基于认证注册同步的代理移动IPv6切换方案

代理移动IPv6(PMIPv6)是一种基于网络的移动性管理协议。在进行切换的时候,该协议虽在MIPv6的基础上有效地降低了切换延迟,但仍可进行更有效地调整以进一步降低切换延迟。文中提出在原有PMIPv6的基础上,将切换过程中的移动节点的身份认证和移动接入网关在本地移动锚点的注册同步起来,即AR-PMIPv6,引入有效地双缓存机制避免接收数据的丢失和乱序问题,降低了切换延迟和信令开销。实验仿真可知,通过认证注册同步的过程后,AR-PMIPv6在原有PMIPv6的基础上有效地降低了切换延迟,对网络服务质量有显著的提高。     

一种基于代理移动IPv6的全局移动性管理结构和协议

该文定义一种基于代理移动IPv6的全局移动性管理结构和协议,简称为PMIPGMM。 在PMIPGMM中,由网络实体而不是移动节点完成移动性管理, 另外消除了移动节点和接入路由器之间分发数据的无线链路隧道负荷。为与熟知的层次移动IPv6协议比较,基于液体流移动性模型,分别给出了每个协议下,移动节点在平均域停留时间内产生的位置更新、数据分发和总费用函数。分别研究了各种系统参数对费用函数的影响。分析结果表明所提出的基于代理移动IPv6的全局移动性管理协议可以保证低的总费用。     

MIPv6的移动安全问题及其对策研究

移动IPv6作为下一代互联网的重要组成部分,解决了"三角路由"问题,带来了更好的节点移动性,但同时也带来了新的安全威胁.本文分析了移动IPv6协议主要面临的安全威胁,探讨了移动节点和家乡代理之间以及移动节点和对端节点之间的安全策略.     

MIPv6的移动安全问题及其对策研究

移动IPv6作为下一代互联网的重要组成部分,解决了“三角路由”问题,带来了更好的节点移动性,但同时也带来了新的安全威胁。本文分析了移动IPv6协议主要面临的安全威胁,探讨了移动节点和家乡代理之间以及移动节点和对端节点之间的安全策略。     

基于层次移动IPv6接人认证设计与实现

在移动IPv6和层次移动IPv6中，移动节点通过无线接入点（AP）接入网络并且自动配置地址，缺乏必要的安全认证和地址管理机制。针对这一问题，文章结合IPv6的动态主机配置协议（DHCPv6）和认证，授权，计费（AAA，Authentication,Authorization,Accounting）协议设计出一套安全可靠的接入认证机制，并给出了实验结果。结果表明该接入认证方案能够有效实现对移动节点的合法性进行验证，认证成功的同时也为移动节点（MN）配置了合法IP地址，能够满足实际应用的需要。     

移动IPv6 Bootstrapping研究

移动IPv6通过移动节点(MN)家乡地址绑定注册实现对移动性的支持,MN向家乡代理的注册必须提供家乡地址、家乡代理地址和家乡代理安全关联,移动IPv6基本协议假设以上信息总是存在于MN之上,并未考虑实际部署中的复杂情况。文中重点分析了该问题,把MN动态获得家乡代理注册信息的过程定义为Bootstrapping,考虑了MN在不同网络部署情况下的Bootstrapping,给出了一种可能的解决思路。     

基于无证书公钥的移动IP注册协议认证

移动IPv6是IPv6的子协议,有着巨大的地址空间、对移动性和QoS的良好支持,内嵌的IPSec协议,以及邻居发现和自动配置等诸多优势,它为未来的全IP移动通信系统提供了一个标准的全球移动性解决方案。针对移动IPv6技术的特点,将IPSec安全协议和无证书公钥体系（CL-PKC）两者结合起来,在分析无证书公钥的优缺点的基础上,提出了一种在移动IPv6环境下的注册协议认证与注册方案,并对该协议的性能进行了分析,以方便日后的改进。     

基于2层、3层信息交互的移动IPv6切换延迟优化

移动IPv6作为下一代互联网的移动性管理的协议标准,能否很好的适应未来网络的需求,切换延迟是其中亟待解决的重要问题。移动IPv6的切换延迟主要由移动检测、地址自动配置和绑定更新三个阶段构成,本文通过分析移动IPv6的切换过程,设计并部署了一个模块,能够提取链路层的信息与移动IPv6进行交互,从而有效缩短移动IPv6切换过程中产生的延迟。     

移动IPv6安全问题分析

移动IPv6协议作为下一代互联网解决移动通信的基本理论,为解决“三角路由”问题和更好的支持节点移动,定义了一些控制信令和新的移动扩展头,但同时也带来了新的安全威胁,为此提出了一些安全策略来保护控制信令。本文探讨了移动IPv6协议主要面临的安全威胁,分析了通过IPSec安全联盟来保护移动节点和家乡代理之间的控制信令以及RR协议来保护移动节点和通信节点之间的控制信令的安全策略。     

一种身份与位置分离环境下基于网络的安全移动性管理协议

针对身份与位置分离(Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol,LISP)环境下的移动性管理问题,提出一种基于网络的安全移动性管理协议—LISP-SMCP(Secure Mobility Control Protocol)。以接入网为移动管理区域,LISP-SMCP有效地支持移动节点在区域内切换和区域间切换,并实现本地认证和双向认证。安全性和性能分析结果表明,LISP-SMCP可以防止中间人、重放和消息篡改等网络攻击,且具有较小的认证时延、切换时延和切换阻塞率。     

A comparative performance analysis on Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6

This paper presents comparative results on Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6. The two mobility support protocols have similar hierarchical mobility management architectures but there are, however, clearly different perceptions: Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 has specific properties of a host-based mobility support protocol, whereas Proxy Mobile IPv6 is based on a network-based mobility support protocol. Thus, it is important to reveal their mobility characteristics and performance impact factors. In this paper, a cost based evaluation model is developed that evaluates the location update cost, the packet delivery cost, and the wireless power consumption cost based on the protocol operations used. Then, the numerical results are presented in where impacts of the various system parameters are evaluated. The results demonstrate that Proxy Mobile IPv6 always outperforms Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 due to its ability to avoid the mobility signaling sent by the mobile host, and its reduced tunneling overhead during communications with other nodes.     

A Proxy Mobile IPv6 Based Global Mobility Management Architecture and Protocol

This paper specifies a global mobility management architecture and protocol procedure called GPMIP, which is based on Proxy Mobile IPv6. In GPMIP, mobility management is performed by the network entity rather than individual mobile nodes. The benefit is the elimination of the wireless link data delivery tunnel overhead between a mobile node and the access router. To compare with the well known Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 mobility management protocol, the location update, packet delivery, and total cost functions generated by a mobile node during its average domain residence time are formulated for each protocol based on fluid flow mobility model. Then, the impacts of various system parameters on the cost functions are analyzed. The analytical results indicate that the proposed global mobility management protocol can guarantee lower total costs. Furthermore, a qualitative comparison between GPMIP and some other global management protocols is also investigated.     

How much do we gain by introducing route optimization in Proxy Mobile IPv6 networks?

Proxy Mobile IPv6 has been developed from the concept of network-based mobility support protocol in the Internet Engineering Task Force. The recently published specification of Proxy Mobile IPv6 only focuses on the mobility support without a mobile host’s participation in the mobility signaling. Then, route optimization issues are left in the basket for further works. In this paper, we explore the existing route optimization proposals that are analyzed and matched against a list of functional and operational angles. Then, the chosen two route optimization proposals are evaluated in terms of signaling cost, packet delivery cost, total cost, and service blocking probability. Through the provided analysis results, we demonstrate that route optimization solves the ineffective routing path problem when the mobile host communicates with its corresponding host and argue that the scalability of Proxy Mobile IPv6 architecture is also improved due to the distributed routing path. In addition, the cost model developed in this paper would be a reference model in order to facilitate decision making for further route optimization design.     

Time-Efficient Handover Using Enhanced Route Optimization in Global PMIPv6

With the development of the wireless internet, there are more and more mobile terminals. Without mobility management protocol, mobile terminals could not communicate with others terminals when they are away from their home network. Mobile IPv6 was proposed which is host-based mobility management protocol. But it has several drawbacks, such as wireless link resource waste, load or consumption of power in mobile terminal is large. To overcome the weakness of host-based mobility management protocol, network-based mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is standardized by the internet engineering task force network-based localized mobility management working group, and it is starting to attract considerable attentions. Although several proposals have been made for handover and Route Optimization (RO) in PMIPv6, they still need too many communications, do not consider about seamless-handover and RO without out-of-sequence problem simultaneously. In this paper we proposed a time-efficient handover mechanism in PMIPv6 by using the improved RO. We use the characteristic of anycast to achieve the time efficiency. By the mathematical analysis we prove that the proposed protocol has shorter latency and supports faster mobility of the mobile terminals.     

An enhanced fast handover triggering mechanism for Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6

Handover delay performance is a critical issue to support real-time applications in wireless networks. To address this issue, this paper presents an Enhanced fast handover Triggering Mechanism (ETM) to improve the handover performance of mobile nodes (MNs) in Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6). Making use of the information from the link layer, the ETM predicts two cases that the MNs perform in the reactive handover mode. Then, it establishes the bi-directional tunnel in advance for fast handover. As a result, the reactive handover delay is significantly reduced. Integrating the ETM into FPMIPv6 forms an enhanced Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (eFPMIPv6) protocol. Simulation experiments show that with the presented ETM mechanism, the eFPMIPv6 outperforms the original FPMIPv6 in terms of the overall handover performance.     

The Performance Analysis of the Multicast Extension Support for Proxy MIPv6

Mobile multicast is based on the traditional multicast protocols and the mobility support protocols to provide the multicast services for the mobile subscribers. Several mobile multicast methods were proposed in the past few years, but most of them are based on Mobile IPv6 and its variants which require the mobile node to support the mobility function. Recently, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was proposed to provide the mobility support for the mobile node with or without mobility function, and the previous studies have shown that PMIPv6 can improve the performance in term of the handover performance and protocol cost. However, PMIPv6 mainly concerns on the mobility support for unicast routing and little considers the multicast routing. In this paper, we propose two multicast methods called the MAG (Mobile Access Gateway)-based method and LMA (Local Mobility Anchor)-based method based on the different multicast delivery transmission path to extend PMIPv6, and analyze their performance under the different scenarios. The analytical results show that the LMA-based method is suitable for the higher speed, bigger domain size, and larger network topology scenarios, whereas the MAG-based method is suitable for the lower speed, smaller domain size and smaller network topology scenarios.     

LR-AKE-Based AAA for Network Mobility (NEMO) Over Wireless Links

Network mobility introduces far more complexity than host mobility. Therefore, host mobility protocols such as Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) need to be extended to support this new type of mobility. To address the extensions needed for network mobility, the IETF NEMO working group has recently standardized the network mobility basic support protocol in RFC 3963. However, in this RFC, it is not mentioned how authentication authorization and accounting (AAA) issues are handled in NEMO environment. Also, the use of IPsec to secure NEMO procedures does not provide robustness against leakage of stored secrets. To address this security issue and to achieve AAA with mobility, we propose new handover procedures to be performed by mobile routers and by visiting mobile nodes. This new handover procedure is based on leakage resilient-authenticated key establishment (LR-AKE) protocol. Using analytical models, we evaluate the proposed handover procedure in terms of handover delay which affects the session continuity. Our performance evaluation is based on transmission, queueing and encryption delays over wireless links.     

Mobility management for all-IP mobile networks: mobile IPv6 vs. proxy mobile IPv6 [architectures and protocols for mobility management in all-IP mobile networks]

Recently, a network-based mobility management protocol called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is being actively standardized by the IETF NETLMM working group, and is starting to attract considerable attention among the telecommunication and Internet communities. Unlike the various existing protocols for IP mobility management such as Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which are host-based approaches, a network-based approach such as PMIPv6 has salient features and is expected to expedite the real deployment of IP mobility management. In this article, starting by showing the validity of a network-based approach, we present qualitative and quantitative analyses of the representative host-based and network-based mobility management approaches (i.e., MIPv6 and PMIPv6), which highlight the main desirable features and key strengths of PMIPv6. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison among the various existing well-known mobility support protocols is investigated. Although the development of PMIPv6 is at an early stage yet, it is strongly expected that PMIPv6 will be a promising candidate solution for realizing the next-generation all-IP mobile networks.     

A forward fast media independent handover control scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FFMIH-PMIPv6) over heterogeneous wireless mobile network

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a networked-based handover protocol for the IP layer, i.e., the layer 3 mobility management protocol. In this work, we integrate fast handover and IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) Services with PMIPv6 to improve the handover performance over the heterogeneous wireless network environment. Since it may have multiple candidate destination networks to which a Mobile Node can select for handover, it needs to consider not only the signal strength but also the corresponding networking situation for the proper selection of the next network. To reduce the packet loss situation, the multicast mechanism is adopted to forward packets to these candidate destination networks during the handover processing period. In this work, a Forward Fast Media Independent Handover Control Scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FFMIH-PMIPv6) is proposed based on the aforementioned concerns. Through the simulations for performance analysis, it shows that the proposed FFMIH-PMIPv6 can have better handover performance in terms of handover latency, packet loss rate and throughput.