KRS-智能干法分选系统在矿物分选中的应用

针对目前国内块煤分选设备的现状及存在的问题,提出了块煤采用智能干法分选的新工艺,通过智能分选系统在国内选煤厂的成功应用,证明该技术工艺简单、节能环保、运行及维护成本低,商品煤发热量提升幅度大,选煤厂提质增效显著。     

煤矸石反向分选提取低热值煤的方法研究

分析了从煤矸石中进一步提取低热值煤的可能性,并探讨了煤矸石分选提取低热值煤的工艺方法,提出采用智能干法分选技术进行煤矸石反向分选的思路,分析煤矸石智能干法分选的可行性.     

煤炭干法分选的发展与挑战

煤炭作为一种不可再生的国家型战略资源,依然是全球最重要的基础能源之一。低品质煤潜在储量可观,已成为实现我国能源保障不可或缺的能源资源。选煤是实现煤炭高效、洁净利用的源头技术,传统的湿法选煤技术严重依赖水资源,干法选煤技术因其不用水、成本低、无污染等特点,为煤炭资源的清洁高效分选提质和煤炭工业转型发展提供了有效方法。详细分析了风力分选、复合式干法分选、光电分选、重介干法分选技术的工作原理、研究现状和工业应用进展,并对国内外煤炭干法分选技术的进展进行梳理。在理解分选技术进展的基础上,指出了现有干法分选技术入料粒级窄、水分要求高、智能化程度不高等局限性,对煤炭干法分选技术发展的趋势进行展望,指出了下一步研究重点,包括突破细粒煤分选的理论瓶颈,实现全粒级煤炭的干法分选、开发高效的煤炭分选与干燥协同技术,破解原煤水分限制的难题、加快干法精选技术攻关,降低炼焦煤等高品质煤的加工成本、开展分选机放大的理论研究,实现分选设备的持续大型化及煤系共伴生矿物、煤系固废资源化利用等,为干法选煤技术的研究提供借鉴。     

中部地区动力煤干法分选必要性的推论和探讨

论述了我国中部地区煤炭产品结构、产品态势和即将到来的动力煤市场变革,对当前动力煤分选工艺进行了比较,充分肯定了干法分选工艺在动力煤分选方面的优势和适用性;结合河南省赵家寨煤矿动力煤的干选试验结果,指出了干法选煤工艺在中部地区动力煤产区的应用前景。     

动力煤全粒级智能干法选煤工艺

分析了当前各种块煤智能干选工艺的技术特点,并和ZM高效矿物分离机对小于80 mm块煤的分选效果进行了比较;采用原煤分级,大块煤智能分选,中块煤、小块煤ZM分选机分选相结合等新工艺可以实现动力煤全粒级入选,弥补普通干选工艺的局限性,发挥不同粒级分选工艺的特长,实现干法选煤厂的精煤产率最大化。     

高硫煤的干法分选技术

根据我国高硫煤的特点和目前国情,评述了几种典型干法分选高硫煤技术的分选原理和脱硫效果,包括空气重介质流化床干法分选、复合式干法选煤、微细粒煤干法高梯度磁选和摩擦电选。通过燃前干法选煤脱硫降灰,脱除煤中的有害物质,能有效改善燃煤污染现状,取得显著的社会效益。     

上海庙一号井易泥化煤分选工艺流程的选择

分析了上海庙一号井原煤可选性特点和选煤厂原水洗工艺存在的问题;多次干选半工业性试验结果表明,干选技术可用于分选该矿末煤含量大、矸石易泥化、可选性为易选的原煤,全粒级干选不仅可以稳定和提高末煤质量,还可以生产合格的块精煤产品;干法分选不产生煤泥,具有精煤产率高,降灰脱硫效果显著的优势;针对一号井煤质特点和产品质量要求,通过分选对比,确定对现有工艺进行改造,采用干湿结合并联分选工艺流程,取得了改善分选效果、提高经济效益的目的。     

煤炭干法分选技术应用场景及展望

在国家政策引领与行业推动下,我国干法选煤技术的研发能力和装备制造水平已达国际领先水平,干法选煤技术在动力煤全粒级入选、预排矸、末煤干选、低质煤提质及干湿工艺结合等方面得到成功应用;展望未来,争取更多的国家政策支持,促进干法选煤技术的快速迭代升级,科学运用干法与湿法组合工艺,实现选煤厂的"高效、绿色、智能"发展.     

FGX干选机选煤分选性能预测模型研究

为有效预测原煤干选指标,实现分选影响参数的量化模拟,研究了粒度上下限和全粒级分选密度对各粒级实际分选密度δ和可能偏差Ep的影响,并建立了数学模型,对山西兴县金地煤业南窑煤矿原煤进行干法分选试验,验证数学模型的准确性。结果表明,随着各粒级平均粒度变小,实际分选密度增加,细粒煤分选效果显著变差。各粒级分选密度偏差δi-δ与各粒级几何平均粒度Di的相关系数(R2)为0.91,各子粒级分选可能偏差Ep值和各分选密度δi的比值与分选入料几何平均粒度Di的相关系数(R2)为0.78。半工业试验实际分选结果与数学模型预测重复度较好。分选密度高于1.80 g/cm3,精煤灰分大于24%时,分选效率比较稳定,理论精煤产率和实际分选的精煤产率基本相近。反之,FGX分选机在低密度下分选,分选效率变差。通过对比干法分选模型模拟结果和半工业试验,证明该模型可用于干法分选的预测,对分选效果的预测和干法选厂流程设计具有指导意义。     

TDS智能干选机分选宁东矿区低变质烟煤的研究应用

为解决宁东矿区低变质烟煤采用水洗工艺后煤泥水处理投资运营成本高、煤泥产品处理困难的现状,通过对国内外干法选煤技术和装备进行比选,以灵新选煤厂作为试点,建设了1套TDS智能干选系统,实现200～40 mm原煤的一次完全分选,产品质量指标达到了预期目标,经济效益显著。     

Molecular components of coal and coal structure

A high-volatile bituminous coal was extracted at room temperature by various organic solvents. The yields of the extracts ranged from 4.5 wt% daf (ethanol/benzene extract) to 38 wt% daf (pyridine/ethylenediamine extract). The extracts were analysed by Fl mass spectrometry; the volatile part (75–80 wt%) was composed of substances of molecular weight in the range 70–800 amu, but the compounds in the 200–600 amu range predominated. Over 300 compounds were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results indicate that compounds < 800 amu constitute at least 30 wt% daf of the analysed coal.     

Electrical conductivity of coal and coal char

The electrical conductivity of coal, at either 1 kHz or d.c., was measured at 24 °C on samples recovered from pyrolysis experiments aimed at modelling conditions during in situ gasification of coal. From an initial value of 10⁻³ S/m (when the coal is saturated with formation water), the conductivity decreases to 10⁻⁸ S/m when the coal is heated to 110 °C in vacuum. This low value, presumably due to dehydration of the coal, prevails for samples heated as high as 500 °C in dry argon. Samples of char recovered after pyrolysis to 800 °C or more have a conductivity of 10² S/m. Capitalizing on the large contrast between the conductivities of coal and char produced during gasification, electrical probing may be a sensitive tool for monitoring ‘burn-front’ progress during in situ coal gasification.     

Industrial coking of coal batch without bituminous coal

For many years, Kuznetsk-coal batch has always included bituminous coal. Depending on the content of such coal, the batch may be characterized as lean, moderately clinkering, or bituminous. This classification was adopted by specialists of the Eastern Coal-Chemistry Institute (ECCI) in experimental coking at Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Works in 1945 [1]. Lean batch contained 10% Osinovsk bituminous coal (plastic-layer thickness y = 13 mm); moderately coking coal contained 25% bituminous coal (y = 16 mm); and bituminous batch contained 40% of such coal (y = 20 mm).     

黏结煤与不黏煤共热解特性研究

为了利用内构件反应器热解技术实现黏结性煤的高值化利用,采用TG-MS和固定床反应器研究了黏结的山西兴县煤(简称XX煤)与不黏的先锋褐煤(简称XF煤)共热解时的破黏和热解特性。TG-MS实验结果表明,XX煤与XF煤配制的混合煤比XX煤黏性小,且XF煤促进了XX煤热解,混合煤热解行为是两种煤共同作用的结果。固定床热解实验表明,煤粒径越小,降黏越显著;XX煤和XF煤的比例(XX:XF)越小,降黏越显著,XX:XF小于5:5时,可消除结焦团块;XX:XF越小,半焦产率越低,焦油和煤气产率越高;随XX:XF减小,焦油中<170℃和230~300℃的馏分含量先升后降,XX:XF=6:4~3:7时最高,170~210℃、210~230℃和300~360℃的馏分逐渐增加,>360℃的馏分含量不断降低;随XX:XF的减小,H2含量先升高后降低,在XX:XF=3:7时最高;CO含量呈略微升高趋势;CO2含量先逐步升高,在XX:XF=6:4达到最高,然后从XX:XF=5:5开始降低,在XX:XF=3:7达到最低,然后又开始升高;CH4及C2~C3组分含量呈下降趋势,而H2+CO+CH4 (煤气中有效组分之和)的含量先下降再升高接着再降低,在XX:XF=6:4时最低,XX:XF=3:7时最高。XX:XF越小,虽半焦的C/N和C/H不断减少,但C元素含量增幅和N, H元素含量减幅增大;比表面积越大,内孔结构越多越大,起燃温度越低,燃烧越彻底。     

澳大利亚煤代替西曲焦煤的配煤炼焦研究

对澳大利亚煤和国内6种单种煤进行煤质分析和配煤炼焦实验,分析澳大利亚煤代替西曲煤进行炼焦的可行性。结果表明澳大利亚煤具有低灰低硫、高挥发分等特点,在炼焦中用澳大利亚煤替代西曲焦煤可降低焦炭的灰分和硫分,增大焦炭的各向异性指数,改善焦炭强度。     

关于混煤的配煤探讨

针对生产用煤多为复杂混煤的不利情况,在常规分析数据的基础上利用岩相分析手段指导配煤,有效稳定了焦炭质量,明显改善了焦炭的热态性能。     

高硫焦煤在配煤中的应用

通过研究高硫焦煤的理化性质,在配合煤中配入一定比例的廉价高硫焦煤,焦炭质量得到改善,主焦煤的使用比例减少,入炉煤成本大幅降低.     

Coking properties of coal pitch in coal batch

The coking properties of coal pitch depend significantly on its fractional composition, which determines the set of structural components involved in meso-phase formation. The optimal combination of high-molecular aromatic compounds, polycyclic compounds of intermediate molecular mass, and hydrogen-donor hydroaromatic components corresponds to a ratio of pitch fractions α: β: γ = 1: 2: 2. This is typical of coal pitch with a softening temperature of 75–85°C. Such pitch is the best clinkering additive to coking batch, resulting in the production of coke of maximum strength.     

Catalytic activity of coal minerals in hydrogasification of coal

Hydrogasification of six bituminous coals was studied in a fixed-ped flow reactor at pressures up to 2 MPa and temperatures from 790 to 960 °C. Ranges of distinct methane formation are found with all coals between 500 and 600 °C, 750 to 800 °C and >850 °C. The reactions in the first two ranges are determined by the molecular structure of coal and are not affected by catalytic activities of constituents of coal minerals. In the third range, >850 °C, iron as a constituent of mineral matter of coal can accelerate methane formation significantly if the pressure is sufficiently high. Thermodynamic calculations indicate, and were verified by thermogravimetric studies, that iron disulphides in original coals can be desulphurized during gasification. Alkali and alkali earth oxides and carbonates can act as sulphur scavengers via an exchange reaction and thus accelerate the desulphurization of iron sulphides.     

煤岩学在炼焦配煤中的应用进展及优化配煤技术

科学合理的配煤技术对于焦化企业高质量发展至关重要,炼焦配煤技术的核心在于对原料煤煤质特性的深入认知。影响炼焦煤性质的主要因素包括变质程度、煤岩组成及第三成因因素,故煤岩学对炼焦配煤技术的研究与应用至关重要。本文论述了经验配煤、煤岩配煤及人工智能配煤3种炼焦配煤技术发展历程和现状,凝练了炼焦配煤技术的发展趋势。结合研究实际,重点梳理了煤岩学指标在炼焦配煤中的应用现状。在注重煤岩特征的同时,也需兼顾工艺指标等相关参数对炼焦煤优劣的表征。在实际应用中,各项指标参数的选择和利用需要综合考虑参数适配范围并尊重该指标与炼焦煤特性的真实对应关系。基于以上内容,提出了关联成煤时代、产地等地质因素和黏结指数、胶质层指数等工艺指标的整体思路,实现焦炭性能与原料煤特性的科学、深入关联,构建“本源-过程-结果”一体的优化配煤技术新体系。