路网中双色反向k近邻查询处理

目前,路网中反向最近邻查询引起了广泛关注,有很多算法被提出.在实际路网中,由于移动数据对象的种类多种多样,单色反向最近邻查询有时并不能完全满足要求.因此,研究路网双色反向最近邻查询具有重要的实际意义.考虑到这种情况,提出一种路网中双色反向最近邻查询算法.通过PMR四叉树索引路网,采用Dijkstra算法遍历路网.为了保证连续监控,为查询点和对象分别设置安全区.为了验证候选对象,为其设置验证监控区.由于双色查询中,对象的种类不同,因此分别采用两个集合来保存这两类对象.通过实验对比,证明该算法具有较好的有效性和稳定性.     

移动对象的反向k近邻查询算法的研究

传统的反向k近邻查询的研究主要集中在k=1时的单色移动对象的反向最近邻查询上,单色和双色的反向k近邻查询问题还没有解决。利用网格索引结构结合60°平面修剪策略,提出了一种解决单色和双色的移动对象的连续反向k近邻查询方法。最后实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

路网中线段反k最近邻查询研究

为了弥补现有的研究成果无法有效地处理路网环境下基于线段的反k最近邻问题的不足,提出了在路网环境下线段反k最近邻查询方法。该查询方法主要应用于评估查询对象的影响范围。根据路网及Voronoi图的特点提出了网络线段Voronoi图的概念。在静态数据集情况下利用网络线段Voronoi图的性质提出了STA_RVLRk NN算法,查询包括过滤过程和精炼过程两大部分。进一步,在动态数据集的情况下提出了DYN_RVLRk NN算法,查询分为空间线段对象增加和删除两种情况,并对不同的情况给出了相应的算法,得到查询结果集。理论研究和实验表明,所提算法能有效地处理路网中基于线段的反k最近邻问题。     

基于概率的反向K最近邻高效查询算法研究

反向K最近邻查询需要确定以给定查询对象作为其k个最近邻之一的所有对象。然而由于大量应用需要处理未知数据,人们迫切需要能够处理未知对象的新算法。这里的主要问题是,一个对象属于RKNN结果集的事件不再是一个确定性事件,而是一个以一定概率成立的随机变量。对基于概率论的未知数据集反向K最近邻(PRKNN)搜索问题展开研究,以足够大的概率返回以查询对象为其最近邻的未知对象。基于一种新的考虑了距离相关性的修剪机制,提出一种PRNN高效查询算法。此外,还给出了如何将该算法扩展至PRKNN(其中k>1)查询处理。最后,将该算法与当前其他最新算法作比较,实验评估结果表明,该算法性能明显优于其他算法。     

路网中基于Voronoi图的反向最近邻查询方法

针对已有的在路网中的反向最近邻(Reverse Nearest Neighbor,RNN)查询方法存在的不足,提出了利用网络Voronoi图(Network Voronoi Diagram,NVD)的NVD-RNN算法,该算法具有较好的效果,它把路网划分成小的Voronoi区域,并且采用了两个过程:过滤过程和精炼过程。过滤过程主要是提前存储可能的查询结果。精炼过程主要是从可能的结果集合中找到查询结果。并且进一步给出了处理新增加点的ADDNVD-RNN算法和处理删除点的DENVD-RNN算法。实验表明,该算法在处理路网中的反向最近邻问题时有明显的优势。     

基于Voronoi图的连续反向最近邻查询

为解决动态环境中移动点的连续反向最近邻查询问题,将连续反向最近邻查询分为单色和双色2种情况进行研究。利用移动点Voronoi图,分别给出单色连续反向最近邻查询算法、双色连续反向最近邻查询算法以及相关定理,对算法正确性和可终止性进行证明,分析算法时间复杂性。按照移动点Voronoi图的拓扑结构是否改变分为2种情况,分析每种情况下候选所在区域的变化,在变化区域内进行Voronoi图的重构,得到对应的解决方法。在多数情况下,该算法只需生成局部移动点的Voronoi图即可找到结果,减小了连续反向最近邻查询的代价。     

空间网络数据库中反k最近邻查询算法

在空间网络数据库中,对象的位置和运动被约束在网络中,对象之间的距离不是传统的欧氏距离,而是由网络连通性决定的网络距离,因此,基于欧氏空间的反最近邻查询算法不适用于空间网络数据库.本文对空间网络数据库中的反最近邻查询问题进行了研究.给出网络数据和兴趣点的索引结构及空间网络数据存储模型.给出查询空间修剪定理,并在此基础上,提出空间网络数据库中适用于单、双色反七最近邻查询的RkNN算法.证明了该算法的正确性.最后通过实验对算法进行了验证.     

一种障碍空间中的反k最近邻查询方法

随着基于位置的服务(LBS)和物联网的快速发展,空间查询技术越来越重要,而空间查询中的最近邻查询及其各种变体有着广泛的应用.近几年,已有较多对于查询前k个反最近邻对象(RkNN)的研究,其中大部分针对的都是理想欧氏空间.而在真实的情况下,反k最近邻查询通常受障碍物影响.文中研究了障碍空间中反k最近邻查询算法,提出了一种...     

路网中互近邻查询处理方法

提出路网中的互近邻查询问题.给定路网G(V,E),对象集P,查询点q,近邻数k1和k2,互近邻查询返回既是q的k1近邻,又是q的反k2近邻的对象集.为解决该问题,首先提出基础算法,即先求出查询点q的k1近邻作为候选,再验证这些候选是否为真正的结果.然后,在此基础上提出了优化算法,根据落在对象点与查询点最短路径边上的标记点个数直接排除掉一些错误的候选对象.最后,通过实验验证了优化算法的有效性.     

障碍环境中可视反向视域K最近邻查询

在障碍环境下的空间应用中,用户通常只对视域范围内可视的数据对象感兴趣。为解决障碍环境中视域范围内的反向最近邻查询问题,将视域可视性引入到反向K最近邻查询中,提出一种可视反向视域K最近邻查询算法。给定某空间数据集P、障碍集O和查询点q,可视反向视域K最近邻查询检索P中数据点,并将q作为可视视域K最近邻。应用查询点进行障碍过滤,得到障碍过滤算法,利用数据对象的视域进行剪枝,使用查询点与数据对象的关系剪枝,形成有效的障碍剪枝规则,并根据剪枝规则得到视域可视性判断算法。在此基础上,分别基于R^*-树和VFR-树提出可视反向视域K最近邻查询算法R^*-V2-RKNN和VFR-V2-RKNN,并分别通过对R^*-树和VFR-树进行一次遍历得到查询结果。在真实数据集和模拟数据集上的实验结果表明,VFR-V2-RKNN算法的查询性能明显优于R^*-V2-RKNN算法。     

Reverse nearest neighbors in large graphs

A reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query returns the data objects that have a query point as their nearest neighbor (NN). Although such queries have been studied quite extensively in Euclidean spaces, there is no previous work in the context of large graphs. In this paper, we provide a fundamental lemma, which can be used to prune the search space while traversing the graph in search for RNN. Based on it, we develop two RNN methods; an eager algorithm that attempts to prune network nodes as soon as they are visited and a lazy technique that prunes the search space when a data point is discovered. We study retrieval of an arbitrary number k of reverse nearest neighbors, investigate the benefits of materialization, cover several query types, and deal with cases where the queries and the data objects reside on nodes or edges of the graph. The proposed techniques are evaluated in various practical scenarios involving spatial maps, computer networks, and the DBLP coauthorship graph.     

Reverse Nearest Neighbor Search in Metric Spaces

Given a set {cal D} of objects, a reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query returns the objects o in {cal D} such that o is closer to a query object q than to any other object in {cal D}, according to a certain similarity metric. The existing RNN solutions are not sufficient because they either 1) rely on precomputed information that is expensive to maintain in the presence of updates or 2) are applicable only when the data consists of "Euclidean objects” and similarity is measured using the L_2 norm. In this paper, we present the first algorithms for efficient RNN search in generic metric spaces. Our techniques require no detailed representations of objects, and can be applied as long as their mutual distances can be computed and the distance metric satisfies the triangle inequality. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods with extensive experiments.     

Aggregate nearest neighbor queries in road networks

Aggregate nearest neighbor queries return the object that minimizes an aggregate distance function with respect to a set of query points. Consider, for example, several users at specific locations (query points) that want to find the restaurant (data point), which leads to the minimum sum of distances that they have to travel in order to meet. We study the processing of such queries for the case where the position and accessibility of spatial objects are constrained by spatial (e.g., road) networks. We consider alternative aggregate functions and techniques that utilize Euclidean distance bounds, spatial access methods, and/or network distance materialization structures. Our algorithms are experimentally evaluated with synthetic and real data. The results show that their relative performance depends on the problem characteristics.     

Visible Reverse k-Nearest Neighbor Query Processing in Spatial Databases

Reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) queries have a broad application base such as decision support, profile-based marketing, resource allocation, etc. Previous work on RNN search does not take obstacles into consideration. In the real world, however, there are many physical obstacles (e.g., buildings) and their presence may affect the visibility between objects. In this paper, we introduce a novel variant of RNN queries, namely, visible reverse nearest neighbor (VRNN) search, which considers the impact of obstacles on the visibility of objects. Given a data set P, an obstacle set O, and a query point q in a 2D space, a VRNN query retrieves the points in P that have q as their visible nearest neighbor. We propose an efficient algorithm for VRNN query processing, assuming that P and O are indexed by R-trees. Our techniques do not require any preprocessing and employ half-plane property and visibility check to prune the search space. In addition, we extend our solution to several variations of VRNN queries, including: 1) visible reverse k-nearest neighbor (VRkNN) search, which finds the points in P that have q as one of their k visible nearest neighbors; 2) delta-VRkNN search, which handles VRkNN retrieval with the maximum visible distance delta constraint; and 3) constrained VRkNN (CVRkNN) search, which tackles the VRkNN query with region constraint. Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic data sets have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms under various experimental settings.     

Range nearest-neighbor query

A range nearest-neighbor (RNN) query retrieves the nearest neighbor (NN) for every point in a range. It is a natural generalization of point and continuous nearest-neighbor queries and has many applications. In this paper, we consider the ranges as (hyper)rectangles and propose efficient in-memory processing and secondary memory pruning techniques for RNN queries in both 2D and high-dimensional spaces. These techniques are generalized for kRNN queries, which return the k nearest neighbors for every point in the range. In addition, we devise an auxiliary solution-based index EXO-tree to speed up any type of NN query. EXO-tree is orthogonal to any existing NN processing algorithm and, thus, can be transparently integrated. An extensive empirical study was conducted to evaluate the CPU and I/O performance of these techniques, and the study showed that they are efficient and robust under various data sets, query ranges, numbers of nearest neighbors, dimensions, and cache sizes.     

室内概率阈值反向最近邻查询

室内空间变得越发的庞大和复杂,随之产生了越来越多的室内空间查询需求.目前已有文献提出了针对室内空间环境的范围查询和最近邻查询,而作为常见的空间查询类型的反向最近邻查询,尚未有相关的研究.为此,提出了室内概率阈值反向最近邻查询和基于定位设备的设备可达图模型.在图模型基础上,提出了室内概率阈值反向最近邻查询处理算法,该算法由基于图模型的批量剪枝、基于室内距离的剪枝、基于概率的剪枝和概率计算4部分构成,通过剪枝策略修剪掉不可能出现在结果集中的对象,从而缩小了查询空间,提高了效率.     

Continuous reverse k nearest neighbor monitoring on moving objects in road networks

Continuous reverse k nearest neighbor (CRkNN) monitoring in road networks has recently received increasing attentions. However, there is still a lack of efficient CRkNN algorithms in road networks up to now. In road networks, moving query objects and data objects are restricted by the connectivity of the road network and both the object–query distance and object–object distance updates affect the result of CRkNN queries. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for continuous and incremental evaluation of CRkNN queries in road networks. Our method is based on a novel data structure called dual layer multiway tree (DLM tree) we proposed to represent the whole monitoring region of a CRkNN query q. We propose several lemmas to reduce the monitoring region of q and the number of candidate objects as much as possible. Moreover, by associating a variable NN_count with each candidate object, we can simplify the monitoring of candidate objects. There are a large number of objects roaming in a road network and many of them are irrelevant to a specific CRkNN query of a query object q. To minimize the processing extension, for a road in the network, we give an IQL list and an IQCL list to specify the set of query objects and data objects whose location updates should be maintained for CRkNN processing of query objects. Our CRkNN method consists of two phase: the initial result generating phase and incremental maintenance phase. In each phase, algorithms with high performance are proposed to make our CRkNN method more efficient. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted and the result shows that our proposed approach is efficient and scalable in processing CRkNN queries in road networks.     

时间依赖路网中反向k近邻查询

在现存的反向k近邻查询方案中,比较高效的研究大多集中在欧氏空间或者静态路网,对时间依赖路网中的反向k近邻查询的研究相对较少。已有算法在兴趣点密度稀疏或者k值较大时,查询效率较低。对此,提出了基于子网划分的反向k近邻查询算法mTD-SubG。首先,将整个路网划分为大小相同的子网,通过子网的边界节点向其他子网进行扩展,加快对路网中兴趣点的查找速度;其次,利用剪枝技术缩小路网的扩展范围;最后, 利用已有时间依赖路网下的近邻查询算法,判定查找到的兴趣点是否为反向k近邻结果。实验中将mTD-SubG算法与已有算法mTD-Eager进行对比,结果表明mTD-SubG算法的响应时间比mTD-Eager算法减少了85.05%,遍历节点个数比mTD-Eager算法减少了51.40%。     

面向存在不确定对象的组最近邻查询方法

组最近邻查询是空间对象查询领域的一类重要查询,通过该查询可找到距离给定查询点集最近的空间对象.由于图像分辨率或解析度的限制等因素,空间对象的存在不确定性广泛存在于某些涉及图像处理的查询应用中.这些对象位置数据的存在不确定性会对组最近邻查询结果产生影响.本文给出面向存在不确定对象的概率阈值组最近邻查询定义,设计了高效的查询处理机制,通过剪枝优化等手段提高概率阈值组最近邻查询效率,并进一步提出了高效概率阈值组最近邻查询算法.采用多个真实数据集对概率阈值组最近邻算法进行了实验验证,结果表明所提算法具有良好的查询效率.     

Efficient processing of probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor queries over uncertain data

Reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) search is very crucial in many real applications. In particular, given a database and a query object, an RNN query retrieves all the data objects in the database that have the query object as their nearest neighbors. Often, due to limitation of measurement devices, environmental disturbance, or characteristics of applications (for example, monitoring moving objects), data obtained from the real world are uncertain (imprecise). Therefore, previous approaches proposed for answering an RNN query over exact (precise) database cannot be directly applied to the uncertain scenario. In this paper, we re-define the RNN query in the context of uncertain databases, namely probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor (PRNN) query, which obtains data objects with probabilities of being RNNs greater than or equal to a user-specified threshold. Since the retrieval of a PRNN query requires accessing all the objects in the database, which is quite costly, we also propose an effective pruning method, called geometric pruning (GP), that significantly reduces the PRNN search space yet without introducing any false dismissals. Furthermore, we present an efficient PRNN query procedure that seamlessly integrates our pruning method. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed GP-based PRNN query processing approach, under various experimental settings.