车轮多边形幅值对侧向通过道岔区振动传递特性的影响

道岔区的动力学性能是决定行车速度和安全的主要因素之一,而车轮多边形磨耗会显著影响轮轨相互作用力及转向架关键部位的振动特性。以18号可动心轨道岔作为研究对象,建立车辆-道岔耦合动力学模型。分析列车侧向过道岔区的实测振动数据,并分析不同多边形幅值车轮对车体各部位振动传递的影响。结果表明:列车通过道岔心轨区段时,增加多边形幅值对各关键部位减振效果影响较大;多边形幅值为0.14 mm时,动力学响应幅度较大,横向力接近侧向通过道岔的限值;脱轨系数最大值发生位置随多边形幅值增加而变化;一系悬挂不能有效降低多边形车轮引起的振动,二系悬挂可以消除一部分的振动能量,但在心轨区段,横向减振效果仍不理想。     

基于Pro/E铝合金车轮弯曲疲劳试验的研究

以车轮的动态弯曲疲劳试验为研究目的,运用Pro/Mechanism模块对车轮进行了动力学仿真分析,为疲劳仿真分析计算提供数据支持.然后用Pro/Mechanica模块对车轮进行有限元分析,并以云图显示方式显示和存储车轮的位移、应力、应变和疲劳分析等计算结果.从云图中,可直观地判断出该车轮的应力集中区域和疲劳发生的危险区...     

基于模糊制动压力控制的电液制动系统研究

为实现对车辆制动系统的准确控制,设计一种基于模糊制动压力控制的电液制动系统。对电液制动系统的结构进行分析,明确其制动原理。对车辆进行建模,得到车轮纵向和横向受力的计算方法,建立车轮的动力学方程。通过扩展卡尔曼滤波器计算车辆制动压力控制时的相应参数,采用车辆的滑移角及滚动速度求取车轮的纵向和横向滑移系数。构造模糊推理系统的隶属函数,以车轮的滑移系数及附着系数作为依据,求取路面类型。根据路面类型,基于人工神经网络,得出参考滑移。利用参考滑移得到滑移误差和误差率;通过模糊控制隶属函数求出最佳控制压力,完成车辆制动控制。结果表明：在高附着系数路面及混合附着系数路面上,所提方法比模糊PID方法的制动时间分别缩短了10.66%和11.83%;在制动控制时,该方法的滑移率比模糊PID方法的滑移率波动幅度更小且更接近最佳滑移率,说明该方法能高效且稳定地实现车辆的制动控制。     

车辆轮荷动态测试系统研究

为了获取车辆行驶时车轮的动态垂直载荷,设计一种车辆轮荷动态测试系统,详细介绍该系统的硬件和软件,并在特定试验路面上进行了测试,解决了因传感器无法安装在车轮上动态获取实时车轮载荷的难题.     

回转圆盘刀具横向振动流体控制建模与分析

在对圆盘刀具进行正方化扇形网格划分及建立单元型函数的基础上,针对回转圆盘薄片刀具实际工作时存在的横向振动问题,应用拉格朗日方程和流体动压润滑理论建立含流体动压膜的回转圆盘薄片刀具的动力学方程。通过对该动力学方程的分析,利用专门设计、制造的试验装置,对圆盘薄片刀具系统的动态特性进行测量,将测量数据与理论分析的结果进行对比。结果表明:建立的圆盘薄片刀具系统的动力学方程是正确的,流体动压膜可有效地减少刀具横向振动的幅值。     

磁流体技术在铁道车辆耦合轮对中的应用

本文首先介绍了磁流体耦合轮对的工作原理，然后通过对耦合轮对、传统固定轮对和独立车轮的曲线通过性能的比较，得出了一个结论：由于磁流体耦合轮对可以根据线路的实际需要调整左右车轮的耦合度因而曲线通过性能较好。     

混合动力机器人加工动力学模型及优化设计研究

针对加工用混合动力机器人结构，提出混合机器人动力学模型和优化设计方法。建立混合机器人的动力学模型，综合考虑了机器人工作空间/机器体积比、横向刚度和低阶模态3个性能指标，分析设计变量对性能指标的影响。在此基础上制定机器人内部并联机构的设计问题和综合设计策略，对机器人的结构进行优化。通过搭建多自由度混合机器人加工实验平台，结果表明所设计的混合机器人在较大的工作空间内具有良好的静态和动态特性，验证了所提模型的合理性。     

动车组车辆横向失稳原因辨识方法研究

动车组车辆横向稳定性是车辆服役安全的评估指标,曾发生多起横向失稳故障。通过横向失稳的失效链路分析,根据车辆横向失稳的特征频率、振动传递关系,辨识了车辆横向失稳的3类原因。通过轮对、轴箱和构架异常振动,结合车辆运行线路,辨识踏面异常磨耗是车辆横向失稳的主要原因;通过构架和车体枕梁的振动传递关系,辨识蛇行减振器和二系横向减振器阻尼值减小是车辆横向失稳的主要原因;通过构架振动的多边形特征频率,辨识车轮多边形是车辆横向失稳的主要原因。提出的车辆横向失稳原因辨识方法应用于某型动车组,为该型动车组横向失稳原因辨识提供了参考。     

基于刚柔耦合的提升机钢丝绳横向振动因素分析

落地式摩擦提升机在运行过程中极易产生振动现象，影响提升设备的安全。为此，以多体动力学仿真软件为载体，考虑钢丝绳的柔性特性，建立刚柔耦合的摩擦式提升机仿真模型，研究加速度与制动曲线对提升钢丝绳横向振动的影响。实验与仿真结果表明：制动阶段时不同加速度运行工况下，摩擦提升系统极易产生横向振动，矩形加速度曲线产生的横向振动更小，上行工况比下行工况钢丝绳振动剧烈。     

基于有限元分析的铝合金轮毂径向疲劳寿命的预测

利用ANSYS软件对摩托车铝合金车轮径向疲劳试验进行了动态仿真分析,得到了轮毂结构危险点的应力分布状态。结合铝合金的材料特性,运用名义应力法预测出车轮的径向疲劳寿命为591万次循环,为轮毂的设计开发提供参考。     

双磨粒微切削单晶γ-TiAl合金的材料去除机制

为了分析磨削过程中单晶γ-TiA l合金的材料去除机制,建立了双磨粒磨削Ti-Al合金的分子动力学模型。揭示了金刚石磨粒的横向间距和纵向间距对单晶γ-TiA l合金材料去除机制的影响。结果表明:单晶γ-TiA l合金的微切削过程中伴随有温度、势能、位错的变化以及晶格结构的转变;切削力、切削温度、势能以及去除效率随着横向间距的增加而增大,但受纵向间距的影响较小;晶格转变的原子数随横向间距的增加而增大,随纵向间距的增加而减小;随着横向间距和纵向间距的增加,位错数量、位错总长度以及位错密度相应增大。     

Stability of lateral,torsional and axial vibrations in drilling

Instability caused by whirling, lateral and torsional-axial modes of the drill causes dimensional inaccuracies of the holes and may damage the drills. A generalized stability model for drilling dynamics is presented in this paper. The model considers the regeneration of chip thickness due to the tool deflection in the lateral, torsional and axial directions. The tool wear is considered on damping of high frequency, torsional vibrations during drilling process. The stability for whirling, lateral and torsional axial chatter is predicted simultaneously and analytically in semi-discrete time domain. The stability model is experimentally verified by conducing series of drilling tests with a sharp and worn tool.     

单晶硅磨抛协同加工的分子动力学

磨削与抛光是实现单晶硅材料超精密表面加工的重要工艺方法,磨抛协同加工过程中由磨粒运动状态主导的二体与三体磨损机制对材料去除效率以及表面加工质量具有重要影响。采用分子动力学方法,建立固结与游离运动状态双磨粒协同作用下的单晶硅表面超精密磨抛加工过程仿真模型,分析磨粒切入深度、横向与纵向间距干涉等因素对磨削力、材料相变、表面损伤及材料去除行为的影响规律,阐释单晶硅磨抛协同超精密加工表面形貌演化规律。研究表明：受磨粒运动状态驱动的单晶硅材料表层损伤原子数量随固结及游离磨粒切入深度增大而增加,磨粒切入深度对工件的材料去除、裂纹生长及损伤行为影响显著;法向和切向磨削力随磨粒切入深度增加而增大,且在同等切入深度变化时法向磨削力增加幅度大于切向磨削力; 通过单晶硅金刚石结构分析磨粒间干涉区域的损伤情况可知,随着磨粒间纵向间距增加时,工件所受干涉作用减小,六角金刚石晶体结构减少;相比较固结磨粒,游离磨粒对工件的损伤区域更深,产生瞬态缺陷原子更多。研究结果可为实现超精密磨抛协同加工工艺高材料去除效率和高表面质量提供理论基础。     

Generalized modeling of drilling vibrations. Part I: Time domain model of drilling kinematics, dynamics and hole formation

This two part paper presents a comprehensive exercise in modeling dynamics, kinematics and stability in drilling operations. While Part II focuses on the chatter stability of drilling in frequency domain, Part I presents a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic model of drilling which considers rigid body motion, and torsional–axial and lateral vibrations in drilling, and resulting hole formation. The model is used to investigate: (a) the mechanism of whirling vibrations, which occur due to lateral drill deflections; (b) lateral chatter vibrations; and (c) combined lateral and torsional–axial vibrations. Mechanistic cutting force models are used to accurately predict lateral forces, torque and thrust as functions of feedrate, radial depth of cut, drill geometry and vibrations. Grinding errors reflected on the drill geometry are considered in the model. A 3D workpiece, consisting of a cylindrical hole wall and a hole bottom surface, is fed to the rotating drill while the structural vibrations are excited by the cutting forces. The mechanism of whirling vibrations is explained, and the hole wall formation during whirling vibrations is investigated by imposing commonly observed whirling motion on the drill. The time domain model is used to predict the cutting forces and frequency content as well as the shape of the hole wall, and how it depends on the amplitude and frequency of the whirling vibration. The model is also used to predict regenerative, lateral chatter vibrations. The influence of pilot hole size, spindle speed and torsional–axial chatter on lateral vibrations is observed from experimental cutting forces, frequency spectra and shows good similarity with simulation results. The effect of the drill–hole surface contact during drilling is discussed by observing the discrepancies between the numerical model of the drilling process and experimental measurements.     

Finite size effect on the piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanobelts: A molecular dynamics approach

The size scale effect on the piezoelectric response of bulk ZnO and ZnO nanobelts has been studied using molecular dynamics simulation. Six molecular dynamics models of ZnO nanobelts are constructed and simulated with lengths of 150.97 Å and lateral dimensions ranging between 8.13 and 37.37 Å. A molecular dynamics model of bulk ZnO has also been constructed and simulated using periodic boundary conditions. The piezoelectric constants of the bulk ZnO and each of the ZnO nanobelts are predicted. The predicted piezoelectric coefficient of bulk ZnO is 1.4 C m^?2, while the piezoelectric coefficient of ZnO nanobelts increases from 1.639 to 2.322 C m^?2 when the lateral dimension of the ZnO NBs is reduced from 37.37 to 8.13 Å. The changes in the piezoelectric constants are explained in the context of surface charge redistribution. The results give a key insight into the field of nanopiezotronics and energy scavenging because the piezoelectric response and voltage output scale with the piezoelectric coefficient.     

Time domain model of plunge milling operation

Plunge milling operations are used to remove excess material rapidly in roughing operations. The cutter is fed in the direction of spindle axis which has the highest structural rigidity. This paper presents time domain modeling of mechanics and dynamics of plunge milling process. The cutter is assumed to be flexible in lateral, axial, and torsional directions. The rigid body feed motion of the cutter and structural vibrations of the tool are combined to evaluate time varying dynamic chip load distribution along the cutting edge. The cutting forces in lateral and axial directions and torque are predicted by considering the feed, radial engagement, tool geometry, spindle speed, and the regeneration of the chip load due to vibrations. The mathematical model is experimentally validated by comparing simulated forces and vibrations against measurements collected from plunge milling tests. The study shows that the lateral forces and vibrations exist only if the inserts are not symmetric, and the primary source of chatter is the torsional–axial vibrations of the plunge mill. The chatter vibrations can be reduced by increasing the torsional stiffness with strengthened flute cavities.     

双磨粒抛光单晶Si的分子动力学模拟

目的 通过分子动力学(MD)模拟,获得双金刚石磨粒抛光单晶Si的去除机理.方法 采用一种新的单晶硅三体磨粒抛光方法,测试双磨粒的抛光深度和横向/纵向间距对三体磨粒抛光的影响,从而获得相变、表面/亚表面损伤等情况,并获得抛光过程中温度及势能的变化情况.结果 对比抛光深度为1、3 nm时配位数的情况,发现抛光深度为1 nm时,抛光完成时相变的原子数是4319,而抛光深度为3 nm时,相变原子数为12516.随着磨粒在Si工件表面抛光深度的加深,抛光和磨蚀引起的相变原子和损伤原子的数目增加.仿真结果还表明,单晶Si相变原子的种类和数目随磨粒横向间距的增加而增加,随着纵向间距的增加反而减少.系统的初始温度设为298 K,抛光深度为1 nm时,抛光完成时的温度是456 K,而抛光深度为3 nm时,温度是733 K.抛光完成时,纵向组和横向组的温度仅相差30～40 K.在抛光深度、横向间距和纵向间距3个对照组中,抛光深度对亚表面损伤的影响最大.抛光深度为3 nm时,亚表面的损伤深度最大,从而导致更多的材料从单晶Si工件表面去除.结论 双磨粒的抛光深度和间距不仅对硅的表面微观结构产生影响,还对相变产生影响.模拟参数相同时,较大的抛光深度和横向间距下会产生更多的相变原子,因此相变受抛光深度的影响最大,受纵向间距的影响最小.     

Milling machine spindle analysis using FEM and non-contact spindle excitation and response measurement

In this paper a method for analysing lateral vibrations in a milling machine spindle is presented including finite-element modelling (FEM), magnetic excitation and inductive displacement measurements of the spindle response. The measurements can be conducted repeatedly without compromising safety procedures regarding human interaction with rotating high speed spindles. The measurements were analysed and compared with the FEM simulations which incorporated a spindle speed sensitive bearing stiffness, a separate mass and stiffness radius and a stiffness radius sensitive shear deformation factor. The effect of the gyroscopic moment and the speed dependent bearing stiffness on the system dynamics were studied for different spindle speeds. Simulated mode shapes were experimentally verified by a scanning laser doppler vibrometer. With increased spindle speed, a substantial change of the eigenfrequencies of the bearing-related eigenmodes was detected both in the simulations and in the measurements. The centrifugal force that acted on the bearing balls resulted in a softening of the bearing stiffness. This softening was shown to be more influential on the system dynamics than the gyroscopic moment of the rotor. The study performed indicates that predictions of high speed milling stability based on 0 rpm tap-test can be inadequate.     

矿用宽体车主动油气悬架的复合控制方法研究

由于矿用宽体车被动油气悬架不能根据路面情况以及车载变化达到实时调整车姿来满足车辆平顺性要求,为进一步改善矿车行驶平顺性,提出一种神经网络和模糊PID控制相结合的主动悬架复合控制方法。建立单气室油气弹簧数学模型,并经实验验证了模型的正确性;在此基础上以C级路面作为输入,建立1/2车辆动力学模型,以悬架输出力为控制对象,对控制器的设计进行了详细研究,并对矿车前半车身垂向及侧倾方向的振动特性进行了对比分析。结果表明：与被动悬架相比,所设计的主动控制策略使车身垂直加速度降低了38.45%,侧倾角加速度降低了27.16%,轮胎动载荷降低了32.68%,悬架动扰度降低了34.8%,极大地改善了车辆行驶平顺性。