作用及产量性状的影响

[目的]为实现小麦优质高产节水省肥提供科学合理的水氮运筹模式.[方法]在大田条件下,研究灌水次数及施N时期对小麦旗叶Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响.[结果]灌水次数对旗叶Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP、qN及产量的影响均达到显著或极显著水平,且不灌水与灌水处理间差异较大;N肥全部基施与返青期追施(40%)处理间旗叶的Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN差异不大,但2个处理的光合参数与产量均明显低于拔节期或孕穗期追施(40%)处理.[结论]灌水次数与施N方式对Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量性状的调控存在显著的互作效应,其中以W<.2>,N<.4>处理组合效果最好.     

Cu2+作用下Fenton氧化处理苯酚废水研究

[目的]寻找Cu<'2+>存在条件下 Fenton 氧化处理苯酚模拟废水的最佳条件.[方法]研究不同浓度 H<,2>O<,2>、Fe<'2+>及 pH 下 Cu<'2+>的存在对 Fenton 氧化处理苯酚模拟废水的苯酚去除率的影响和对 COD 降解效果的影响.[结果]在苯酚浓度为 250 mg/L,最佳 pH 为 3.0,H<,2>O<,2>浓度为 297.5 mg/L,Fe<'2+>浓度为 140 mg/L 时,苯酚的最高去除率为 94.5%;在此条件下,Cu<'2+>浓度为 40 mg/L 时,苯酚最高去除率为 97.7%,提高了 3.2%.在 pH3.0、Cu<'2+>浓度 40mg/L 条件下,分别求得不同 Fe<'2+>/H<,2>O<,2>下的模型备件参数,结果表明 Fenton 氧化降解苯酚废水符合二级降解动力学反应模型.[结论]适当浓度的Cu<'2+>可提高 Fenton 氧化降解苯酚废水的效率.Fenton 氧化降解苯酚废水符合二级降解动力学反应模型.     

猪饲料用乳酸菌增菌培养基的优化研究

[目的]通过对培养基成分及pH值的研究,得到最佳乳酸菌螬菌培养基.[方法]采用pH值梯度培养确定培养基的最适pH值;采用PB试验确定培养基主要影响因子;采用响应面试验对乳酸菌培养基进行优化,得出影响因子间的相互关系,并得到最佳培养基.[结果]适于乳酸菌培养的最适起始pH值为6.8;牛肉膏、葡萄糖和NaAc为乳酸菌增殖的主要影响因子,牛肉膏是最重要的影响因子;优化后的最佳培养基:牛肉膏23.70g/L、葡萄糖47.53g/L、NaAc4.87 g/L、蛋白胨10.0 g/L、酵母膏10.0 g/L、柠檬酸二胺2.0 g/L、MnSO40.2g/L、吐温80 0.5 g/L.[结论]优化后的乳酸菌增菌培养基使活菌密度显著提高,达到制备乳酸菌菌剂需求.     

秸秆预处理对米根霉发酵产L-乳酸的影响

[目的]有效提高秸秆利用率.[方法]研究了不同种类洗涤剂预处理对秸秆酸水解液发酵产乳酸的影响.[结果]未经处理的秸秆,米根霉利用其酸水解液发酵,在发酵36h时,乳酸含量最高为1.98g/L,糖酸转化率为5.36%,而采用中性及碱性洗涤剂对秸秆进行预处理,均能够提高米根霉转化秸秆水解液为乳酸的转化率,其中2%皂粉预处理效果最好,其秸秆酸水解液发酵36h,产乳酸量为8.68g/L,发酵60h,乳酸含量达到最高10.64 g/L,糖酸转化率为43.02%.[结论]皂粉处理是较为理想的一种秸秆预处理方法.     

水稻稻瘟病的药剂防治研究

[目的]比较不同药剂对稻瘟病的防治效果.[方法]采取田间随机区组试验的方法,研究8种药剂对水稻稻瘟病的田间防治效果及其对水稻产量的影响.[结果]25%嘧菌酯SC对稻瘟病防效的最高为91.89%,其次为25%咪鲜胺EC和75%三环唑WP,防效分别为86.34%和85.01%.防效最差的是40%异稻瘟净EC和40%富士一号EC,防效分别为68.9%和75.13%,30%克瘟散EC、好力克430 g/L SC和30%爱苗EC的防效在三环唑和富士一号之间.所有供试药剂都有显著的增产效果,而增产最显著的药剂为嘧菌酯和爱苗.[结论]三环唑可用于预防稻瘟病的发生,发病后应使用嘧菌酯和咪鲜胺.     

杜鹃花液剂干燥技术研究

[目的]研究化学液剂对杜鹃花(Rhododendron obtusum)干燥的效果.[方法]测定6种液剂处理后杜鹃花的失水率、感官分值.[结果]甘油替代花中水分具有维持植物材料刚性效果,又能起到保色的作用;亚硫酸可抑制色素氧化,防止花朵褐变,提高了花材的观赏价值.2%甘油+6%柠檬酸+2%亚硫酸钠混合液为最佳处理配方,48 h为最佳浸泡时间.[结论]该研究可为杜鹃花干花制作提供参考.     

氧化淀粉的制备

[目的]对影响氧化淀粉羧基含量的各个因素进行系统考察.[方法]以马铃薯淀粉为原料,次氯酸钠作氧化剂制备氧化淀粉.并对最佳工艺条件下制备的最终产品的羟基含量、白度、透明度及黏度进行测定.[结果]制备马铃薯淀粉的最佳工艺条件为:pH值为8.0,温度为40 ℃,次氯酸钠用量(有效氯用量)为2%,反应时间为8 h.[结论]试验得到的氧化淀粉具有羧基含量低,白度较好,透明度较高,黏度较低的特点.     

不同处理对甜柿贮藏效果的影响

[目的]研究不同处理对甜柿在低温贮藏下生理和品质变化的影响.[方法]以不作任何处理为对照,研究保鲜袋、乙烯吸收剂、赤霉素和魔芋葡甘聚糖涂膜结合使用对果实呼吸强度、果实软化速度、细胞膜透性和营养物质变化的影响.[结果]在(1.0±0.5)℃的温度条件下,使用聚乙烯塑料薄膜袋包装和魔芋葡甘聚糖涂膜保鲜甜柿,硬果期为60 d;赤霉素、乙烯吸收剂结合保鲜膜的简易气调贮藏方法保鲜甜柿,硬果期可达90 d.赤霉素与乙烯吸收剂可单独使用,也可配合使用.[结论]该研究为甜柿贮藏方法及采后商品化处理操作规程的建立提供了相应的理论依据.     

烧烤食品和啤酒对大鼠肝脏抗氧化系统的影响

[目的]为促进人们科学饮食提供参考.[方法]用烧烤食品和啤酒喂养大鼠,以非烧烤食品和纯净水喂养的大鼠为对照组,利用分光光度法对烧烤食品和啤酒对大鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、清除·OH自由基能力、还原力及丙二醛(MDA)含量影响进行分析.[结果]烧烤食品和啤酒会降低大鼠肝脏抗氧化能力,其中SOD活性极显著降低,CAT活性显著降低,清除·OH自由基能力和还原力减弱,但与对照差异不显著,MDA含量极显著增加.[结论]大量食用烧烤食品和啤酒会使肝脏抗氧化能力减弱,氧化性损伤增加,因此应适当减少食用烧烤和啤酒,同时补充一些天然抗氧化剂有益于健康.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.