Sound insulation property of wood–waste tire rubber composite

The sound insulation property of wood/used tire rubber composite panel (WRCP) was investigated. A four-microphone method was used to measure the sound transmission losses of three different composite panels: WRCP, commercial compound wooden floorboard and commercial wood-based particleboard. The WRCP was manufactured in the lab with commercial urea–formaldehyde (UF) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) adhesives. The test results indicated that sound insulation property of WRCP is better than that of commercial compound wooden floorboard and wood-based particleboard. In addition, the acoustic insulation of WRCP is significantly affected by the amount of rubber crumbs and PMDI adhesive used in the composite. An increase in the usage of recycled tire rubber crumbs and the dosage of PMDI adhesive significantly improve the soundproof property of the WRCP. Moreover, the microstructure of WRCP was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sound insulation effect is also dependant on the microstructure of the interface zone of wood/rubber and densification of WRCP. The continuous interfaces are formed in the presence of sufficient UF and PMDI adhesives resulted in better soundproof WRCP.     

Biological performance of wood–plastic composites containing zinc borate: Laboratory and 3-year field test results

Six different formulations of wood–plastic composites (WPC) fabricated from wood and polypropylene (PP) were tested in the laboratory against decay and termites and in a protected above-ground field test in southern Japan. Variables examined included comparisons of untreated and zinc borate (ZnB) incorporated formulations, wood content ratio, wood particle size and increased surface area via surface grooves (channels) to promote moisture infusion. A standard method originally designed to test durability of solid wood was modified for testing WPC. Wood decay fungi and Formosan subterranean termite activity in laboratory and field tests resulted in different mass losses, post-decay moisture contents and field test ratings depending on their wood and ZnB content. The results show that as wood content increased, mass losses also increased. Addition of ZnB at 1% (w/w) retention level significantly decreased mass losses of wood–plastic composite when exposed to laboratory decay and termite tests. The effects of surface grooves and wood particle size were less important, compared to wood particle content. All WPC tested were highly resistant to fungal decay under protected above-ground field conditions during 36 months. Termite attack, on the other hand, started at earlier stage reducing mean ratings 1 year after the installation.     

重质粒子/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料的制备及其隔声性能

为了制备一种轻质高效的隔声材料,本研究以丁腈橡胶（NBR）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混为主体材料,采用一步模压发泡工艺制备了重质粒子（HMP）/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料。通过SEM、动态力学分析和声阻抗管测试探究了橡塑比对HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料泡孔结构、阻尼性能和隔声性能等方面的影响,并进一步对其隔声机制进行了分析。研究结果表明：微孔结构的存在增加了声能量在材料内部传播过程中的衰减,提高了HMP/NBR-PVC复合材料的隔声性能。NBR与PVC质量比为50：50的HMP/NBR-PVC微孔阻尼复合材料具有良好的泡孔结构、力学性能和阻尼性能,其隔声指数高达28.1 dB。这种质轻、质软且易加工的橡塑微孔阻尼复合材料对新型隔声材料开发与应用具有一定的指导意义。     

高架轨道桥梁新型橡胶减振支座的减振效果分析

为减小列车在高架轨道桥梁上运行引起的环境振动,开发了一种新型橡胶减振支座。此新型支座采用高阻尼厚层橡胶块倾斜布置的设计方案,在实现竖向减振的同时还可以提供较大的横向水平刚度;为研究这种新型支座的减振效果,建立了上部质量块-橡胶减振支座-桥墩体系有限元模型,采用竖向扫频激振的方式对其减振效果进行数值模拟;设计了一系列工况对影响新型支座减振效果的因素进行分析。研究表明:激振力幅值对新型支座的振动插入损失无影响,但增大桥墩高度会导致新型支座的振动插入损失减小;当激振力幅值取140 kN、桥墩高度取6 m时,新型支座的振动插入损失为17.53 dB;在满足承载力的情况下,增大橡胶块的倾角、增大橡胶块中橡胶层总厚度、减少橡胶层数的划分,可以降低新型支座的压缩刚度,进而提高新型支座的减振效果。     

天然橡胶与其环氧化物并用胶基复合材料的黏弹阻尼性能

为改善天然橡胶（NR）的阻尼性能,在密炼机中以质量比20：80混合不同环氧度环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）与天然橡胶制备ENR-NR并用橡胶基体,在橡胶基体的混炼与开炼过程加入其他填充组分（硫磺、促进剂2,2'-二硫代二苯并噻唑（DM）、促进剂N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺（CZ）、ZnO、硬脂酸、炭黑）得到了宽温域阻尼ENR-NR基复合材料。采用橡胶加工分析仪和动态力学热分析仪,研究了ENR-NR混炼胶和硫化胶的动态力学和阻尼性能。结果表明：NR环氧化增强了分子链局部刚性,改善了胶体与填料的黏结性,但ENR吸附较多炭黑后不易均匀分散于连续相NR中。因此,ENR-NR并用混炼胶的黏度和储能模量随ENR环氧度增大而增加;在NR中加入ENR可改善硫化胶的弹性和阻尼性能。ENR-NR并用胶的有效阻尼温度范围拓宽到较高温度,环氧度为25的ENR与NR并用后,有效阻尼温度范围为-57~1℃,明显宽于NR的-57~-20℃,但高环氧度并用胶则出现阻尼失效区。加入少量ENR对NR的硬度、模量和断裂伸长率影响不大。     

Hybrid truss concepts for carbon fiber composite pyramidal lattice structures

A novel hybrid truss construction concept is presented that incorporates a second-phase core material into trusses of carbon fiber (CF) composite pyramidal lattice (CPL) structures. Embedded core materials of wood and silicone rubber are selected for trial structures. Hybrid CPL structures were fabricated using a hot press molding approach and out-of-plane compression tests were performed to investigate properties. For prototype wood–core truss CPL, structural efficiencies increased comparing with solid truss CPL, while energy absorption capability was enhanced for rubber–core truss CPL. Employing the hybrid truss construction, the density-specific performance space of CF composite lattice structures can be expanded, and desired functional potential can be realized by judicious selection of core materials while simultaneously retaining structural properties.     

受阻酚AO-60/丁腈橡胶-环氧化天然橡胶-天然橡胶复合材料的制备及其阻尼性能

选用受阻酚AO-60/丁腈橡胶（NBR）（质量比40:100）作为阻尼相,环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）作为相容剂,制备了AO-60/NBR-ENR-天然橡胶（NR）复合材料。研究发现,复合材料的微观结构呈"海岛结构",当质量比NR/NBR为60:40和50:50时,体系中出现双连续相结构。复合材料呈现两个玻璃化转变温度,分别出现在-60℃附近和-10℃附近;随着AO-60/NBR质量比的增加,在-20~40℃温度范围内复合材料的有效阻尼温域从0℃拓宽到35.9℃,且损耗因子随应变增大有小幅提升。复合材料在低应变下呈现低应力,表现出高柔性,同时其在较高应变下存在应力突变点,表现出较高的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率。      

玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶阻尼复合材料研究

为了改善橡胶的力学性能和阻尼性能,以橡胶、纤维和铅为原料设计了玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶阻尼复合材料,研究了不同玻璃纤维增强铅网铺层数量的横向玻璃纤维增强铅网/橡胶复合材料力学性能和阻尼性能,分析了其阻尼机制.结果表明,复合材料具有比橡胶更高的力学性能和阻尼特性,其刚度随铅网铺层数量的增加而提高,而阻尼损耗因子与铺层数呈非线性关系.复合材料中存在材料变形耗能、界面耗能、摩擦耗能等多种阻尼损耗机制.     

Composite wrist blocks for double arm type robots for handling large LCD glass panels

Recently, robot structures handling liquid crystal display (LCD) glass panels are increased in size as the size of LCD is increased. In order to handle large LCD panels, the robot structures should have high stiffness to reduce the deflection of robot end effector under the weights of LCD. The LCD manufacturing industries have a trend to employ double arm type robots rather than single arm type robots to increase productivity. Currently, two aluminum wrist blocks that have different configurations not to interfere with each other are mounted on the robot arms. The aluminum wrist block becomes one of the largest deflection sources as the size of the robot structures increases. Since the size of the wrist block can not be increased indefinitely to increase the stiffness due to the limitation of driving motor power, the best way to increase the stiffness of the wrist block is to employ carbon fiber epoxy composite material for structural material of the wrist block because the carbon fiber epoxy composite material has much higher specific stiffness and damping than aluminum. In this work, the two wrist blocks for the double arm type robot for handling large LCD glass panels were designed and manufactured using foam core sandwich structure. Finite element analysis was used along with an optimization routine to design the composite wrist blocks. Box type sandwich structures were employed to reduce shear effect arising from the low modulus of polyurethane foam core. The weight reduction of the composite wrist blocks was more than 50% compared to those of comparable aluminum wrist blocks and found that the composite wrist blocks had much improved performances compared to those of the aluminum wrist blocks from the static and dynamic tests.     

Electrospray ionization using wooden tips

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a mass spectrometric technique widely used in various fields including chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmaceutical industry, clinical assessment, and forensic science. In this study, we report a simple and economical ESI-mass spectrometry (MS) technique, which makes use of disposable wooden tips (wooden toothpicks) for loading and ionization of samples. Samples could be loaded by normal pipetting onto the tip or simply dipping the tip into sample solutions. The hydrophilic and porous nature of wood allows effective adhesion of the sample solution for durable ion signals. The tip can be directly connected to nano-ESI ion sources of various mass spectrometers. Upon application of high voltage to the tip, desirable mass spectra could be obtained. We demostrated that this new technique is applicable for analysis of various samples, including organic compounds, organometallic compounds, peptides, proteins, and samples that cannot be directly analyzed by conventional ESI techniques, e.g., slurry samples and powder samples. The slim and hard properties of the wooden tip enable sampling from specific locations such as corners and small openings, indicating potential applications of the new technique in forensic investigations. The observation of electrospray ionization from wooden materials also allows us to get new insights into the materials that can be directly ionized for mass spectrometric analysis.     

基于木质旧家具原型特征的再生设计与改装利用

目的木质旧家具作为主要的城市固体废弃物,具备多种被转化再利用的方式,本文通过艺术设计方式的研究来实现木质旧家具的快速回收处理以及资源转化利用,增加旧木家具回收利用的艺术性和装饰性。方法木质旧家具的回收利用依托于形体、部件两个基本旧木家具原型特征元素,通过案例调查、实际调研以及具体案例设计,研究木质旧家具的再生设计与改装利用手法。结论收集、整理并分析了木质旧家具回收设计中再生设计的6个主要方面,研究了木质旧家具高质量、高效率、艺术化及趣味化的改装利用手段,通过实际回收设计利用案例,进一步验证了基于旧木家具原型特征的再生设计和改装利用的可行性及创造性。     

钢板─高聚物─钢板层压复合材料的减振特性

研究了由聚氨酯、橡胶及５０２胶作为夹层的钢板─高聚物─钢板层压复合材料的减振特性，结果指出，采用聚氨酯及其橡胶作夹层制得的复合材料具有很好的减振特性，而用５０２胶作夹层，不能改善减振效果．     

沸石胶凝增强复合包装板材的制备及性能

目的 为了拓展固废资源化的应用,本研究以生物质废料（秸秆粉、废木屑）为基体,以预处理后的污水污泥焚烧灰作为填料,采用热压成型制备了一种沸石胶凝增强复合包装板材。方法 通过XRD、SEM等方法表征预处理前后填料的元素组成、晶体结构、微观形貌等,并研究预处理填料对制备复合包装板材性能的影响趋势以及增强机制。结果 添加质量分数为22.5%的预处理后的填料制备的复合板材,其弯曲强度为27.73MPa,压缩强度为44.38MPa,在力学性能、隔热性能和吸水厚度膨胀率等方面均明显优于未经过预处理的对照组,满足GB/T7284—2016《框架木箱》、GB/T23898—2009《木托盘用人造板》等国家标准的要求。复合板材性能的增强主要归因于预处理引起填料相组成及结构的变化。由于方沸石晶相的生成,填料对自身和基体的吸附性、易分散性得到极大改善。结论 经过预处理的填料制备的沸石胶凝增强复合包装板材性能优异,在木包装领域及建筑领域具有广阔的应用前景。该研究可为大宗固体废弃物资源化利用提供高附加值的解决方案,还可以为缓解林产资源短缺的现状提供新的思路。     

阻尼橡胶的改性研究

采用复合助剂Ａ作改性剂来改善阻尼橡胶的焦烧性能和溶解性能，研究结果表明，复合助剂Ａ的含量为０．６％时所改性的阻尼橡胶具有较好的焦烧性能，能溶解的时间提高了４倍，同时，其改性阻尼橡胶的吸声效果提高了５０５，改性阻尼橡胶的粘着强度有所下降，但能满足雷达的使用要求。     

Damping and Mechanical Properties of Cocured Composite Laminates with Embedded Perforate Viscoelastic Layer

The composite laminates with embedded acrylonitrile butadiene rubber(NBR) layer were fabricated by cocuring process.The embedded layers were perforated with a series of small holes to allow resin to flow through the damping layer and completely couple the structure to improve bending stiffness and interlaminar shearing strength of these cocured composite laminates.The damping,bending stiffness and shearing strength of these composite laminates with different perforation diameters were investigated.The exper...     

高刚度高阻尼结构试验研究

利用预置变形碳纤维梁、螺旋弹簧、碟簧和橡胶块构成一种高刚度高阻尼结构,其承载刚度和阻尼均较大。为了便于对高刚度高阻尼结构的力学性能进行评价,提出技术指标,即:等效弹性模量、等效阻尼系数和等效刚度系数。在此基础上,设计静动态力学试验,验证高刚度高阻尼结构设计方法的有效性并评价其力学性能。试验结果表明,高刚度高阻尼结构的等效弹性模量显著大于单个预置变形碳纤维梁;等效阻尼系数随着频率增大而减小,等效刚度系数随着频率增大而增大,分别大于104 Ns/m和107 N/m。由此证明,高刚度高阻尼结构的设计方法有效,且实现了输出刚度和阻尼均较大的设计目标。     

Termites: Pest or producer?

Subterranean termites are one of the most destructive but also one of the most beneficial insect groups in the world! There is no denying that termites are a powerful force when structures are infested with a large colony with many mouths to feed. Yet, in nature, without that powerful force you would find yourself knee deep in wood and cellulose debris from fallen trees. So, the trick is in keeping termites in the forests where they can perform the beneficial work they are intended to do while keeping them away from our homes where they can cause damage. Reprinted from The Stress Point, with permission from Engineering Design & Testing Corp.     

玻璃纤维芯-铅网增强橡胶复合材料动态性能

制备了具有不同结构和界面结合强度的玻璃纤维芯2铅网增强橡胶复合材料( GF- Pb/ R) , 并通过测试复合材料的力滞回线, 研究了其在3～20 Hz 时的动态性能。结果表明, GF- Pb 网增强结构可以同时提高橡胶的动态力学性能和阻尼性能, 其中GF-Pb 网垂向增强方式的性能改善效果明显, 当GF-Pb 网体积分数为4 %时, 其动刚度和损耗因子的提高率可分别达到49 %和25 %。GF- Pb/ R 复合材料阻尼性能是材料阻尼、界面微滑移阻尼、Pb 塑性变形阻尼等多种阻尼机制共同作用的结果。界面粘结强度显著影响了复合材料的力学性能和阻尼行为: GF-Pb/ R 刚度随界面结合强度的增大而提高; 损耗因子按照界面中等强度结合、强结合、弱结合的顺序递增。      

黏弹阻尼层共固化复合材料不同温度下的阻尼性能

采用共固化工艺制备了以丁腈橡胶为黏弹性阻尼层的复合材料 , 应用动态机械分析仪(DMA)测定了该材料损耗因子的温度谱 , 并对不同温度环境下该材料的阻尼性能和阻尼机制进行了分析。结果表明 : 当温度处于阻尼层玻璃态和高弹态区时 , 共固化复合材料损耗因子较小且随温度变化不大 ; 当温度处于阻尼层黏流态区时 ,共固化复合材料的损耗因子迅速增加到最大值后变小 , 最大损耗因子为 19. 2 % , 约为未插入黏弹阻尼层复合材料的 13倍; 共固化过程中阻尼层损耗因子的减小 , 使共固化复合材料的阻尼性能降低 , 并在阻尼层的黏流态区其损耗因子明显小于预报结果 ; 界面阻尼的影响提高了共固化复合材料的阻尼性能 , 并在阻尼层的玻璃态区其损耗因子大于预报结果。      

木粉/PE复合材料与高速钢刀具摩擦特性的研究

目的 切削加工时木工刀具的摩擦磨损形式较为复杂,旨在研究高速钢与木粉/PE复合材料之间的摩擦特性.方法 通过木粉/PE复合材料与高速钢的摩擦试验,围绕木粉质量分数、往复频率、轴向载荷等因素,分析木粉/PE复合材料与高速钢摩擦因数的变化规律,以及试验后木粉/PE复合材料的表面形貌.结果 木粉/PE复合材料与高速钢刀具的摩擦因数随着木粉质量分数的增加呈现出先升高再降低的趋势,在木粉质量分数为50％时达到最大,摩擦特性为磨粒摩擦及粘着摩擦.结论 随着频率、载荷的升高,木粉质量分数较高的木粉/PE复合材料摩擦因数明显降低,高速钢刀具更适用于切削加工木粉质量分数较高的木粉/PE复合材料;摩擦试验后木粉/PE复合材料粗糙度显著降低,使用高速钢刀具切削加工木粉/PE复合材料,木粉质量分数为50％的材料试验后形貌较为平整,这为获得较好的表面切削质量提供了有力参考.