HIOKI3280-10型钳形数字万用表电阻测量系统测量不确定度的评定及动态预测

本文首先阐述了对测量系统进行测量不确定度评定的重要意义，通过对HIOKI3289-10型钳形数字万用表电阻的测量不确定度的评定和动态分析，提出并利用了灰色理论的GM(1，1)模型对该测量系统进行动态预测，建立了该测量系统测量不确定度的动态预测模型，并对该预测模型的预测准确度进行了检验，检验结果表明该预测模型能比较准确地预测该测量系统的测量不确定度的变化趋势，为了持续保证测量结果的质量，本文最后给出了几点结论和建议。     

蒸馏酒乙醇浓度的测量不确定度评估

本文针对蒸馏酒中乙醇浓度的现行分析方法——国家标准方法，依据CNAL／AG06：2003《测量不确定度政策实施指南》，对该分析方法的测量不确定度进行了计算和评估。     

基于频标比对法测量频率的不确定度评定方法

频率测量结果的不确定度是频率测量系统测量质量的重要指标,按照不确定的A类和B类分量的评定方法,本文分析了用频标比对法对高精度频率源进行测量时各种因素影响引入的不确定度,并提出了该方法测频的不确定度评定公式,同时又给出了频率源老化率指标的不确定度评定方法.实验表明,本文的不确定度分析方法是正确和有效的.     

激光散斑引起象强度中心漂移的计算机模拟

本文对这个基本不确定度进行了计算机模拟研究，所得模拟曲线与Ｒ．Ｇ．Ｄｏｒｓｃｈ，Ｇ．Ｈａｕｓｌｅｒ等人的研究基本一致。此外，还对基本不确定度与表面粗糙度的关系，基本不确定度与成象系统点扩散函数内所包含的相关单元的关系进行了研究。     

间接测量系统模型的不确定度分析

从间接测量系统模型化分析的角度出发,根据测试变量的数目、类型等特征,以及系统输出与输入间的函数关系,并结合一些实际的电学、力学参数计量检定实例,讨论了在不同的间接测量系统模型中测量不确定度的评定方法,对ISO测量不确定度评定导则中给出的标准不确定度分析方法进行了补充和扩展。     

浅谈测量不确定度及在评判测量系统能中的应用

文章详细阐述了测量不确定度的定义、测量不确定度的计算方法及步骤、测量不确定与测量能力的关系，以“三坐标测量光孔和螺纹孔位置度”为例，具体讲述了测量不确定度和测量能力的计算方法及如何利用测量不确定度评价测量系统适用性的方法。     

动态不确定度及其在测量系统中的应用

动态不确定度的观点使传统不确定度的评定由静态进入动态，充分考虑了测量系统动态性的特点．是测量不确定度发展的方向。动态不确定度的灰色模型评价方法对动态不确定度的评价进行了尝试，是动态不确定度评定的有益参考。动态不确定度在测量系统的均匀设计、检定周期的评定以及预防性维护计划与纠正性维护计划中的应用．为测量系统从最初的开发设计到使用中的管理维护提供了一条科学、实用和量化的指南。动态不确定度的研究对计量管理学具有重要意义，本文为一家之言，欢迎广大读者讨论。     

测量不确定度的相关概念及评定方法的探讨

介绍了测量不确定度的意义，对测量不确定度及误差等相关概念进行了分析讨论，对产生测量不确定度的主要因素、测量不确定度的基本评定方法及合成不确定度和扩展不确定度的计算进行了阐述。     

蒸馏酒乙醇浓度的测量不确定度评估

本文针对蒸馏酒中乙醇浓度的现行分析方法———国家标准方法[1] ,依据CNAL/AG0 6 2 0 0 3《测量不确定度政策实施指南》[2 ] ,对该分析方法的测量不确定度进行了计算和评估     

CMM在产品检验中的不确定度分析与合格性判定

采用测量系统分析方法,基于量值特性指标对三坐标测量机在产品检验中的不确定度进行评定。以测量不确定度作为产品检验的质量指标,结合产品设计精度,建立产品合格判定的误判率与产品设计公差、产品检验结果估计值和不确定度的数学模型。通过三坐标测量机对零件进行产品检验实验,对测量系统的量值特性给出合理评价,在产品检验不确定度评定基础上对产品的合格性做出判定,并计算可能存在的误判率,以验证理论方法的可行性与可操作性。     

基于多项式混沌理论的不确定度评定与分析

针对基于ISO GUM提供的测量不确定度评估方法所存在的局限,提出了采用多项式混沌方法进行测量结果不确定度评估的新方法。分析了GUM测量不确定度评估方法所隐含的假设条件,给出了多项式混沌方法的测量不确定度评估原理。通过GUM与多项式混沌方法扩展不确定度包含因子估计误差的数值计算表明,当随机变量的PDF不满足高斯分布时,多项式混沌估计方法所获得的扩展不确定度更能反映实际情况。     

Uncertainty Due to Finite Resolution Measurements

We investigate the influence of finite resolution on measurement uncertainty from the perspective of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). Finite resolution in a measurement that is perturbed by Gaussian noise yields a distribution of results that strongly depends on the location of the true value relative to the resolution increment. We show that there is no simple expression relating the standard deviation of the distribution of measurement results to the associated uncertainty at a specified level of confidence. There is, however, an analytic relation between the mean value and the standard deviation of the measurement distribution. We further investigate the conflict between the GUM and ISO 14253-2 regarding the method of evaluating the standard uncertainty due to finite resolution and show that, on average, the GUM method is superior, but still approximate.     

Estimation of measurement uncertainties using virtual fringe projection technique

One of the main tasks of the quality test is the inspection of all relevant geometric parts related to the predefined tolerance range, whereas the uncertainty of measurement has to be less than the tolerance range. The reachable uncertainty of measurement can be determined using method A of the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), which is expensive and time consuming and has to be carried out for each individual metrologic case. Furthermore, it is possible to check the suitability of the measurement system for the planned inspection using virtual measurement techniques and therewith to reduce the time and money spent. This means that the uncertainty of measurement is estimated using method B of the GUM. In this paper, a virtual fringe projection system is used for the estimation of the uncertainty of measurement, which is compared with the uncertainty of measurement determined with a real measurement system using method A of the GUM. With the presented method, it is possible to calculate an optimal measurement position within the measurement volume, based on a minimum uncertainty of measurement. Thereby, the influence of the operator related to the uncertainty can be significantly reduced.     

计量学的新进展

介绍计量学的三个分支科学计量、工业计量和法制计量的国际和国内最新发展动态.在科学计量中主要介绍有关GUM的增补工作和VIM修订工作;在工业计量中介绍了2000版ISO10012与1994版ISO10012的比较;在法制计量中介绍了《计量法》拟修订的内容.     

An Approach to Combining Results From Multiple Methods Motivated by the ISO GUM

The problem of determining a consensus value and its uncertainty from the results of multiple methods or laboratories is discussed. Desirable criteria of a solution are presented. A solution motivated by the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO GUM) is introduced and applied in a detailed worked example. A Bayesian hierarchical model motivated by the proposed solution is presented and compared to the solution.     

Quantitative estimation of uncertainty in human risk analysis

This paper is aimed to candidate the use of an ISO standard procedure (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, GUM) for quantitative evaluation of uncertainty in Human Risk estimation under chronic exposure to a hazardous chemical compound. Risk was evaluated by using the usual methodologies: the deterministic reasonable maximum exposure (RME) and the statistical Monte Carlo method; in both cases the procedures to evaluate the uncertainty on risk values are detailed. The paper put in evidence that the procedure is able to single out the variables that contribute mostly to the uncertainty. The obtained results show that the application of GUM procedure is easy and straightforward to estimate the uncertainty value on the results of risk estimation. The procedure is applied to a real case concerning the ingestion of milk contaminated by dioxins in a northern part of Italy; the risk value resulted to be over the minimal threshold of 10(-6) with 20-80% confidence.     

输入估计值的测量不确定度评定

本文所介绍的与1993年由ISO等7个国际组织联合发表的《测量不确定表示指南》（简称《指南》）完全一致，只是指南上的实用于物理测量的绝大多数领域，而本文介绍的仅适用于校准实验的测量。同时本文主要侧重于对输入估计值的A类测量不确定度和B类测量不确定度的评定的介绍，为输出估计值的测量不确定度评定奠定了良好的基础。     

Preliminary Study for the Establishment of DC Charge Calibration Facility at CSIR-NPL Using Charged Capacitance Source

The present paper reports the details of the preliminary study towards the establishment of DC charge calibration facility at CSIR-NPL down to pico-coulomb ranges using charged capacitance source. The work involves the development of an automated electric charge generation and measurement setup using automation measurement program developed in LabVIEW programming environment. Charge measurements down to 100 pC have been performed with very good measurement accuracy and the expanded uncertainty has been evaluated as per ISO GUM document.     

Bayesian decision threshold, detection limit and confidence limits in ionising-radiation measurement

Based on Bayesian statistics and the Bayesian theory of measurement uncertainty, characteristic limits such as the decision threshold, detection limit and limits of a confidence interval can be calculated taking into account all sources of uncertainty. This approach consists of the complete evaluation of a measurement according to the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the successive determination of the characteristic limits by using the standard uncertainty obtained from the evaluation. This procedure is elaborated here for several particular models of evaluation. It is, however, so general that it allows for a large variety of applications to similar measurements. It is proposed for the revision of those parts of DIN 25482 and ISO 11929 that are still based on conventional statistics and, therefore, do not allow to take completely into account all the components of measurement uncertainty in the calculation of the characteristic limits.