聚乙烯材料耐候性能研究进展

综述了聚乙烯材料耐候性能的影响因素,包括自身结构因素及外部环境因素;系统分析了聚乙烯的老化机理,主要有热氧老化、光氧老化和环境应力开裂,其中前两者都与自由基链式反应有关;最后概括了改善聚乙烯材料耐候性能的方法,主要为添加抗氧剂、光稳定剂和控制加工工艺。     

受阻胺光稳定剂进展

1 前言在氧存在下,暴露于阳光和高能射线中的高分子材料会发生光氧化降解(光氧老化)作用,导致其制品变色,表面失去光泽,产生裂纹,最终失去使用价值。光稳定剂能够抑制或减缓光氧老化作用,极大地延长聚合物制品的使用寿命。     

受阻胺光稳定剂作用机制及其适用性研究综述

受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)是一种被广泛应用在塑料行业的新型高效助剂。本文综述了HALS捕获自由基、氢过氧化物分解、猝灭单线态氧三种作用机理,以及其在聚烯烃防光老化、防热老化方面的应用,并对HALS的发展进行了展望。     

聚乙烯材料热及光氧老化的研究进展

通过对聚乙烯自由基的氧化反应机理及其老化影响因素的讨论，比较了常见的热氧老化与光氧老化两种类型的差别，分析了热氧老化中的交联原因和光氧老化中羰基及氢过氧化物的引发作用，提出了聚乙烯材料老化机理研究的一些新的思路。     

新型聚丙烯稳定化体系的应用研究

通过与常规受阻胺类光稳定剂Tinuvin622、Chimassorb944的对比配方实验，考核了复合型光稳定剂BW-6911对聚丙烯的光稳定化效果及耐热氧老化协同效应，建立了新型聚丙烯稳定化体系。     

聚丙烯耐老化改性研究

分别采用抗氧剂(1010或1076)及光稳定剂(UV-531或UV-770)作为抗老化助剂对聚丙烯(PP)进行了改性,考察了两类抗老化助剂对PP耐老化性能的影响。结果表明:两类抗老化助剂的添加分别改善了PP的耐热氧老化性能和耐紫外光老化性能。其中,抗氧剂1010对PP耐热氧老化性能的改善效果优于1076,二者的适宜添加量均为0.2%左右;光稳定剂UV-531对PP耐紫外光老化性能的改善效果优于UV-770,二者的最佳用量约为0.3%左右。     

聚氯乙烯热稳定剂及其开发研究趋势

综述了聚氯乙烯热老化与稳定化机理研究的最新进展，详细介绍了种类热稳定剂的应用性能与特点，结合国内品种开发现状分析热稳定剂开发研究趋势。     

塑料助剂开发及应用──光稳定剂

塑料助剂开发及应用──光稳定剂王克智（山西省化工研究所０３００２１）０概述对于塑料的户外应用来说，耐候性是衡量制品性能优劣的重要标志。尽管影响塑料耐候性的因素很多，但光老化尤为重要。就本质而言，太阳光中的紫外线是导致聚合物光氧降解的根本，使用以抑制和...     

聚氨酯材料的老化降解与稳定化研究进展

介绍了聚氨酯的降解与稳定化机理，综述了用于聚氨酯的紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂的一些品种。讨论了紫外线吸收剂(UV-571，UV-328)、抗氧剂(Irganox 1010、Irganox1135、Irganox3125)，受阻胺(HALS)(UV-770，UV-765)等稳定剂对聚氨酯材料的光氧、热老化的影响，结果表明，同时使用上述3类稳定剂可得到较好的效果     

抗氧剂与光稳定剂结构效应与作用机理

聚合物尤其是存在弱链键和双烯结构的大分子链,在接受太阳紫外线辐射后,易发生光诱发的氧化降解反应(老化)。为抑制或延缓聚合物的光氧老化速度,目前人们惯用的措施是添加紫外光稳定剂、抗氧剂和重金属离子钝化剂。本文较为系统地论述了紫外光稳定剂和抗氧剂等有机化合物的化学分子结构特征和它们的功能团所发挥的作用机理。     

2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化制备2,3,5-三甲基-1,4-苯醌研究进展

2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化制备2,3,5-三甲基-1,4-苯醌相对于传统的磺化-氧化法具有产品收率高、过程简单、条件温和以及环境友好等特点。本文针对2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化制备2,3,5-三甲基-1,4-苯醌的均相催化氧化和非均相催化氧化工艺进行了综述,对两种工艺的发展过程及研究现状进行了评价及总结。详细讨论了不同方法和路线在催化活性、选择性以及产品分离和催化剂回收等方面的优缺点,简要分析并总结了2,3,6-三甲基苯酚一步氧化研究的发展规律和最新动态,展望了以非均相催化反应机制为重点的微观机理研究和以提高催化剂循环稳定性、降低制备成本为重点的工业化探索两个潜在的发展方向。     

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale,environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

振动丝法测定常压和加压下液体的黏度和密度

介绍了自行研制的高温高压振动丝黏度密度仪的构造和测定原理,并以正戊烷作为实验流体对仪器的可靠性和准确性进行了测试.测定了环己烷在323.15～413.15 K温度范围内、正辛烷在313.15～393.15 K温度范围内、苯在303.15～445.15 K温度范围内压力分别为常压和6.10 MPa、正庚烷和异辛烷在298.15～403.15 K温度范围内压力分别为常压和5.10 MPa下的黏度与密度,并分别对不同压力下的黏度、密度数据进行了关联.     

木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究进展

将木质素作为一种有机颗粒填料添加到热塑性塑料中,可解决造纸黑液资源化利用、石油原料日渐紧张以及环境污染加剧等严峻问题。而木质素与热塑性塑料之间相容性直接影响木质素在塑料工业中的应用与发展。首先简要概述了木质素结构与性质和木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料的性能分析,然后系统地阐述国内外研究木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容方法及其原理;增容方法按添加相容剂、改性木质素和改性塑料进行归类,并对3种增容方法进行比较分析;接着综述了木质素复合材料中增容方法的交叉复合使用;最后对未来木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究方向以及思路进行了展望。     

Characterization of chlorophyll pigments present in canola seed,meal and oil

Chlorophyll pigments present in canola seed, meal and crude and degummed oils were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Chlorophylls a and b, low levels of pheophytin a, and occasionally traces of pheophorbide and its methyl ester were present in canola seed. Meals and oils contained magnesium-deficient chlorophyll pigments such as pheophorbide a, methylpheophorbide a, pheophytins a and b, and pyropheophytins a and b but not chlorophyll a or b. The amounts of chlorophyll pigments were oil > seed >> meal. Both crude and degummed oils contained pheophytin a and pyropheophytin a as main components, but the ratio of pyropheophytin a to pheophytin a was markedly higher in degummed oils. No pheophorbides were detected in degummed oils. These results suggest that oil processing steps such as extraction and degumming affect the composition of chlorophyll pigments. Publication No. 678 Canadian Grain Commission.     

塑料挤出机螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的强化与应用

对塑料挤出机,注塑机螺杆,机筒的磨损,腐蚀原因及提高螺杆,机筒耐磨损,耐腐蚀的方法、制造与应用作了较详尽的介绍。     

A Simulation Model for Heat Pump Dryer Plants for Fruits and Roots.

Dryer design requires food properties, drying rate and mass-heat transfer coefficients. These values change continuously during drying due to changes in food fractions, particularly the water fraction. The high energy demand and costs allied to inefficient devices, creates a great need for new processing equipment. Along these guide-lines, several heat pump drying research projects were established at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The heat pump dryer provides high quality final product as its drying conditions can be controlled. Its efficiency and non-polluting operation come from closed air-refrigerant circuits and from its ability to fully recover the latent heat of moist air as it exits the drying chamber. Most of the above features are quite the opposite of the conventional dryer characteristics. Several experiments were made on heat pump drying of fruits and roots at temperatures from -22.5 to 40°C to obtain data and correlations on thermophysical properties, specific enthalpy and rehydration. Also, tests were done on drying rate, moisture content, drying constant, effective mass diffusivity and heat and mass transfer equations. The next important phase is the development of a simulation model to predict the performance and characteristics of the heat pump dryer plant. The objectives of the present work are to develop and lo test a heat pump dryer simulation model. The simulation provides results on the characteristics of both plant and components which are integrated by heat and mass transfer equations. The program has menus with click-on icons, input and output pop-up dialogue boxes. The usual commands such as, file-open, file-save, edit-delete are available in this program simply called Hpdryer. The model contains moist air psychrometric. natural and conventional refrigerant property libraries. Ammonia is a time-tested, self-alarming and natural refrigerant. It has been used extensively in the past, and it has better thermodynamic and transport properties than halocarbons. Safety is easily attained by design and its restrictive standards have helped increase its use in several countries. There are 36 ammonia installations in Norway and in the United Kingdom, including a drying plant. Ammonia has zero Odp, zero Gwp and the recent R&D has led to viable small-sale heat pump plants. Ammonia and dichlarodifluoromethane refrigerants were used in the test cases simulated by Hpdryer madel.     

工业生产中物位测量的探讨与研究

在工业生产中常常会遇到常温,常压和一般介质的液位,料位和界面的测量,也会遇到高温,高压,易燃易爆,腐蚀性较强的液位,料位和界面的测量。在工业生产中物位测量有接触式和非接触式测量。但应根据生产工况及技术要求来合理选用。     

The Body’s Cellular and Molecular Response to Protein-Coated Medical Device Implants: A Review Focused on Fibronectin and BMP Proteins

Recent years have seen a marked rise in implantation into the body of a great variety of devices: hip, knee, and shoulder replacements, pacemakers, meshes, glucose sensors, and many others. Cochlear and retinal implants are being developed to restore hearing and sight. After surgery to implant a device, adjacent cells interact with the implant and release molecular signals that result in attraction, infiltration of the tissue, and attachment to the implant of various cell types including monocytes, macrophages, and platelets. These cells release additional signaling molecules (chemokines and cytokines) that recruit tissue repair cells to the device site. Some implants fail and require additional revision surgery that is traumatic for the patient and expensive for the payer. This review examines the literature for evidence to support the possibility that fibronectins and BMPs could be coated on the implants as part of the manufacturing process so that the proteins could be released into the tissue surrounding the implant and improve the rate of successful implantation.     

Intricate Connections between the Microbiota and Endometriosis

Imbalances in gut and reproductive tract microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, disrupt normal immune function, leading to the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, compromised immunosurveillance and altered immune cell profiles, all of which may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Over time, this immune dysregulation can progress into a chronic state of inflammation, creating an environment conducive to increased adhesion and angiogenesis, which may drive the vicious cycle of endometriosis onset and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated both the ability of endometriosis to induce microbiota changes, and the ability of antibiotics to treat endometriosis. Endometriotic microbiotas have been consistently associated with diminished Lactobacillus dominance, as well as the elevated abundance of bacterial vaginosis-related bacteria and other opportunistic pathogens. Possible explanations for the implications of dysbiosis in endometriosis include the Bacterial Contamination Theory and immune activation, cytokine-impaired gut function, altered estrogen metabolism and signaling, and aberrant progenitor and stem-cell homeostasis. Although preliminary, antibiotic and probiotic treatments have demonstrated efficacy in treating endometriosis, and female reproductive tract (FRT) microbiota sampling has successfully predicted disease risk and stage. Future research should aim to characterize the “core” upper FRT microbiota and elucidate mechanisms behind the relationship between the microbiota and endometriosis.