智能天线与MIMO

智能天线技术与MIMO无线传输技术是通信领域的重要技术突破,它能在不增加带宽与功率的情况下成倍地提高无线通信系统的容量和频谱效率,是新一代无线通信系统中的关键技术,基于此主要研究智能天线技术与MIMO技术的区别与联系,并就在智能天线系统中使用MIMO技术的可能性进行分析,为这两种技术的融合提供一定的参考。     

MIMO无线技术的研究现状

MIMO无线技术是通信领域的一项重要技术突破,堪称新一代无线通信系统中的文章详细探讨了MIMO无线通信技术的原理,并与智能天线技术进行对比,分析了国内外研究现状与发展趋势,包括MIMO的算法开发、信道建模、天线设计、测试平台构建、芯片开发与技术标准化进展等,为深入认识与研究MIMO通信技术奠定了基础.     

MIMO无线技术的研究现状

1、引言 随着无线互联网多媒体通信的快速发展，无线通信系统的容量与可靠性亟待提升，常规单天线收发通信系统面临严峻挑战。采用常规发射分集、接收分集或智能天线技术已不足以解决新一代无线通信系统的大容量与高可靠性需求问题。可幸的是，结合空时处理的多天线技术一一多人多出（MIMO）通信技术，提供了解决该问题的新途径。它在无线链路两端均采用多天线，     

MIMO无线技术的研究现状

随着无线互联网多媒体通信的快速发展，无线通信系统的容量与可靠性亟待提升，常规单天线收发通信系统面临严峻挑战。采用常规发射分集、接收分集或智能天线技术已不足以解决新一代无线通信系统的大容量与高可靠性需求问题。可幸的是，结合空时处理的多天线技术——多人多出（MIMO）通信技术，提供了解决该问题的新途径。它在无线链路两端均采用多天线，分别同时接收与发射，能够充分开发空间资源，在无需增加频谱资源和发射功率的情况下，成倍地提升通信系统的容量与可靠性。然而，与常规单天线收发通信系统相比，MIMO通信系统中多天线的应用面临大量亟待研究的问题。     

MIMO无线技术的研究现状

MIMO无线技术是通信领域的一项重要技术突破，堪称新一代无线通信系统中的关键技术之一。文章详细探讨了MIMO无线通信技术的原理，并与智能天线技术进行对比，分析了国内外研究现状与发展趋势，包括MIMO的算法开发、信道建模、天线设计、测试平台构建、芯片开发与技术标准化进展等，为深入认识与研究MIMO通信技术奠定了基础。     

基于MIMO的无线认知传感器网络研究

作为现代无线通信的核心技术,MIMO(多输入多输出)利用发射端和接收端的多副天线,来改善无线通信性能,而无需额外的无线带宽。MIMO中的空间分集、空间复用、波束形成、智能天线等可以帮助WCSN(无线认知传感器网络)接入有价值的频谱,提高链路质量和频谱效率。文章分析MIMO在阵列增益、分集增益和复用增益等方面的优势,介绍空时分组编码、空时网格编码和分层空时编码的工作原理,给出MIMO无线认知传感器网络的基本中继策略。     

移动通信系统中的多输入多输出智能天线技术

未来的移动通信支持高速率、大容量的数据业务、多输入多输出智能天线技术是实现该目的关键技术.该文阐述了MIMO智能天线技术的的基本工作原理,分析了MIMO系统的容量,探讨了MIMO所采用的空间分集和空时编码两种重要技术.     

TD-LTE网络中的多天线技术

在无线通信领域,对多天线技术的研究由来已久。其中天线分集、波束赋形、空分复用(MIMO)等技术已在3G和LTE网络中得到广泛应用。爱立信(中国)通信有限公司的《TD-LTE网络中的多天线技术》一文从多天线技术、性能、应用场景、国际商用情况及未来的演进进行了详细介绍,可供相关技术人员参考。     

多天线技术提升TD-LTE网络性能

在无线通信领域,对多天线技术的研究由来已久,其中天线分集、波束赋形、空分复用（MIMO）等技术已在3G和LTE网络中广泛应用。改善覆盖提高速率根据不同的天线应用方式,常用的多天线技术包括天线分集、波束赋形和空分复用等,具体内容见表1。     

LTE中波束成形的测试与测量解决方案

最先进的无线通信网络采用多输入/多输出(MIMO)天线技术用作改善稳健性(发射分集)或增加数据传输速率(空分复用)。3GPP UMTS长期演进(LTE)第8版规定MIMO可具有最多4个发射天线以及最多4个接收天线。然而,多天线还允许对目标进行指向性控制,从而可以更加直接地改善到终端的信号传输或提高干扰抑制能力。罗德与施瓦茨公司Bernhard Schulz所撰《LTE中波束成形的测试与测量解决方案》一文阐释了波束成形的原理以及如何在LTE中实现波束成形。此外,提供了针对基站、天线和终端中波束成形的测试解决方案。     

Multifunctional reconfigurable MEMS integrated antennas for adaptive MIMO systems

Multi-input multi-output systems with associated technologies such as smart antennas and adaptive coding and modulation techniques enhance channel capacity, diversity, and robustness of wireless communications as has been proven by many recent research results both in theory and experiments. This article focuses on the antenna aspect of MIMO systems. In particular, we emphasize the important role of the reconfigurable antenna and its links with space-time coding techniques that can be employed for further exploitation of the theoretical performance of MIMO wireless systems. The advantages of the reconfigurable antenna compared to the traditional smart antenna are discussed. Establishment of reconfigurable antennas requires novel radio frequency microelectromechanical systems technology, which has recently been developed in the authors' group. We briefly introduce this technology with emphasis on its distinct advantages over existing silicon-based MEMS technologies for reconfigurable antennas. A reconfigurable antenna design that can change its operating frequency and radiation/polarization characteristics is described. Finally, we present the experimental and theoretical results from impedance and radiation performance characterization for different antenna configurations.     

Multiple-antenna techniques for wireless communications - a comprehensive literature survey

The use of multiple antennas for wireless communication systems has gained overwhelming interest during the last decade - both in academia and industry. Multiple antennas can be utilized in order to accomplish a multiplexing gain, a diversity gain, or an antenna gain, thus enhancing the bit rate, the error performance, or the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio of wireless systems, respectively. With an enormous amount of yearly publications, the field of multiple-antenna systems, often called multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, has evolved rapidly. To date, there are numerous papers on the performance limits of MIMO systems, and an abundance of transmitter and receiver concepts has been proposed. The objective of this literature survey is to provide non-specialists working in the general area of digital communications with a comprehensive overview of this exciting research field. To this end, the last ten years of research efforts are recapitulated, with focus on spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity techniques. In particular, topics such as transmitter and receiver structures, channel coding, MIMO techniques for frequency-selective fading channels, diversity reception and space-time coding techniques, differential and non-coherent schemes, beamforming techniques and closedloop MIMO techniques, cooperative diversity schemes, as well as practical aspects influencing the performance of multiple-antenna systems are addressed. Although the list of references is certainly not intended to be exhaustive, the publications cited will serve as a good starting point for further reading.     

MIMO的天线系统设计

系统地描述了MIMO分集性能衡量指标,并对空间分集、方向图分集、极化分集进行了概念描述。进而根据MIMO系统天线设计的要求和特点,结合新型MIMO系统天线单元和天线阵列,分析了其设计思路,同时重点设计了一种用于MIMO系统的终端阵列天线,即单层矩形切角贴片天线,并对其S 参数和方向图进行了模拟和分析。模拟结果对合理设计MIMO系统发射和接收端天线阵列具有现实意义。     

On the eigenvalue distribution of smart-antenna arrays in wireless communication systems

The recent development of communication theory and smart-antenna techniques such as space-time coding (STC), which exchange efficiency for complexity, has intensified the interest in a general theory of multiple-antenna communication. These techniques use parallel channels to increase the capacity of wireless systems. The parallel channels are formed either in a natural way, due to radiowave propagation (receiving diversity, RD, RAKE), or in an artificial way, due to appropriate pre-processing and coding (transmitting diversity, TD, STC), or in both ways (multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO, systems, STC, BLAST). The demand for ubiquitous, heterogeneous, and sophisticated wireless systems has led to the need for a better understanding of fundamental issues in space-time communication theory, and their implications for the design of reliable, high-bandwidth and high-speed wireless communications. The authors discuss the issue of eigenvalue distribution for antenna arrays. The present article provides an approach that should be useful in simulations, analysis, and design of smart-antenna wireless systems. The results show that this parameter of the spatial channel has an important rcHe to play in analyzing the performance of antenna arrays in wireless systems.     

MIMO技术的发展与应用

给出了多输入多输出(MIMO)技术的概念,详细叙述了MIMO技术的研究现状,阐述了MIMO的关键技术和MIMO技术的应用,研究和分析表明无线移动通信领域智能天线技术的重大突破就是多MIMO技术,它能在不增加带宽的情况下成倍地提高通信系统的容量和频谱利用率,是下一代移动通信系统中最富有竞争力的技术之一。文章最后给出了MIMO技术今后的研究方向。     

MIMO系统工程应用分析及其SHPCA多天线系统3维信道容量

从实际工程应用的角度出发,首先对MIMO系统中的各种假设条件做了分析,认为当MIMO信道中的各个子信道相互独立时,可以采用基带联合检测(joint detection, JD)技术实现MIMO信号的分离与合并;如果考虑实际应用场景且当MIMO系统中多根天线发送同频信号时,JD技术无法分离出细多径信号,会使得系统空分复用(space division multiplexing, SDM)增益下降。为此基于对Shannon公式和相控天线阵系统（phase-controlled antenna array , PCA）的讨论,提出了一个新颖的多天线系统-SHPCA系统,该SHPCA系统能够有效地利用相控阵天线产生的定向窄波束来实现SDM功能,提升多天线系统的性能。SHPCA系统容量可用一个三维信道容量公式来描述,空间为第三维度。与传统信道容量度量相比,该模型能更直观的反映SHPCA多天线系统的空分复用作用和收发天线配置对系统容量的影响。      

THz antennas design,developments, challenges,and applications: A review

Terahertz (0.1–10 THz) wireless communication will be the future technology to reach a top-notch data rate. THz is one of the most promising candidates for 6G systems because it provides enormous bandwidth, up to 100 GHz, and a massive data rate of up to 1 Tbps. THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antenna arrays in 6G are hot research topics for implementing 6G wireless communication systems. The 6G aims to continue to enhance the features of the 5G as it is capable of achieving the maximum high-speed data rate, excellent reliable communication, massive connectivity, and very low latency connectivity. The 6G requirements need high-gain antenna arrays and MIMO antenna arrays to combat the effect of atmospheric losses in high frequencies. An in-depth discussion of the planar THz antennas that have been extensively used in THz applications like imaging, sensing, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been conducted. The study of the THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antennas on different conducting materials such as copper and graphene, which are designed on different dielectric substrates such as polyimide, quartz, liquid crystalline polymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene, has been carried out in detail. Metamaterial, photoconductive, plasmonic antennas, and THz beamforming are significant parts of THz communications. This paper also provides antennas and antenna arrays based on them.     

基于智能天线技术的TD-SCDMA系统应用研究

基于智能天线技术的TD-SCDMA系统是目前无线通信领域研究的热点。为了研究TD-SCDMA系统,通过分析TD-SCDMA系统概况、关键技术和智能天线技术的方法,得出智能天线技术己被确认为TD-SCDMA系统的关键技术之一。该技术将会在未来移动通信系统中发挥重要的作用。     

MIMO系统中天线选择的关键技术及其应用

多天线MIMO系统利用多个收、发天线有效地改善无线通信系统性能,提高系统容量,增强系统可靠性.然而使用多个射频的MIMO系统增加了天线的体积、功率和硬件,从而增加了成本.天线选择是一种低成本、低复杂度的有效方法,可以利用多天线系统的多数优点.使用天线选择技术可以降低系统成本和复杂度,同时保留MIMO系统的优越性能.文中考虑了天线选择系统的一些实际应用问题,RF预处理,训练序列等的实际应用.最后,给出了一些天线选择的结论.